Anatomy of the CNS Flashcards
What is the layout of the CNS?
- Brain and spinal cord
- cell bodies of neurons in nuclei
What is the layout of the PNS?
- Nerves linking CNS gto the rest of the body (spinal and cranial nerves)
- Cell bodies of neurons in ganglia
What does the forebrain consist of?
- the cerberum
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
What does the hindrain consist of?
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Cerebrellum
(spinal cord at the bottom)
What 2 axis is the brain oriented by?
- Longitudinal axisof the brainstem and spinal cord
- Longitudinal axis of the forebrain
What are the different lobes of the brain?
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Occipital
FEELING, Fucntion
What is the role of the frontal lobe ?
- Conscious thought - damage can result in mood or personality changes
- motor function
PARKING aid
What is the role of the parietal lobe?
- Integrating sensory infromation from various senses
- Manipulation of objects
- Portions involved with visuospatial processing
OPTICIANS
What is the occipital lobe resposnible for?
- Sense of sight
- Lesions can produce hallucinations
What is the Temporal lobe responsible for?
- Sense of smell and sound
- Processing of complex faces and surroundings
What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
- Corpus callosum
- divided into rostrum,genu, body and splenium
What are the different cotrical areas of the brain?
- The motor areas - primary motor cortex
- Sensory areas - primary somatosensory cortex
- Association areas - around 75% of the total surface area of the cerebral cortex
What is the function of the primary motor cortex?
- ## Voluntary movement
What is the function of the premotor cortex?
Coordinates voluntary movements
What is the function of the prefrontal association areas/
- ## Idea and plan for voluntary movement, thoughts and personality
What is the function of Broca’s area? Location?
- Speech formation
- Located in inferior forntal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- Lesion leads to Broca’s aphasia
- Difficulty generating written or spoken language
- No/ little difficulty with language comprehension
What is the function of the olfactory cortex?
Smell
What is the function of the limbic association cortex?
- emotions, learning, and memory
What is the role of the primary auditory cortex?
- Hearing
What is the role of the primary somatosensory cortex?
-Somaesthetic sensations and proprioception
What is the role of the sensory association areas?
- Integration of sensory information
What is the function of the visual association areas?
- Higher visual processing
Wilkommen
What is the function of Wernicke’s area ? Location?
- Language comprehension
- Lesion leads to difficulty understanding written/spoken language
- Person can generate speech but language = meaningless/ unconnected
- located in the superior temporal gyrus of fominant hemisphere
ACP
What are the different fibres of the cerebral white matter tracts?
-
Association : connect cortical areas within hemisphere (short/long association fibres)
- Named longitudinal bands ( superior longitudinal fasciculus)
2.** Commissural fibres: connect cortical areas of the two hemispheres
- corpus callosum/anterior commisure (allows coordination e.g walking)
3. Projection fibres** : connections between cortex and subcortical structures (thalamus, basal ganglia)
- internal capsule (thalamacortical fibres)
Describe the spinal cord
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves:
- **Cervical (C1-C8)
- Thoracic (T1-T12)
- Lumbar (L1-L5)
- Sacral (S1-S5)
- Coccygeal (Co1)**
- Each spinal cord segment gives rise to one pair of segmental spinal nerves
- SC continous cranially with the medulla oblongata and terminates caudally as the conus medulllaris around L1/L2 vertebral level
Look like strings
What is the function of ventral rootets?
- Carry axons of the somatic morot neurons, sympathetic neurons (T1-L1/2) spinal nerves only and parasympahetic neurons (S2-S4 spinal nerves only)
What is the function of the dorsal (posterior) rootlets and dorsal root?
- They contain the central processeses of pseudo-unipolar somatic sensory neurons and visceral afferent (sensory) neurons
- Join with ventral roots to form a spinal nerve
