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Histology Principles > Anatomy of the Cell - Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Cell - Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of common to all eukaryotic cells.

A 
Cellular Membrane 
Cytosol 
Cytoskeleton 
Membrane Bound Organelles 
Inclusion
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2
Q

What is the Cytosol?

A

A solution of proteins and electrolytes and carbohydrates

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3
Q

What does the cytoskeleton consists of?

A
  1. Thin filaments
  2. Intermediate filament
  3. Microtubules
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4
Q

What is the purpose of the Cytoskeleton?

A

Determines the shape and fluidity of the cell.

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5
Q

What is the Plasmalemma?

A

The Cell Membrane

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6
Q

Describe the polarity of the Membrane?

A

It is amphipathic phospholipid bilayer

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7
Q

What is the arrangement of the phospholipids in the bilayer?

A

The hydrophilic heads are on the outer region.

The hydrophobic fatty acid chains face towards the middle of the two layers

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8
Q

What do embedded protein act as in the Membrane?

A
  1. Receptor channels
  2. Transporters
  3. Enzymes
  4. Cell attachment proteins
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9
Q

What is the membrane considered (e.g. solid, liquid, gas) ?

A

The cell membrane is a fluid
It can change it shape easily
Membrane proteins can diffuse laterally in the cell.

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10
Q

What is the membrane highly permeable to?

A
  1. Water
  2. Oxygen
  3. Small hydrophobic molecules
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11
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

A

Energy production

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12
Q

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Protein Synthesis

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13
Q

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Cholesterol/lipid synthesis and detoxification

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14
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Modification and packaging

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15
Q

What are the functions of Lysosomes?

A

Hydrolytic enzyme for intracellular digestion

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16
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus?

A

Genetic Code stored here

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17
Q

What are Microfilaments made from?

A

Composed of Actin

18
Q

What is the structure of Intermediate Filaments?

A

6 main proteins

19
Q

What is the function of Intermediate filaments?

A
  • Bind to the plasmalemma

* Used for structure

20
Q

What are Microtubules composed of?

A

Compose of two tubulin proteins

21
Q

Where do Microtubules originate from?

A

The centrosome

22
Q

What is the function of the Microtubules ?

A

Serve as a motorway to transport material with the aid of dynein and kinesin.

23
Q

What is Kinesin?

A

Kinesin is an ATPase that moves towards the cell membrane

24
Q

What is Dynein?

A

Dynein is an ATPase that moves towards cell centre.

25
Q

What is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Perinuclear Cistern

26
Q

What is Euchromatin?

A

Euchromatin - DNA that is actively undergoing transcription.

27
Q

What is Heterochromatin?

A

Heterochromatin, DNA condensed and not undergoing transcription.

28
Q

Where are Ribosomes formed?

A

The Nucleolus

29
Q

Describe Protein synthesis in the R.E.R?

A
  • Free ribosome attaches to mRNA
  • If ER signal sequence is present growing peptide is inserted into a pore in the ER
  • Growing peptide forms in the ER
  • Ribosomes detaches (most proteins then enter SER)
30
Q

What is the purpose of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Modification and packaging of the macromolecules

31
Q

What is the function of the S.E.R ?

A

Important role in the synthesis of lipids

32
Q

What face do vesicles arrive on the golgi?

A

The Cis Fce

33
Q

What face do the Vesicles leave the golgi from?

A

The Trans face

34
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

A

Generation of ATP
Synthesis of Lipids
Play a role in cell death

35
Q

What are the types of Intracellular junctions?

A

Occulding Junctions
Anchoring Junctions
Communicating Junctions

36
Q

What is the fucntion of an Occulding Junction?

A

Links cell together to form a diffusion barrier

37
Q

Where are Occudling junctions found?

A

Focal regions of close apposition between cells

38
Q

What are the functions of Anchoring Junctions ?

A

Provide Mechanical strength

39
Q

What are the three types of anchoring junctions?

A

Adherent Junctions
Desmosomes
Hemi-Desmosomes

40
Q

What is the function of a Communicating Junction?

A

Allow movement of ions between cells

-Found in smooth muscle/cardiac muscle

Histology Principles (3 decks)

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