Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Principles - Histology > Anatomy of the cell > Flashcards

Anatomy of the cell Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cytoskeleton do?

A

Determines the shape and fluidity of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cytoskeleton made of?

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are inclusions?

A

Structures within the cytoplasm which may or may not be bound by a membrane
They have been synthesised by the cell itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is another name for the cell membrane?

A

The plasmalemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does amphipathic mean?

A

Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which end of phospholipid molecules is at the surface and which faces toward the middle?

A

Surface - hydrophilic head

Middle - hydrophobic fatty acid chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do the terms exocytose and endocytose mean?

A

to exit and enter the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is the cell membrane fluid?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cell membrane permeable to?

A

Water
Oxygen
Small hydrophobic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cell membrane almost impermeable to?

A

Charged ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is imbedded in the cell membrane?

A

Integral and peripheral proteins

Cholesteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between organelles and inclusions?

A

Organelles are essential to life

Inclusions are dispensable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are microfilaments composed of?

A

Actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which are the smallest filaments?

A

Microfilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What makes microfilaments dynamic?

A

They can be assembled and later dissociate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do intermediate filaments do?

A

Bind intracellular elements together and to the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Can microtubules be assembled and disassembled?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are microtubules composed of?

A

Tubulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do microtubules originate from?

A

Centrosome/MTOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are microtubules polar?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which proteins attach to microtubules?

A

Dynein

Kinesin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do microtubules lead to cell locomotion?

A

Dynein and kinesin attatch to microtubules
They move along the mictotubules
They associate with the membranes of organelles and vesicles
Then drag them along the microtubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is kinesin and where does it move towards?

A

ATPase

Cell periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is dynein and where does it move towards?

A

ATPase

Cell centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does the centrosome have at its centre?
A pair of organelles called centrioles composed of microtubules
26
What is the nucleus enclosed by?
Nuclear envelope
27
What is the nuclear envelope composed of?
Inner and outer nucleus membrane | Nuclear pores
28
What is the function of the nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope?
To provide continuity with the cytoplasm
29
What is between the sheets of the nuclear envelope?
Perinuclear cistern
30
What is the perinuclear cistern continuous with?
The endoplasmic reticulum
31
What is the outer nuclear membrane studded with?
Ribosomes
32
What is the location of RNA synthesis>
The nucleus
33
Where are mRNA, tRNA and rRNA transcribed?
m and t - nucleus | r - nucleolus
34
What is the nucleolus?
A dense area within the nucleus
35
What is euchromatin and where is it found?
DNA more dispersed and undergoing transcription | Nucleus
36
What is heterochromatin and where is it found?
DNA that is condensed and not undergoing transcription | Nucleus
37
What are ribosomes involves with?
Protein synthesis
38
What is the composition of ribosomes?
Small subunit to bind RNA | Large subunit to catalyse the formation of peptide bonds
39
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
A network of interconnecting membrane-bound compartments
40
Which type of ER is studded with Ribosomes?
Rough
41
What does rough ER do?
Plays a role in the synthesis of proteins to be inserted into membranes or for secretion
42
How are ribosomes and the rough ER involved in protein synthesis?
Ribosome attaches to mRNA If ER signal peptide sequence is present, growing peptide is inserted into pore in ER Growing peptide forms in ER, signal sequence removed Ribosome detaches and completed protein moves into smooth ER
43
What does smooth ER do?
Continues processing proteins produces in the rough ER | Site of synthesis of lipids
44
Do most cells have a large or small amount of smooth ER?
Small
45
What is the Golgi apparatus composed of?
A group of flattened, membrane bound cisternae
46
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies and packages macromolecules that were synthesised in the ER
47
How does the Golgi apparatus modify macromolecules?
Adds sugars Cleaves some proteins Sorts macromolecules into vesicles
48
What do mitochondria do?
Generate ATP | Synthesise certain lipids and proteins
49
What are intercellular junctions?
Specialised membrane structures which link individual cells together into one unit
50
Where are intercellular junctions particularly prominent?
Epithelia
51
What are the three types of intercellular junctions?
Occluding Anchoring Communicating
52
What do occluding junctions do?
Link cells to form a diffusion barrier
53
What do occluding junctions look like?
A focal region of close apposition between adjacent cell membranes
54
What are occluding junctions also known as?
Tight junctions | Zonula occludens
55
What do anchoring junctions so?
Link submembrane actin bundles of adjacent cells, leaving a small gap
56
What are anchoring junctions also known as?
Zonula adherens
57
What do desmosomes do?
Link submemnrane intermediate filaments of adjacent cells
58
What are desmosomes also known as?
Macula adherens
59
Where are desmosomes commonly found?
Skin
60
What is a junctional complex?
A close association of several types of junction found in epithelial tissues
61
What do communicating junctions do?
Allow selective diffusion of molecules between cells
62
What are communicating junctions also known as?
Gap junctions
63
In what three ways can material move across the cell membrane?
Diffusion Transport proteins Vesicular transport
64
What is vesicular transport?
Movement of material across the cell membrane by incorporation into vesicles
65
What are two types of vesicular transport?
Endocytosis | Phagocytosis
66
What is endocytosis?
The cell membrane invaginates, fuses and the newly made endocytotic vesicle (endoscope) buds into the cell
67
What is phagocytosis?
Phagocytes recognise non self antigens They bind to cell surface Then engulf cell and digest the cell

Principles - Histology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions