Anatomy of the Cell

Question 1

What is the cell?

Answer 1

basic structural unit of all living organisms

Question 2

What percentage of the cell is water?

Answer 2

80% or 75-85% range

Question 3

What percentage of the cell is protein?

Answer 3

15% or 10-20% range

Question 4

What percentage of the cell is lipid?

Answer 4

2.5% or 2-3%

Question 5

What percentage of the cell is carbohydrate?

Answer 5

1.5%

Question 6

What percentage of the cell is inorganic?

Answer 6

1%

Question 7

Comparing embryonic cells to old cells which has most water?

Answer 7

embryonic

Question 8

What is the plasmalemma?

Answer 8

bimolecular layer of amphipathic phospholipid molecules

Question 9

Describe head and tail of plasmalemma building block

Answer 9

hydrophilic polar head, hydrophobic non-polar tail

Question 10

What are the two names given to structures inside a cell?

Answer 10

organelles or inclusions

Question 11

What are organelles? Give 2 examples

Answer 11

small intracellular organs. Essential to life. Mitochondria, nucleus

Question 12

What are inclusions?

Answer 12

components that have been synthesised by the cell itself or taken up from extracellular environment

Question 13

Give the 3 main classes of filament

Answer 13

microfilament, intermediate filament and microtubules. These make up cytoskeleton

Question 14

What is the nucleus enclosed by?

Answer 14

nuclear envelope

Question 15

The nucleus contains what and is the site of what?

Answer 15

contains chromosomes and is the site of RNA synthesis

Question 16

tRNA and mRNA are transcribed where?

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

rRNA is transcribed where?

Answer 17

nucleolus

Question 18

What are the two types of chromatin the nucleus contains?

Answer 18

euchromatin (white) heterochromatin (black)

Question 19

What does RER play a vital role in?

Answer 19

protein synthesis and initiation of glycoprotein formtion

Question 20

SER plays a vital role in what?

Answer 20

continuing processing of protein and synthesis of lipids

Question 21

What is the function of the Golgi cisterns?

Answer 21

modification and packaging of macromolecules that were made in the ER

Question 22

List 4 main components of mitochondria

Answer 22

outer membrane, inner membrane, cristae, matrix

Question 23

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 23

generation of ATP, synthesis of lipids and proteins

Question 24

Name the 3 main types of intercellular junction.

Answer 24

occluding, anchoring and communicating

Question 25

What do occluding junctions do?

Answer 25

link cells to prevent diffustion

Question 26

What are occluding junctions alternatively called?

Answer 26

zonula occludens

Question 27

What do anchoring junctions do?

Answer 27

provide mechanical strength

Question 28

What do communicating junctions do?

Answer 28

allow movement of molecules between cells

Question 29

What is a junctional complex?

Answer 29

close association of several types of junction often found in epithelial tissue

Question 30

What is endocytosis

Answer 30

extracellular material can be incorporated into the cell

Question 31

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 31

bacteria or large particular material can be incorporated into cell from extracellular environment