Anatomy of the Cell Flashcards
What is the cell?
basic structural unit of all living organisms
What percentage of the cell is water?
80% or 75-85% range
What percentage of the cell is protein?
15% or 10-20% range
What percentage of the cell is lipid?
2.5% or 2-3%
What percentage of the cell is carbohydrate?
1.5%
What percentage of the cell is inorganic?
1%
Comparing embryonic cells to old cells which has most water?
embryonic
What is the plasmalemma?
bimolecular layer of amphipathic phospholipid molecules
Describe head and tail of plasmalemma building block
hydrophilic polar head, hydrophobic non-polar tail
What are the two names given to structures inside a cell?
organelles or inclusions
What are organelles? Give 2 examples
small intracellular organs. Essential to life. Mitochondria, nucleus
What are inclusions?
components that have been synthesised by the cell itself or taken up from extracellular environment
Give the 3 main classes of filament
microfilament, intermediate filament and microtubules. These make up cytoskeleton
What is the nucleus enclosed by?
nuclear envelope
The nucleus contains what and is the site of what?
contains chromosomes and is the site of RNA synthesis
tRNA and mRNA are transcribed where?
Nucleus
rRNA is transcribed where?
nucleolus
What are the two types of chromatin the nucleus contains?
euchromatin (white) heterochromatin (black)
What does RER play a vital role in?
protein synthesis and initiation of glycoprotein formtion
SER plays a vital role in what?
continuing processing of protein and synthesis of lipids
What is the function of the Golgi cisterns?
modification and packaging of macromolecules that were made in the ER
List 4 main components of mitochondria
outer membrane, inner membrane, cristae, matrix
What is the function of mitochondria
generation of ATP, synthesis of lipids and proteins
Name the 3 main types of intercellular junction.
occluding, anchoring and communicating
