Anatomy Of The Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

Which brain controls primitive, basic functions?

A

Hindbrain

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2
Q

Which part of the brain is the Medulla?

A

Hindbrain

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3
Q

Where is the Pons?

A

Hindbrain, just above the Medulla

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4
Q

Where is the Cerebellum?

A

Hindbrain, at back of brainstem

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5
Q

What does the Medulla control?

A

Heart Rate & Breathing

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6
Q

What can happen if Medulla activity is surpassed?

A

Heart or respiratory failure (due to alcohol or drugs)

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7
Q

What do we also call the Medulla?

A

The neuronal motorway

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8
Q

What does the Pons do? (3)

A

Relay Centre, respiratory control & sleep regulation

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9
Q

What does the Cerebellum control? (M)

A

Movement (timing & coordination)

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10
Q

What can affect the Cerebellum?

A

Alcohol (affects timing/coordination)

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11
Q

Where is the Midbrain?

A

ABOVE the Hindbrain

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12
Q

What is the Midbrain?

A

A cluster of sensory/motor neurons

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13
Q

What does the Midbrain do?

A

It’s a relay centre for eyes and ears in particular

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14
Q

What does damage to the Midbrain do?

A

Irreversible Coma

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15
Q

What is the most important part of the Midbrain?

A

Reticular Formation

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16
Q

What is the Reticular Formation?

A

Most important part of the Midbrain, gatekeeper for information passing to the Forebrain

17
Q

What does the Reticular Formation do? 3 answers

A
  1. Gatekeeper for information
  2. Focuses attention
  3. Affects sleep states
18
Q

Where is the Forebrain?

A

Above the midbrain / the most forward part

19
Q

What is the Forebrain

A

The most evolved part which contains the entire cerebrum & several structures

20
Q

What does the Cerebrum look like?

A

Two hemispheres, left and right

21
Q

What covers the cerebrum?

A

The cortex

22
Q

What lies within the Cerebrum hemispheres?

A

Many important structures

23
Q

What is the Cortex?

A

A thin layer that covers the cerebrum, which has four lobes (F, O, P, T)

24
Q

What percentage of the human brain does the cortex make up?

A

80%

25
Q

What are the four lobes of the Cerebral Cortex?

A

Frontal, Occipital, Parietal & Temporal

26
Q

What part of the brain doesn’t exist in primitive animals such as fish?

A

The Cerebral Cortex

27
Q

Where is the Thalamus?

A

Sits above the Midbrain

28
Q

What does the Thalamus do?

A

Major relay centre for sensory information

29
Q

What does damage to the Thalamus do? (2 things)

A

Leads to loss of sensory function and potential hallucinations

30
Q

Where is the Hypothalamus?

A

In the Forebrain, at the BASE of the Thalamus (above the brainstem)

31
Q

What does the Hypothalamus control? (2)

A

HORMONES AND HOMEOSTASIS:
Emotions & Motivation - sex drive, appetite, sleep, aggression etc.

32
Q

What does the Limbic System do? (2)

A

COORDINATES BEHAVIOURS to satisfy motivational urges coming from the HYPOTHALAMUS, & is important for MEMORY.

33
Q

What is located within the Limbic System? (6)

A

Hippocampus, Amygdala, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Basal Ganglia & Cingulate Gyrus.

34
Q

Limbic System = ?

A

EMOTION (AND MEMORY)

35
Q

Hippocampus = ?

A

MEMORY

36
Q

Amygdala = ?

A

Anxious & fearful emotions

37
Q

The amygdala and hippocampus are…?

A

Interconnected / next to each other

38
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Hormone-secreting gland that sits just below the Hypothalamus