Anatomy of the brain

Question 1

Lobes of the brain

Answer 1

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

Question 2

A = Orbit
B = Sphenoid Sinus
C = Temporal Lobe
D = Mastoid Air Cells
E = Cerebellum

Answer 2

A = Orbit
B = Sphenoid Sinus
C = Temporal Lobe
D = Mastoid Air Cells
E = Cerebellum

Question 3

A = Falx Cerebri
B = Frontal Lobe
C = Lateral Ventricle
D = Third Ventricle
E = Cerebellum

Answer 3

A = Falx Cerebri
B = Frontal Lobe
C = Lateral Ventricle
D = Third Ventricle
E = Cerebellum

Question 4

B = Calcified Choroid Plexus

Answer 4

B = Calcified Choroid Plexus

Question 5

A = Falx Cerebri
B = Sulcus
C = Gyrus
at the top of the brain scan

Answer 5

A = Falx Cerebri
B = Sulcus
C = Gyrus

Question 6

Types of stroke

Answer 6

Haemorrhagic stroke is a type of brain bleed. Ischaemic stroke is where there is a blockage of blood supply

Question 7

What is a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)

Answer 7

Similar presentation to stroke – “mini-stroke”
Unlike stroke, symptoms resolve quickly, usually within minutes but definitely lasting less than 24 hours
Can be a warning sign of an acute stroke in the near future

Question 8

Risk factors for stroke

Answer 8

Age
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Atrial Fibrillation
Diabetes

Question 9

Treating Ischaemic Stroke

Answer 9

Thrombolysis
Clot-busting medication (e.g. Alteplase)
Started as soon as possible after stroke occurs (essential within 4.5 hours of onset of symptoms)

Thrombectomy
Surgical procedure to remove blood clots
Large arteries

Future anticoagulation therapy

Question 10

Treating Haemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 10

Immediate emergency care;
Control the bleeding into the brain tissue
Drugs to reduce blood pressure or slow down the bleeding
Drugs to counteract blood thinners

Surgical treatment;
Not always essential
To repair ruptured blood vessel
To relieve pressure caused by bleeding and swelling

Question 11

Frontal lobe stroke effects

Answer 11

Personality changes
Loss of Inhibitions
Losing interest in life
Difficulty with organising
Irritability
Aggression
Weakness face/body
Difficulty walking
Loss of sense of smell
Problems with your sight or speech

Question 12

Temporal lobe stroke effects

Answer 12

Forgetting words
Difficulty finding words
Short term memory loss
Fits associated with strange feelings, smells or déjà vu
Hearing voices in your head

Question 13

Parietal lobe stroke effects

Answer 13

Difficulty speaking or understanding what is said to you

Problems with reading or writing

Loss of feeling in part of the body

Question 14

Occipital lobe stroke effects

Answer 14

Sight problems or loss of vision on one side

Question 15

Cerebellum stroke effects

Answer 15

Poor coordination
Uncontrolled movement of the eyes
Sickness
Neck stiffness
Dizziness

Question 16

Brain stem function

Answer 16

Regulates body temperature, heart, swallowing, breathing

Question 17

Frontal lobe function

Answer 17

Thinking, planning, problem solving, emotions, behavioural control, decision making

Question 18

Parietal lobe function

Answer 18

Perception, object classification, spelling, knowledge of numbers, visuospacial processing

Question 19

Occipital lobe function

Answer 19

Vision, visual processing, colour identification

Question 20

Temporal lobe function

Answer 20

memory, understanding language, facial recognition, hearing, vision, speech, emotion

Question 21

Cerebellum function

Answer 21

Gross and fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, balance

Question 22

Normal Variants relating to brain imaging

Answer 22

Calcified choroid plexus
Calcified Pineal Gland
Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles

Question 23

What is the Cerebral cortex?

Answer 23

The outermost layer of the brain containing gray matter, responsible for many “higher-order” functions like language and information processing.

Question 24

Functional anatomy areas of the brain

Answer 24

Prefrontal cortex
Motor association cortex
Primary motor cortex
Primary somatosensory cortex
Sensory association cortex
Visual Association Area
Visual cortex
Wernicke`s area
Auditory association area
Auditory cortex
Speech center

Question 25

Primary Motor Area

Answer 25

Frontal lobe

Betz cells

Motor area of the right cerebral hemisphere controls left side of the body, and vice versa

Question 26

What is the Homunculus?

Answer 26

The sensory homunculus is a map along the cerebral cortex of where each part of the body is processed. The sensations occur all along the body. The impulses from the body will be sent into the spinal cord and eventually back to the brain to be processed.

Question 27

What is the function of Broca’s area and where is its location?

Answer 27

Motor speech

Situated in frontal lobe

Controls muscle movements associated with speech

Left hemisphere if right handed

Question 28

Sensory Areas of the Cerebral Cortex

Answer 28

Somatosensory Area

Auditory Area

Olfactory Area

Taste Area

Visual Area

Question 29

Somatosensory area

Answer 29

Main sensory area
Posterior to central sulcus
Pain, temperature, pressure and touch
Right hemisphere receives impulses from left side of the body

Question 30

Auditory Area

Answer 30

Inferior to the lateral sulcus

Temporal lobe

Receives and interprets impulses transmitted from inner ear

Hearing

Question 31

Olfactory Area

Answer 31

Smell

Temporal lobe

Impulses from the nose are received and interpreted

Impulses transmitted via the olfactory nerves

Question 32

Taste Area

Answer 32

Impulses from taste bud sensory receptors received and perceived as taste.

The insular cortex, which separates the frontal and temporal lobes, has long been thought to be the primary sensory area for taste. It also plays a role in other important functions, including visceral and emotional experience

Question 33

Visual Area

Answer 33

Posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus

Occipital lobe

Optic nerves pass from eye to Visual Cortex

Question 34

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 34

Sensory speech

Temporal Lobe

Perception of spoken word, comprehension, intelligence

Understanding of language