anatomy of the biliary tract & spleen Flashcards
what produces bile?
hepatocytes
where is bile secreted into?
canaliculi which join to enter bile ductules and ducts in the portal triad
what are ductules?
cuboidal epithelium
what are ducts?
columnar epithelium
what forms the biliary tree?
- smaller ducts continuously join together
- liver, gallbladder and pancreas secretion enter duodenum
how do the left and right hepatic ducts leave?
via the porta hepatis
what do the hepatic ducts join to form?
common hepatic ducts
what do the cystic ducts join to form?
the common bile duct
what are the key characteristics of the extra hepatic bile duct?
- duct wall now contains fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle
- meets the pancreatic duct to form the (hepatopancreatic) ampulla of Vater
- finally, the sphincter of Oddi moderates emptying into the duodenum
where is the bile duct in relation to the portal vein?
bile duct is anterior to the portal vein
where is the bile duct in relation to the hepatic artery?
bile duct is to the right of the hepatic artery
what are the functions of the gall bladder?
- store and concentrate bile
- selectively absorb bile salts
- excrete cholesterol and mucous
where is the gall bladder anatomically?
located on the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver
what are the divisions of the gall bladder?
funds, body and neck
where is the pancreas located anatomically?
posterior to the stomach
what does the pancreas do as an exocrine gland?
secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum
what does the pancreas do as an endocrine gland?
secrete hormones such as insulin
what are the divisions of the pancreas?
head, body and tail
what arteries supply the pancreas?
- splenic
- coeliac trunk
- pancreaticduodenal
what veins supply the pancreas?
pancreatic (drain into portal vein)
what nerves supply the pancreas?
- coeliac ganglia
- vagus
how does the pancreas work as part of the exocrine pathway?
- pancreatic secretion collect in small ducts
- these ducts join to for the Wirsung
- the Wirsung meets the common bile dict to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla/ampulla of Vater
- this then empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
what are the 2 main pancreatic diseases?
- pancreatitis (inflammation)
- pancreatic cancer
what are the causes of pancreatitis?
- gallstones
- high alcohol intake
- cystic fibrosis
- high levels of calcium of blood fats
what are the causes of pancreatic cancer?
- obstructive jaundice (gallstones)
- high alcohol intake
- smoking
- genetics
what are the 3 functions of the spleen?
- lymphoid organ
- blood gland
- delicate & friable
how is the spleen a lymphoid organ?
has an immune role
how does the spleen function as a blood gland?
- removes old blood cells
- stores platelets
- produces blood cells during foetal life
how is the spleen composed?
- surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
- the inner portion is known as parenchyma which contains red and white pulp
what is red pulp?
blood filled sinuses
what is white pulp?
lymphatic tissue
what are the key features of visceral pain?
- pain felt from organs
- poorly localised in comparison to somatic pain
- due to innervation of structures: somatic vs autonomic innervation
- described as dull, aching, pressure
- cause of referred pain: where pain is felt in a different location to where organ or structure is injured
