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module 104 - theme 2 > anatomy of the biliary tract & spleen > Flashcards

anatomy of the biliary tract & spleen Flashcards

1
Q

what produces bile?

A

hepatocytes

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2
Q

where is bile secreted into?

A

canaliculi which join to enter bile ductules and ducts in the portal triad

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3
Q

what are ductules?

A

cuboidal epithelium

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4
Q

what are ducts?

A

columnar epithelium

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5
Q

what forms the biliary tree?

A
  • smaller ducts continuously join together

- liver, gallbladder and pancreas secretion enter duodenum

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6
Q

how do the left and right hepatic ducts leave?

A

via the porta hepatis

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7
Q

what do the hepatic ducts join to form?

A

common hepatic ducts

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8
Q

what do the cystic ducts join to form?

A

the common bile duct

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9
Q

what are the key characteristics of the extra hepatic bile duct?

A
  • duct wall now contains fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle
  • meets the pancreatic duct to form the (hepatopancreatic) ampulla of Vater
  • finally, the sphincter of Oddi moderates emptying into the duodenum
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10
Q

where is the bile duct in relation to the portal vein?

A

bile duct is anterior to the portal vein

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11
Q

where is the bile duct in relation to the hepatic artery?

A

bile duct is to the right of the hepatic artery

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12
Q

what are the functions of the gall bladder?

A
  • store and concentrate bile
  • selectively absorb bile salts
  • excrete cholesterol and mucous
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13
Q

where is the gall bladder anatomically?

A

located on the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver

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14
Q

what are the divisions of the gall bladder?

A

funds, body and neck

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15
Q

where is the pancreas located anatomically?

A

posterior to the stomach

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16
Q

what does the pancreas do as an exocrine gland?

A

secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum

17
Q

what does the pancreas do as an endocrine gland?

A

secrete hormones such as insulin

18
Q

what are the divisions of the pancreas?

A

head, body and tail

19
Q

what arteries supply the pancreas?

A
  • splenic
  • coeliac trunk
  • pancreaticduodenal
20
Q

what veins supply the pancreas?

A

pancreatic (drain into portal vein)

21
Q

what nerves supply the pancreas?

A
  • coeliac ganglia

- vagus

22
Q

how does the pancreas work as part of the exocrine pathway?

A
  • pancreatic secretion collect in small ducts
  • these ducts join to for the Wirsung
  • the Wirsung meets the common bile dict to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla/ampulla of Vater
  • this then empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
23
Q

what are the 2 main pancreatic diseases?

A
  • pancreatitis (inflammation)

- pancreatic cancer

24
Q

what are the causes of pancreatitis?

A
  • gallstones
  • high alcohol intake
  • cystic fibrosis
  • high levels of calcium of blood fats
25
Q

what are the causes of pancreatic cancer?

A
  • obstructive jaundice (gallstones)
  • high alcohol intake
  • smoking
  • genetics
26
Q

what are the 3 functions of the spleen?

A
  • lymphoid organ
  • blood gland
  • delicate & friable
27
Q

how is the spleen a lymphoid organ?

A

has an immune role

28
Q

how does the spleen function as a blood gland?

A
  • removes old blood cells
  • stores platelets
  • produces blood cells during foetal life
29
Q

how is the spleen composed?

A
  • surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

- the inner portion is known as parenchyma which contains red and white pulp

30
Q

what is red pulp?

A

blood filled sinuses

31
Q

what is white pulp?

A

lymphatic tissue

32
Q

what are the key features of visceral pain?

A
  • pain felt from organs
  • poorly localised in comparison to somatic pain
  • due to innervation of structures: somatic vs autonomic innervation
  • described as dull, aching, pressure
  • cause of referred pain: where pain is felt in a different location to where organ or structure is injured

module 104 - theme 2 (18 decks)

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