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Gastrointestinal System > Anatomy of the Anterior Abdominal Wall and the Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Anterior Abdominal Wall and the Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A

Right hypochondrium
Right flank (lumbar)
Right inguinal (groin, iliac)
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric (pubic)
Left hypochondrium
Left flank (lumbar)
Left inguinal (groin, iliac)

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2
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant

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3
Q

What is the L1/2 plane?

A

Transpyloric plane

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4
Q

What is the L4/5 plane?

A

Intertubercular plane

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5
Q

What are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Skin
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
Muscles
Fascia transevarsalis
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

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6
Q

What are the components of the superficial fascia?

A

Fatty layer: Camper’s fascia
Membranous layer: Scarpa fascia

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7
Q

What are the different muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus

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8
Q

What are the layers of the skin of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue
Muscle

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9
Q

What are the Langer’s skin lines?

A

They indicate the predominant direction of collagen fiber bundles in the dermis

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10
Q

What is the relation between lacerations/cuts and Langer’s skin lines?

A

Incision or laceration running parallel to the Langer’s lines have less tendency to gape than those crossing them

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11
Q

Which muscle is associated with the fatty layer of the superficial fascia?

A

Darto’s muscle

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12
Q

Which fascia is associated with the Scarpa’s fascia?

A

Colles’ fascia

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13
Q

What is the deep fascia of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

A thin layer of connective tissue covering the muscles

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14
Q

What is the deep fascia in the limbs like?

A

It forms a complete investment to the muscles and is fused with the periosteum over the subcutaneous surfaces of the bones

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15
Q

What are the components of the external oblique?

A

Superficial inguinal ring
External spermatic fascia
Inguinal ligament

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16
Q

What is the point of origin of the external oblique muscle?

A

Lower eight ribs

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17
Q

What are the different insertion points of the external oblique muscles?

A

Xiphoid process
Linea alba
Pubic symphysis, crest, and tubercule
The anterior half of the ileac crest, including ASIS

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18
Q

What is ASIS?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine, bony projection of the iliac bone

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19
Q

What are the components of the internal oblique?

A

Cremaster muscle
Conjoint tendon

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20
Q

What are the points of origin of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament

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21
Q

What are the insertion points of the internal muscle?

A

Xiphoid process
Linea alba
Pubic crest (via conjoint tendon)
Lower three ribs and costal cartilages

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22
Q

What are the origin points of the transversus?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Lower six costal cartilages
Lateral 1/3 of the inguinal ligament

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23
Q

What are the insertion points of the transversus muscle?

A

Xiphoid process
Linea alba
Pubic crest (via conjoint tendon)

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24
Q

What connects the internal oblique and the transversus?

A

Conjoint tendon

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25
Q

What are the origin points of the rectus abdominis?

A

Symphysis pubis
Pubic crest

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26
Q

What are the insertion points of rectus abdominis?

A

Xiphoid process
5th, 6th and 7th costal cartilages

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27
Q

Is the rectus sheath above or below the connective muscle?

A

Above the costal margin

28
Q

What are the components of the rectus sheath?

A

Aponeurosis of the external oblique
Thoracic wall

29
Q

What are the structures between the costal margin and the level of ASIS?

A

Externa oblique aponeuphrosis + anterior 1/2 internal oblique aponeuphrosis

Posterior 1/2 aponeuphrosis + transversus abdominis aponeuphrosis

30
Q

What is the fascia transervalis?

A

The thin layer that lines the transversus abdominis is continuous, with a similar layer lining the diaphragm and the iliacus muscle

31
Q

What is the fascia transversalis continuous with?

A

Deep inguinal ring
Internal spermatic fascia
Femoral sheath

32
Q

What is the extraperitoneal fat?

A

A thin layer of connective tissue that contains a variable amount of fat and lies between the fascia transversalis and the parietal peritoneum

33
Q

What are the walls of the abdomen lined with?

A

Parietal peritoneum

34
Q

What are the abdominal incisions? (10)

A
  1. Upper midline
  2. Right paramedian
  3. Transverse
  4. Nephrectomy
  5. Subcostal
  6. Gridiron
  7. Left iliac
  8. Lower midline
  9. Suprapubic
  10. Laparoscopic ports
35
Q

What are the main arteries of the abdominal wall?

A

Internal thoracic artery
External iliac artery
Thoracic artery
Abdominal aorta

36
Q

What are the associated branches of the internal thoracic artery?

A

Superior epigastric artery

37
Q

What are the associated branches of the external iliac aretry?

A

Inferior epigatsric artrey
Deep circumflex iliac artery

38
Q

What are the associated branches of the thoracic aorta?

A

Lower two posterior intercostal arteries

39
Q

What are the associated branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

Four lumbar arteries

40
Q

Where does the superior epigastric vein drain?

A

Internal thoracic vein

41
Q

Where do the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac veins drain?

A

External iliac vein

42
Q

Which veins drain into the azygous veins?

A

Lower two posterior intercostal veins

43
Q

Which veins drain into the inferior vena cava?

A

The four lumbar veins

44
Q

What is the network of veins around the umbilicous?

A

Great saphenous vein
Superficial epigatsric vein
Lateral thoracic vein
Paraumbilical veins

45
Q

Where do the great saphenous and superficial epigastric veins drain?

A

Femoral vein

46
Q

Where does the lateral thoracic vein drain?

A

Axillary vein

47
Q

Where do the paraumbilical veins drain?

A

Portal vein

48
Q

What are the superficial lymph vessels of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Anterior and Posterior

49
Q

What are the divisions of the anterior superficial lymph vessels?

A

Above and below the umbilicus

50
Q

Where do the lymph nodes above the umbilicus drain?

A

Anterior axillary nodes

51
Q

What are the divisions of the posterior superficial lymph vessels?

A

Above and below the iliac crests

52
Q

WHere do the posterior superficial lymph vessels above the iliac crest drain?

A

Posterior axillary nodes

53
Q

Where do the lymph vessels below the umbilicus and the iliac crests drain?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

54
Q

What are the deep lymph vessels?

A

Internal thoracic nodes
External iliac nodes
Posterior mediastinal nodes
Para-aortic (lumbar) nodes

55
Q

What are the nerves of the of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

First lumbar nerve
Lower six thoracic nerves

56
Q

What are the nerves associated with the first lumbar nerve?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve

57
Q

What do the ilioinguinal nerve and the iliohypogastric nerve supply?

A

Skin above inguinal ligament & symphysis pubis

58
Q

What are the lower 6 thoracic nerves?

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7 - 11)
Subcostal nerve

59
Q

Which area does the subcostal nerve supply?

A

Pyramidalis

60
Q

Which areas do the thoracoabdominal nerves supply?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis

61
Q

What does bony part of the posteror abdominal wall form?

A

Lumbar vertebrae
Twelfth pair of ribs
Ilium

62
Q

What are the layers of posterior abdominal wall?

A

Bony part
Muscles
Part of the diaphgram

63
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Transversus abdominis
Iliacus

64
Q

What muscles make up the Iliopsoas?

A

Psoas major
Iliacus

65
Q
A

Gastrointestinal System (29 decks)

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