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Speech Anatomy COMD 320 > Anatomy of Respiration > Flashcards

Anatomy of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Name of C1

A

Atlas

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2
Q

Name of C2

A

Axis

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3
Q

Characteristics of Thoracic Vertebrae

Body, Spinous Process, Intervertebral Foramen, Transverse Process

A

Body: larger than cervical, heart shape
Spinous Process: long and sharp
Intervertebral foramen: Circular
Transverse process: no foramen, facets for ribs

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4
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae Characteristics

Body, Spinous Process, Intervertebral Foramen, Transverse Process

A

Body: much larger and kidney shaped
Spinous Process: Short and Blunt
Intervertebral Foramen: Triangular
Transverse Process: Thin and Tapered

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5
Q

Why are lumbar vertebrae larger?

A

To facilitate a weight-bearing function

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6
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae

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7
Q

Coccyx

A

3-5 fused vertebrae

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8
Q

Cervical Curve Development

A

3-4 months of age or when infant starts to lift head and to sit up

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9
Q

Typical Lumbar Curve Development

A

1 year of age or when the baby starts to walk

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10
Q

Kyphosis

A

Excessive curving of the spine, producing a rounded or “humped” upper back, a type of spinal disorder often associated with scoliosis or lordosis; once popularly called humpback. In adults often related to osteoporosis (bone weakening from calcium loss), in children kyphosis more often results from injury, a tumor on the spine, or a genetic disorder, such as Hunter syndrome, or spina bifida.

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11
Q

Lordosis (hyperlordosis):

A

Excessive curving of the lower spine, a type of spinal disorder often associated with scoliosis and/or kyphosis; sometimes popularly called swayback. In adults often related to osteoporosis (bone weakening from calcium loss), in children kyphosis more often results from injury, a tumor on the spine, or a genetic disorder, and can be exaggerated by poor posture.

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12
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, in excessive cases becoming almost S-shaped, a type of spinal disorder commonly associated with lordosis and/or kyphosis. Most people have some amount of irregular curvature in the spine; perhaps one in ten has a curvature of at least 10 degrees. Curvature of 10-20 degrees is labeled mild, less than that, simply “postural variation.” Scoliosis often appears in childhood or adolescence, in infancy in more boys than girls, but by school age in both sexes.

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13
Q

3 Types of Ribs and #’s

A

True: 1-7; direct attachment to sternum.

False: 8-10; attached through superior directed chondral.

Floating: 11-12; do not attach to sternum.

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14
Q

Bronchial Tree is made up of

A 
Trachea, Carina, Mainstem Bronchus
Secondary Bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi
...
Bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole
Alveolar Duct
Alveolus

It can branch up to 28 times

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15
Q

Primary Muscle of Inspiration

A

Diaphragm

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16
Q

Diaphragm Attachments

A

-Ensiform process
•Ribs 7 – 12
•Right crus @ L4
•Left crus @ L3

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17
Q

External Intercostal

A

-Attachment from inferior surface of ribs 1-11 to superior surface of the next rib lower

●Courses down and in

●Function is to elevate ribcage

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18
Q

Internal Intercostal (Interchondral Portion)

A

●Attachment from inferior surface of ribs 1-11 to superior surface of the next rib lower

●Courses down and out

●Function is to elevate ribcage

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19
Q

Cervical Vertebrae Characteristics

Body, spinous process, intervertebral foramen, transverse process

A

Body: small and wide side to side
Spinous Process: Short and Bifid
Intervertebral Foramen: Triangular
Transverse Process: Contain Foramen

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20
Q

Levator Costarum Brevis

A

-Attachment from transverse process of C7-T11 to the rib below

●Courses down and out

●Function is to elevate ribs 1-12

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21
Q

Levator Costarum Longis

A

●Attachment from transverse process of T7-T10, bypassing the rib below to attach to the next rib
●Courses down and out

●Function is to elevate ribs 9-12

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22
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

●Attachment from spinous process of C7, T1-T3 to ribs 2-5

●Courses down and out

●Function is to elevate ribs 2-5

23
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

-Attachment from mastoid process to clavicle and sternum

●Courses down and in

●Primary function is to turn the head

●Secondary function is to elevate sternum and ribcage, thus origin and insertion change depending on the function

24
Q

Scalenus Anterior

A

Attachment from transverse process of C3-C6 to Rib 1

25
Q

Scalenus Medius

A

Attachment from transverse process of C2-C7 to rib 1

26
Q

Scalenus Posterior

A

Attachment from transverse process C5-C7 to rib 2

27
Q

Function of Scalenes

A

Raise the rib to which it is attached

28
Q

Trapezius

A

-Attachment from spinous process of C2 – T12 to scapula and clavicle

●Courses down and in

●Respiratory function is to stabilize the upper body, neck and head

29
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Attachment from ribs 2-5 to scapula

30
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Attachment from sternum/clavicle to humerus

31
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Attachment ribs 1-9 to scapula

32
Q

Subclavius

A

Attachment rib 1 to clavicle

33
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Attachment from scapula to transverse process of C1-C4

34
Q

Rhomboideus Minor

A

Attachment from scapula to spinous process of C7 and T1

35
Q

Rhomboideus Major

A

Attachment from scapula to spinous process of T2-T5

36
Q

Forces of Passive expiration

A

Gravity
Torque
Elasticity

37
Q

Internal Intercostal (interosseous portion)

A

Attachment from ribs 1-11 to the rib below.

Courses down and out

38
Q

Intermost Intercostal

A

●Attachment from ribs 1-11 to the rib below
●Courses down and out
●Deepest of intercostal muscles

  • Function is to depress the ribcage
39
Q

Transversus Thoracis

A

-Attachment from sternum to chondral portion of ribs 2-6 to the rib below
●Courses outward
●Function is to depress the ribcage

40
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

-Attachment from spinous process of T11, T12, L1-L3 to the lower margin of ribs 8 - 12
●Courses down and in
●Depress the ribcage

41
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

-Attachment from spinous process of lower thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae to the humerus
●Fanlike course
●Helps stabilize the abdominal wall

42
Q

Subcostals

A

-Found on the inner posterior wall of the thoracic cavity, often opposite and parallel to the internal intercostals
●Highly variable anatomic structure and attachments
●Depress thoracic cavity

43
Q

Number of Neurons in the CNS

A

15 Billion

44
Q

L Dopa

A

Drug used to treat Parkinson’s Disease

45
Q

Percent of Serotonin found in the PNS

A

95%

46
Q

Number of Neuroglia compared to Number of Neurons

A

40-50 times more neuroglia than neurons

47
Q

First layer of Brain Protective System

A

Scalp

48
Q

Second layer of brain protective system

A

Skull

49
Q

third layer of brain protection

A

Dura Mater

50
Q

4th layer of Brain Protection

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

51
Q

5ht layer

A

CSF

52
Q

6th Layer

A

add term

53
Q

ADL’s

A

Activities of Daily Living

Speech Anatomy COMD 320 (3 decks)

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