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FoM > anatomy of nervous system > Flashcards

anatomy of nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what does somatic mean

A

in relation to the body walls

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2
Q

what does viscera mean

A

in relation to the body itself (e.g. its organs)

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3
Q

What does efferent mean

A

in relation to fibres, away from the CNS exiting the spinal cord towards the periphery

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4
Q

what does afferent mean

A

in relation to fibres, towards the CNS entering the spinal cord

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5
Q

what four things can the nervous system broken down into

A

autonomic
somatic
central
peripheral

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6
Q

describe what is meant by the peripheral nervous system

A

including the cranial and spinal nerves

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7
Q

describe what is meant by the central nervous system

A

including the brain and spine

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8
Q

describe what is meant by the autonomic nervous system

A 
the involuntary system
involves viscera (cardiac and smooth muscle)
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9
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system divide into, describe them

A

the autonomic motor (visceral efferent) and autonomic sensory (visceral afferent)

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10
Q

what does the autonomic motor nervous system divide into, describe them

A

sympathetic (fight or flight)

parasympathetic (rest and digest)

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11
Q

describe what the autonomic somatic nervous system is

A

voluntary
targets body wall (skeletal muscle)
provides general sensation

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12
Q

what does the autonomic somatic nervous system divide into/describe them

A

motor (somatic efferent)

sensory (somatic afferent)

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13
Q

Where is the cell body of a neurone located in the CNS

A

in the nucleus

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14
Q

where is a cell body of a neurone located in the PNS

A

in the ganglion

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15
Q

Where are multipolar neurones found & what are they

A

in the somatic and autonomic nervous system

they are motor/efferent

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16
Q

where are pseudounipolar neurones found & what are they

A

in the somatic and autonomic nervous system

they are sensory/afferent

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17
Q

define gyrus

A

ridge in the brain

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18
Q

define sulcus

A

a cleft or groove in the brain

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19
Q

define central sulcus

A

important landmark in the brain, separates the frontal and parietal lobes

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20
Q

what is role of the central sulcus

A

controls movement

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21
Q

what is the role of the frontal lobe

A

intellect, judgement and behaviour

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22
Q

what is the role of the anterior compartment of the temporal lobe

A

memory and emotion

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23
Q

what is the role of the posterior compartment of the temporal lobe

A

hearing

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24
Q

what is the role of the occipital lobe

A

vision

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25
Q

what is the role of the parietal lobe

A

perception of sensation

26
Q

Name the parts of the midbrain

A

brain stem
corpus callosum
cerebellum

27
Q

what is the role of the brain stem

A

contain the centres for vital life, cranial nerves arise from here

28
Q

what is the role of the cerebellum

A

fine control of movement, balance and coordination

29
Q

what is the role of the corpus callosum

A

conveys messages between the right and left hemispheres

30
Q

what are ventricles in the brain

A

spaces, contain cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

how many ventricles in the brain

A

four

32
Q

what are meninges

A

coverings of the brain

33
Q

what are the three meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

34
Q

what is the dura mater

A 
first layer of meninges
tough & solid
covers the entire surface
separates the cerebellum & cerebrum
in vertebral canal space called extra dura/epidural space exists outside the due mater
35
Q

what is the arachnoid mater

A

next layer after dura mater

beneath this layer you have the subarachnoid space which contains vasculature and CSF

36
Q

what is the Pia mater

A

more closely associated with the brain and spinal cord

37
Q

where does the spinal cord begin

A

at the foramen magnum

38
Q

what is the cauda equina

A

where the spinal cord ends (L1/L2)
rootlets of spinal nerves
hangs like a horses tail

39
Q

what does white matter contain

A

axons (conducting system of spinal cord

40
Q

what does grey matter contain

A

axons, dendrites and cell bodies

41
Q

in the somatic nervous system how many neurones are there between the CNS and effector/receptor

A

one

42
Q

Where do somatic sensory neurones end

A

in the dorsal horn

43
Q

where do somatic motor neurones start

A

in the ventral horn

44
Q

where does the spinal nerve pass through in the vertebral column

A

through the intervertebral foramen

45
Q

what does the spinal nerve split into

A

the ventral ramus and dorsal ramus

46
Q

describe the dorsal ramus

A

sensation from skin down the centre of the back

dorsal root has a swelling where the psuedounipolar neurones cell body is

47
Q

describe the ventral ramus

A

responsible for other musculature
larger of the two rami
can form large plexuses for limbs

48
Q

how many neurones are present between the CNS and target organ in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

two

49
Q

do you find parasympathetic fibres in the limb

A

no

50
Q

what does the vagus nerve carry and where does it arise from

A

parasympathetic fibres to the heart and majority of the gut

arises from the brainstem

51
Q

what does the pelvic sphlanchnic nerve and where does it arise from

A

carries parasympathetic fibres to the pelvic organs and distal end of the gut
arises from sacral spinal cord (S2,3,4)

52
Q

how many neurones are present between the CNS and target organ in the sympathetic nervous system

A

two

53
Q

where can you find sympathetic fibres in the body

A

in the limbs

supply muscle in blood vessels, glands, erector pilli muscles in the skin

54
Q

where do sympathetic fibres arise from

A

from T1-L2 (thoracolumbar outflow)

55
Q

where is the lateral horn present from

A

T1-L2 because that’s where sympathetic fibres come out of (thoracolumbar outflow)

56
Q

what do grey & white rami communications do

A

carry sympathetic neurones between the spinal nerve and sympathetic chain

57
Q

what is the sympathetic chain

A

vertical line of connected sympathetic ganglia (paravertebral ganglion)

58
Q

what happens if supplying sympathetic innervation to the limbs or body walls and where do they synapse

A

the sympathetic fibres have to go back up the sympathetic chain as they chain only exit through the ventral/dorsal rami
synapse at the paravertebral ganglia

59
Q

what happens if supplying sympathetic innervation to the cardio-thoracic organs and head&neck organs and glands and where do they synapse

A

goes into the sympathetic chain via the paravertebral ganglia and does not return
goes out as a sphlanchnic nerve
synapses at the paravertebral ganglia (not necessarily on the same level it started at)
called postganglionic

60
Q

what happens if supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdominopelvic organs and where do they synapse

A

synapse in the prevertebral ganglia (in front of the vertebrae)
called preganglionic

FoM (4 decks)

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