Anatomy of cardiovascular system (questions)

Question 1

Where does the superior vena cava carry blood from and to?

Answer 1

carries blood from the head, thorax and upper limbs to the heart

Question 2

Where does the inferior vena cava carry blood from and to?

Answer 2

carries blood from abdomen and lower limbs to the heart

Question 3

What does the pulmonary trunk branch into?

Answer 3

the left and right pulmonary arteries

Question 4

Where does the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary trunk) carry blood from and to?

Answer 4

from the heart to the lungs

Question 5

What is the aorta composed of

Answer 5

the ascending and descending aorta and the aortic arch

Question 6

Where does the aorta carry blood from and to

Answer 6

from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 7

What does the pulmonary circuit do

Answer 7

carries blood between the heart and the lungs

Question 8

what does the systemic circuit do

Answer 8

carries the blood between the heart and the periphery

Question 9

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the two common iliac arteries?

Answer 9

at L4

Question 10

What do the inferior phrenic arteries supply

Answer 10

supply the diaphragm

Question 11

What does the coeliac trunk/artery supply

Answer 11

the liver, stomach, abdominal oesophagus, spleen, superior duodenum, and superior pancreas

Question 12

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

Answer 12

distal duodenum, ejuno-ileum, ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon

Question 13

Where does the superior mesenteric artery arise from

Answer 13

under the coeliac trunk/artery, or at lower level of L1

Question 14

what do the middle suprarenal arteries supply

Answer 14

the adrenal glands

Question 15

what do the renal arteries supply

Answer 15

the kidneys

Question 16

what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

Answer 16

the large intestine

Question 17

where does the inferior mesenteric artery arise from

Answer 17

anteriorly at L3

Question 18

What are gonadal arteries referred to as in males/females

Answer 18

males is testicular arteries

females is ovarian arteries

Question 19

what does the median sacral artery supply

Answer 19

the coccyx, lumbar vertebrae and sacrum

Question 20

How many arteries are lumbar arteries and where do they arise from

Answer 20

four

arise posterolaterally from L1 and L4

Question 21

what do the lumbar arteries supply

Answer 21

abdominal wall and spinal cord

Question 22

what does the external carotid artery supply

Answer 22

the head and neck that are external to the cranium

Question 23

What are the six branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 23

superior thyroid artery
lingual artery
facial artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
occipital artery
posterior auricular artery
 (some ladies faint at orange peels)

Question 24

How does the internal carotid artery enter the cranial cavity? does it supply the neck at all?

Answer 24

via the carotid canal

no

Question 25

What does the internal carotid artery supply

Answer 25

the brain,eyes and forehead

Question 26

Where do the vertebral arteries originate from

Answer 26

the subclavian arteries

Question 27

How do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium

Answer 27

via the foramen magnum

Question 28

What do the vertebral arteries converge to form

Answer 28

the basilar artery

Question 29

What do the right and left subclavian arteries form together

Answer 29

the thyrocervical trunk

Question 30

What four vessels arise from the thyrocervical trunk

Answer 30

inferior thyroid artery ascending cervical artery transverse cervical artery suprascapular artery

Question 31

What does the inferior thyroid artery supply

Answer 31

the thyroid gland

Question 32

What does the ascending cervical artery supply and where does it arise from

Answer 32

the posterior prevertebral muscles | arises from the inferior thyroid artery

Question 33

what does the transverse cervical artery supply

Answer 33

the trapezius and rhomboid muscles

Question 34

What does the suprascapular artery supply

Answer 34

the posterior shoulder area

Question 35

Where does the external jugular vein drain from

Answer 35

the majority of the external face

Question 36

What does the external jugular vein drain into

Answer 36

the subclavian vein

Question 37

What two veins form the external jugular vein

Answer 37

posterior auricular vein | retromandibular vein

Question 38

What two veins drain into the external jugular vein

Answer 38

suprascapular vein | transverse cervical vein

Question 39

Where does the posterior auricular vein drain from

Answer 39

the area of the scalp that is posterior and superior to the outer ear

Question 40

Where does the retromandibular vein drain from? what is it formed by?

Answer 40

drains the face | formed by maxillary vein and superficial temporal vein

Question 41

What are the anterior jugular veins

Answer 41

paired veins that vary person to person

Question 42

What do the anterior jugular veins drain

Answer 42

anterior aspect of the neck

Question 43

How do the anterior jugular veins communicate

Answer 43

via the jugular venous arch

Question 44

What do the anterior jugular veins drain into

Answer 44

the subclavian vein

Question 45

Where does the internal jugular vein begin

Answer 45

in the cranial cavity

Question 46

Where does the internal jugular vein exit the skull

Answer 46

via the jugular foramen

Question 47

What does the internal jugular vein combine with to form the brachiocephalic vein

Answer 47

the subclavian vein

Question 48

Where does the internal jugular vein receive blood from

Answer 48

``` facial vein lingual vein occipital vein superior thyroid vein middle thyroid vein ```

Question 49

What is a dural venous sinus

Answer 49

space between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater lined by epithelial cells

Question 50

Name the five dural venous sinuses

Answer 50

``` superior sagittal sinus inferior sagittal sinus straight sinus transverse sinus sigmoid sinus ```

Question 51

Where does the dural venous sinuses collect blood from and where do they drain into

Answer 51

collect blood from bony areas of skull and brain | drain into internal jugular vein

Question 52

Where is the subclavian vein located

Answer 52

under the clavicle

Question 53

When does the subclavian vein/artery become the axillary

Answer 53

when it enters the armpit

Question 54

Where is profunda brachii

Answer 54

small deep branch (artery) around the humerous

Question 55

What does the brachial artery split into

Answer 55

the radial and ulnar arteries

Question 56

What does the radial artery go into

Answer 56

the deep palmar arch

Question 57

what does the ulnar artery go into

Answer 57

the superficial palmar arch

Question 58

Does the cephalic vein run medially or laterally? what about the basilic vein

Answer 58

cephalic vein runs laterally | basilic vein runs mediallyu

Question 59

What is the site where blood is taken from

Answer 59

the median cubital vein

Question 60

What two vessels does the median cubital vein join

Answer 60

the basilic and cephalic veins

Question 61

What are vena commitante

Answer 61

veins that accompany deep arteries tend to be multiple surround artery in a network

Question 62

what is the main artery of the lower limb

Answer 62

the femoral artery

Question 63

What is the femoral artery a continuation of

Answer 63

the external iliac artery

Question 64

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery

Answer 64

when it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle

Question 65

where is the profunda femoris artery located

Answer 65

in the femoral triangle

Question 66

where does the profunda femoris artery arise from

Answer 66

the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery

Question 67

what are the three branches of the profunda femoris artery

Answer 67

the perforating branches lateral femoral circumflex artery medial femoral circumflex artery

Question 68

What do the perforating arteries consist of

Answer 68

three of four arteries that perforate the adductor magnus

Question 69

What do the perforating arteries give blood supply to

Answer 69

the muscles in the posterior and medial thigh

Question 70

what does the lateral femoral circumflex artery wrap around and what does it supply blood to

Answer 70

the anterior lateral side of the femur | supplies blood to the lateral aspect of the thigh

Question 71

what does the medial circumflex artery wrap around and what does it supply blood to

Answer 71

wraps around posterior side of femur | supplies blood to the femurs head and neck

Question 72

where does the obturator artery arise from

Answer 72

the internal iliac artery in the pelvic region

Question 73

what does the anterior branch of the obturator artery supply

Answer 73

pectineus obturator externus adductor muscles gracilis

Question 74

what does the posterior branch of the obturator artery supply

Answer 74

some of the deep gluteal muscles

Question 75

what does the popliteal artery give rise to

Answer 75

the vehicular branches that supply the knee joint

Question 76

what is the lymphatic system

Answer 76

it monitors the body surfaces and internal fluid and reacts to potentially harmful substances

Question 77

what are the four lymphatic tissues/organs

Answer 77

tonsils thymus spleen bone marrow

Question 78

within lymph circulation, what does a majority of the body drain through

Answer 78

the lymphatic duct

Question 79

what part of the body drains via the right lymphatic duct

Answer 79

the right upper limb right side of the thorax right side of head and neck

Question 80

where is the thoracic duct located

Answer 80

between the oesophagus and the azygous vein

Question 81

where are the atrioventricular valves located

Answer 81

between the atria and the ventricles

Question 82

which side is a bicuspid atrioventricular valve and which is tricuspid

Answer 82

right is tricuspid | left is bicuspid

Question 83

where are the semilunar valves located

Answer 83

between the ventricles and the greater vessels

Question 84

how many cusps in semilunar valves

Answer 84

three

Question 85

describe atrioventricular valves

Answer 85

thin structures made of endocardium and connective tissue

Question 86

describe semilunar valves

Answer 86

endocardium and connective tissue reinforced with fibres to make sure the valves cannot turn inside out

Question 87

what is serous pericardium

Answer 87

mesothelial layer | one layer of squamous epithelial cells

Question 88

what is the layer of pericardium closest to the heart called

Answer 88

visceral pericardium

Question 89

what is the layer in between the visceral and parietal pericardium called & what does it do

Answer 89

parietal cavity | contains thin film of pericardial fluid that keeps it lubricated and moving freely

Question 90

what is the outer layer of pericardium called

Answer 90

Parietal pericardium

Question 91

what is fibrous pericardium and what does it attach to

Answer 91

dense connective tissue | attaches to the diaphragm and the parietal pericardium