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FoM > Anatomy of cardiovascular system (questions) > Flashcards

Anatomy of cardiovascular system (questions) Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the superior vena cava carry blood from and to?

A

carries blood from the head, thorax and upper limbs to the heart

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2
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava carry blood from and to?

A

carries blood from abdomen and lower limbs to the heart

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3
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk branch into?

A

the left and right pulmonary arteries

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4
Q

Where does the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary trunk) carry blood from and to?

A

from the heart to the lungs

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5
Q

What is the aorta composed of

A

the ascending and descending aorta and the aortic arch

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6
Q

Where does the aorta carry blood from and to

A

from the heart to the rest of the body

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7
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit do

A

carries blood between the heart and the lungs

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8
Q

what does the systemic circuit do

A

carries the blood between the heart and the periphery

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9
Q

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the two common iliac arteries?

A

at L4

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10
Q

What do the inferior phrenic arteries supply

A

supply the diaphragm

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11
Q

What does the coeliac trunk/artery supply

A

the liver, stomach, abdominal oesophagus, spleen, superior duodenum, and superior pancreas

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12
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

distal duodenum, ejuno-ileum, ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon

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13
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery arise from

A

under the coeliac trunk/artery, or at lower level of L1

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14
Q

what do the middle suprarenal arteries supply

A

the adrenal glands

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15
Q

what do the renal arteries supply

A

the kidneys

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16
Q

what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

the large intestine

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17
Q

where does the inferior mesenteric artery arise from

A

anteriorly at L3

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18
Q

What are gonadal arteries referred to as in males/females

A

males is testicular arteries

females is ovarian arteries

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19
Q

what does the median sacral artery supply

A

the coccyx, lumbar vertebrae and sacrum

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20
Q

How many arteries are lumbar arteries and where do they arise from

A

four

arise posterolaterally from L1 and L4

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21
Q

what do the lumbar arteries supply

A

abdominal wall and spinal cord

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22
Q

what does the external carotid artery supply

A

the head and neck that are external to the cranium

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23
Q

What are the six branches of the external carotid artery

A 
superior thyroid artery
lingual artery
facial artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
occipital artery
posterior auricular artery
 (some ladies faint at orange peels)
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24
Q

How does the internal carotid artery enter the cranial cavity? does it supply the neck at all?

A

via the carotid canal

no

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25
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply

A

the brain,eyes and forehead

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26
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries originate from

A

the subclavian arteries

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27
Q

How do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium

A

via the foramen magnum

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28
Q

What do the vertebral arteries converge to form

A

the basilar artery

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29
Q

What do the right and left subclavian arteries form together

A

the thyrocervical trunk

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30
Q

What four vessels arise from the thyrocervical trunk

A

inferior thyroid artery
ascending cervical artery
transverse cervical artery
suprascapular artery

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31
Q

What does the inferior thyroid artery supply

A

the thyroid gland

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32
Q

What does the ascending cervical artery supply and where does it arise from

A

the posterior prevertebral muscles

arises from the inferior thyroid artery

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33
Q

what does the transverse cervical artery supply

A

the trapezius and rhomboid muscles

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34
Q

What does the suprascapular artery supply

A

the posterior shoulder area

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35
Q

Where does the external jugular vein drain from

A

the majority of the external face

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36
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain into

A

the subclavian vein

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37
Q

What two veins form the external jugular vein

A

posterior auricular vein

retromandibular vein

38
Q

What two veins drain into the external jugular vein

A

suprascapular vein

transverse cervical vein

39
Q

Where does the posterior auricular vein drain from

A

the area of the scalp that is posterior and superior to the outer ear

40
Q

Where does the retromandibular vein drain from? what is it formed by?

A

drains the face

formed by maxillary vein and superficial temporal vein

41
Q

What are the anterior jugular veins

A

paired veins that vary person to person

42
Q

What do the anterior jugular veins drain

A

anterior aspect of the neck

43
Q

How do the anterior jugular veins communicate

A

via the jugular venous arch

44
Q

What do the anterior jugular veins drain into

A

the subclavian vein

45
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein begin

A

in the cranial cavity

46
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein exit the skull

A

via the jugular foramen

47
Q

What does the internal jugular vein combine with to form the brachiocephalic vein

A

the subclavian vein

48
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein receive blood from

A 
facial vein
lingual vein
occipital vein
superior thyroid vein
middle thyroid vein
49
Q

What is a dural venous sinus

A

space between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater lined by epithelial cells

50
Q

Name the five dural venous sinuses

A 
superior sagittal sinus 
inferior sagittal sinus
straight sinus
transverse sinus
sigmoid sinus
51
Q

Where does the dural venous sinuses collect blood from and where do they drain into

A

collect blood from bony areas of skull and brain

drain into internal jugular vein

52
Q

Where is the subclavian vein located

A

under the clavicle

53
Q

When does the subclavian vein/artery become the axillary

A

when it enters the armpit

54
Q

Where is profunda brachii

A

small deep branch (artery) around the humerous

55
Q

What does the brachial artery split into

A

the radial and ulnar arteries

56
Q

What does the radial artery go into

A

the deep palmar arch

57
Q

what does the ulnar artery go into

A

the superficial palmar arch

58
Q

Does the cephalic vein run medially or laterally? what about the basilic vein

A

cephalic vein runs laterally

basilic vein runs mediallyu

59
Q

What is the site where blood is taken from

A

the median cubital vein

60
Q

What two vessels does the median cubital vein join

A

the basilic and cephalic veins

61
Q

What are vena commitante

A

veins that accompany deep arteries
tend to be multiple
surround artery in a network

62
Q

what is the main artery of the lower limb

A

the femoral artery

63
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of

A

the external iliac artery

64
Q

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery

A

when it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle

65
Q

where is the profunda femoris artery located

A

in the femoral triangle

66
Q

where does the profunda femoris artery arise from

A

the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery

67
Q

what are the three branches of the profunda femoris artery

A

the perforating branches
lateral femoral circumflex artery
medial femoral circumflex artery

68
Q

What do the perforating arteries consist of

A

three of four arteries that perforate the adductor magnus

69
Q

What do the perforating arteries give blood supply to

A

the muscles in the posterior and medial thigh

70
Q

what does the lateral femoral circumflex artery wrap around and what does it supply blood to

A

the anterior lateral side of the femur

supplies blood to the lateral aspect of the thigh

71
Q

what does the medial circumflex artery wrap around and what does it supply blood to

A

wraps around posterior side of femur

supplies blood to the femurs head and neck

72
Q

where does the obturator artery arise from

A

the internal iliac artery in the pelvic region

73
Q

what does the anterior branch of the obturator artery supply

A

pectineus
obturator externus
adductor muscles
gracilis

74
Q

what does the posterior branch of the obturator artery supply

A

some of the deep gluteal muscles

75
Q

what does the popliteal artery give rise to

A

the vehicular branches that supply the knee joint

76
Q

what is the lymphatic system

A

it monitors the body surfaces and internal fluid and reacts to potentially harmful substances

77
Q

what are the four lymphatic tissues/organs

A

tonsils
thymus
spleen
bone marrow

78
Q

within lymph circulation, what does a majority of the body drain through

A

the lymphatic duct

79
Q

what part of the body drains via the right lymphatic duct

A

the right upper limb
right side of the thorax
right side of head and neck

80
Q

where is the thoracic duct located

A

between the oesophagus and the azygous vein

81
Q

where are the atrioventricular valves located

A

between the atria and the ventricles

82
Q

which side is a bicuspid atrioventricular valve and which is tricuspid

A

right is tricuspid

left is bicuspid

83
Q

where are the semilunar valves located

A

between the ventricles and the greater vessels

84
Q

how many cusps in semilunar valves

A

three

85
Q

describe atrioventricular valves

A

thin structures made of endocardium and connective tissue

86
Q

describe semilunar valves

A

endocardium and connective tissue reinforced with fibres to make sure the valves cannot turn inside out

87
Q

what is serous pericardium

A

mesothelial layer

one layer of squamous epithelial cells

88
Q

what is the layer of pericardium closest to the heart called

A

visceral pericardium

89
Q

what is the layer in between the visceral and parietal pericardium called & what does it do

A

parietal cavity

contains thin film of pericardial fluid that keeps it lubricated and moving freely

90
Q

what is the outer layer of pericardium called

A

Parietal pericardium

91
Q

what is fibrous pericardium and what does it attach to

A

dense connective tissue

attaches to the diaphragm and the parietal pericardium

FoM (4 decks)

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