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GI I > Anatomy of mastication > Flashcards

Anatomy of mastication Flashcards

1
Q

What does the occipitofrontalis do?

A

Elevates the eyebrows/wrinkles the forehead (the surprise muscle)

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2
Q

What does the orbicularis occuli do?

A

Close the eyelids (the wink muscle)

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3
Q

What does the Levator labii superioris do?

A

Elevates the upper lip and flares the nostrils

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4
Q

What do the zygomaticus major and minor do?

A

Elevate the upper lip (the smile muscles)

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5
Q

What does the orbicularis oris do?

A

Closes the lips/mouth

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6
Q

What does the depressor anguli oris do?

A

Depress the lower lip

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7
Q

What does the mentalis do?

A

Protrudes the lower lip (the pout muscle)

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8
Q

What does the buccinator do?

A

Keeps the cheeks in contact with the gums so that food does not accumulate in the vestibule of the mouth.

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9
Q

What muscles does the facial nerve (CN VII) innervate?

A

Pharyngeal arch two muscles i.e the muscles of facial expression and PSS (posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid, and stapedius).

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10
Q

What are the main branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal branches, zygomatic branches, buccal branches, marginal mandibular branches, and cervical branches. “Ten Zebras Bit My Camel”

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11
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull to enter the face?

A

The stylomastoid foramen (only SVE in this part of the nerve).

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12
Q

What is the arterial supply to the facial structures?

A

The facial artery, the superficial temporal artery, the maxillary artery, and the ophthalmic artery (all branches of the external carotid except the ophthalmic).

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13
Q

What is the venous drainage of the face?

A

The retromandibular vein and the facial vein.

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14
Q

What forms the retromandibular vein?

A

The superficial temporal and maxillary veins.

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15
Q

What does the facial vein join with?

A

The anterior division of the retromandibular vein. This forms the common facial vein which then drains into the internal jugular vein.

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16
Q

What are the deeper venous plexuses that communicate with the face?

A

The pterygoid plexus via the deep facial vein and the cavernous sinus via the ophthalmic veins.

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17
Q

What is the significance of the deeper venous plexuses?

A

The make the central face a “danger area” for an infection to travel into the skull or deep face.

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18
Q

What defines the parotid region?

A

It lies on the posterolateral side of the face; overlying the ramus of the mandible.

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19
Q

What are the three structures that course through the parotid tissue?

A

The facial nerve, the retromandibular vein, and the external carotid artery.

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20
Q

What defines the temporal fossa?

A

It is the lateral skull overlying the squamous portions of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones.

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21
Q

What are the major contents of the temporal fossa?

A

The upper portion of the temporalis muscle and the temporalis fascia.

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22
Q

What defines the infratemporal fossa?

A

The deep region of the head lying inferior and deep (inferior-medial) to the temporal region.

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23
Q

What are the major contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A

The medial pterygoid, the lateral pterygoid, the maxillary artery, CN V3, and the pterygoid plexus of veins.

24
Q

What are the articulate surfaces of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

The condyle of the mandible and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

25
Q

What is the histology of the TMJ articular disc?

A

The articular disc of the TMJ is made of dense CT.

26
Q

What is the major ligament of the TMJ?

A

The sphenomandibular ligament.

27
Q

What is the innervation of all of the muscles of mastication?

A

The mandibular nerve (CV V3).

28
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?

A

The temporal lines and deep temporal fascia.

29
Q

What is the insertion of the temporalis?

A

The coronoid process and anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible.

30
Q

What is the function of the temporalis?

A

Elevates (closes) and retracts the jaw. It is the strongest muscle involved in closing the jaw.

31
Q

What is the origin of the masseter muscle?

A

The zygomatic arch.

32
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?

A

The external surface of the ramus of the mandible.

33
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

Elevates (closes) the mandible.

34
Q

What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

The lateral pterygoid plate (part of the sphenoid) and the maxilla.

35
Q

What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid?

A

The internal surface of the ramus of the mandible.

36
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid?

A

Elevates (closes) the mandible and pivot movement of the mandible.

37
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A

The lateral pterygoid plate (part of the sphenoid) and the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone.

38
Q

What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Protrusion and opening of the mandible; when acting unilaterally moves the jaw to the contralateral side to produce pivot movement during chewing.

39
Q

Where does the maxillary artery course to enter the infratemporal fossa?

A

The maxillary artery courses between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament to enter the infratemporal fossa.

40
Q

What are the three portions of the maxillary artery?

A

The mandibular, pterygoid, and pterygopalatine portions.

41
Q

Where is the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery located?

A

Deep to the neck of the mandible.

42
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular portion of the maxillary artery?

A

The middle meningeal artery and the inferior alveolar artery.

43
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery course through?

A

Enters the middle cranial fossa via the foramen spinosum to supply the dura and skull.

44
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar artery course?

A

Enters the mandibular foramen to supply the mandible. mandibular teeth, and chin (via the mental branch).

45
Q

Where is the pterygoid portion of the maxillary artery located?

A

Courses through the infratemporal fossa.

46
Q

What are the major branches of the pterygoid portion of the maxillary artery?

A

Branches to the muscles of mastication as well as the buccal artery which supplies the cheek.

47
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine portion of the maxillary artery found?

A

Courses through the pterygopalatine fossa.

48
Q

What are the major branches of the pterygopalatine portion of the maxillary artery?

A

The posterior superior alveolar artery and the sphenopalatine artery.

49
Q

What is the pterygoid plexus of veins?

A

A large venous plexus within the infratemporal fossa. Coalesces to form the maxillary vein which then exits the infratemporal fossa travelling with the maxillary artery.

50
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve (CN V3) course?

A

Exits the cranial cavity via the foramen ovale to enter the infratemporal fossa.

51
Q

What GSA fibers does CN V3 convey?

A

GSA to the lower face.

52
Q

What SVE fibers does CN V3 convey?

A

SVE to all pharyngeal arch one muscles. The muscles of mastication and “matt” (mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini).

53
Q

What are the sensory branches (GSA) of CN V3?

A

The buccal nerve, lingual nerve, and auriculotemporal nerve.

54
Q

What are the motor branches (SVE) of CN V3?

A

SVE to pharyngeal arch one muscles.

55
Q

What are the mixed branches (GSA and SVE) of CN V3?

A

The inferior alveolar nerve.

56
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar nerve course?

A

Enters the mandibular foramen to supply the mandibular teeth. Gives off the mental nerve (exits the mental foramen to supply the chin w/ GSA) and the mylohyoid nerve (supplies the mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric).

GI I (12 decks)

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