Anatomy of Lower Limb 2

Question 1

joints of the lower limb: lines of gravity

Answer 1

Question 2

hip joint movements (abduction, external rotation, etc.)

Answer 2

Question 3

what two motions occur in a healthy ankle joint?

Answer 3

Question 4

what is the name of the hip joint? what kind of joint is the hip?

Answer 4

anterior spine and pubic tubercle are in the same anatomical line

flexible border keeps the synvoial fluid on the wall of the joint

Question 5

where is the head of the femur located?

Answer 5

Question 6

the shaft of the femur is not in a _____ plane

Answer 6

vertical

Question 7

angle of the femur; comparison in M and F

Answer 7

This minimizes mass –> efficienct gait, decreased swinging of the mass during gait

Question 8

bone density is greatest along the lines of ________

Answer 8

gravitational load!

sacrum transmits mass thru pelvic bone to head of femur

red = sacrospinatus; green = sacrotuberous

Question 9

what is the thickest and strongest ligament in the body?

Answer 9

this keeps the trunk from flopping backwards

Question 10

blood supply to the hip joint:

Answer 10

Femoral artery gives rise to deep femoral and retinacular arteries to go around femur

Question 11

clinical anatomy

Answer 11

Question 12

the bones of the knee _____(do/do not) form a stable joint

Answer 12

the bones of the knee do NOT form a stable joint

Question 13

patella function

Answer 13

patella acts like a pulley

Question 14

which leg bone receives the weight of the upper body? which leg bone is not part of the knee joint?

Answer 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

mechanisms and structures that stabilize the knee joint

Answer 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

fibular collateral ligament attachments

Answer 20

lateral collateral ligament is more cord like

Question 21

Question 22

Question 23

what are the cruciate ligaments attached to?

Answer 23

Question 24

function of cruciate ligaments?

Answer 24

Posterior cruciate ligament prevents forward displacement of femur off of tibia

Anterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior displacement

Question 25

Question 26

what are the motions involved in knee joint movement?

Answer 26

Spin is internal/medial when tibia is fixed and you extend up

Spin also pulls medial condyle back

Question 27

knee joint motions when you have a fixed femur (walking)

Answer 27

Question 28

medial side has a little extra room

Question 29

knee joint motions: fixed tibia (rocking chair)

Answer 29

Spin is on medial side (with fixed tibia), and this rotates it internally

Question 30

Question 31

there is NO single axis around which the femoral condyles rotate…

Answer 31

this impacts stability

Question 32

at maximum knee extension (Me), the distance btwn the two reference points is _____(>/<) at maximum flexion (Mf)

Answer 32

knee joint is mores table/ligaments are tighter during extension

Question 33

Question 34

Question 35

what is meant by locking the knee?

Answer 35

When you’re in full upright locked position, you’re not using any muscles (as long as you have a little activity in calf)

Question 36

how do you unlock your knee joint?

Answer 36

Popliteus: pulls on lateral condyle and spin the femur outward to unlock the knee

Question 37

what arteries supply the knee joint?

Answer 37

Question 38

dorsiflexion = extension

Question 39

what is the “ankle bone” and where does it sit/articulate with?

Answer 39

talus is the ankle bone

Question 40

talus is covered in aritcular cartilage and wrapped in ligaments

Question 41

Question 42

what joint allows side to side motion in the foot?

Answer 42

Allows swinging of heel bone (inversion and eversion) btwn talus and calcaneus

Question 43

what also provides stability to the ankle joint?

Answer 43

Question 44

what joint is the most commonly injured? how?

Answer 44

Question 45

Question 46

clinical anatomy

Answer 46

Question 47

human posture compared to primates

Answer 47

Question 48

Question 49

where is the trunk’s center of mass? what joints cause this?

Answer 49

Question 50

Question 51

why do humans not stand perfectly upright?

Answer 51

this allows hip drop (when you stand with more weight on one foot)

you tighten the iliotibial tract to use less muscle

Question 52

Contrapposto [kontrap posto]

Answer 52

Question 53

Answer 53

human posture

Question 54

Question 55

cyclic process of the gait

Answer 55

One foot is always on the ground during walk

Tibialis anterior does the lengthening contraction (allowing heel strike)

Feet have to move twice as fast as trunk

Question 56

Question 57

electromyographic recording data determine when various muscles contract during the gait

Answer 57

You can record muscle activity and relate this to muscles

Iliopsoas pulls limb forward (heel off)

Tibialis anterior slowly pulls your foot down for smooth gait

Question 58

examples of limb muscles active during the gait

Answer 58

Medius and minimus prevent hip drop

Biceps femoris contracts just before heel strike to slow down the limb

Question 59

damage to the common fibular nerve affects gait how? how do heels affect gait?

Answer 59

Question 60

determinants of gait: femoral inclincation

Answer 60

Question 61

determinants of gait: pelvic tilt

Answer 61

Pelvic tilt…don’t want it to collapse; you want a little tilt with your gait

Question 62

trendelenburg sign

Answer 62

Put cane in this person’s left hand to bring pelvis back to level

Question 63

determinants of gait: pelvic rotation

Answer 63

Pelvic rotation allows us to not walk like we are on stilts

Question 64

running & leaping

Answer 64

Question 65

most powerful ground rxn occurs when spine is ________ to the ground

Answer 65

use anti-gravity force to propel you forward

Question 66