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HB 3rd Year - Reproduction > ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM > Flashcards

ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Female reproductive system lies within both the ______ and the _______

A

Pelvic cavity and perineum

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2
Q

What lies in the pelvic cavity?

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina

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3
Q

What lies in the perineum?

A 
Inferior part of vagina 
Perineal muscles 
Bartholin's glands 
Clitoris 
Labia
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4
Q

What are the true reproductive organs?

A

Ovaries - everything else is secondary/accessory

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5
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

A thin, transparent serous membrane that secretes a small amount of peritoneal fluid.
Lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and wraps the organs of the abdominal cavity

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6
Q

What does the inferior part of parietal peritoneum form?

A

The floor of the peritoneal cavity

The roof over the pelvic organs

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7
Q

What two pouches does the it form when covering the superior aspect of organs?

A

Vesico-uterine (utero-vesico)

Recto-uterine (Pouch of Douglas) - one of the lowest points of the peritoneal cavity in the upright female patient

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8
Q

What forms the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

When the anterior and posterior layers of the peritoneum fuse together under the uterine tubes

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9
Q

What does the broad ligament of the uterus contain?

A

Contains within it the uterine tubes and (the proximal part of) the round ligament
- Helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

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10
Q

How does the round ligament of the uterus form?

A

It is an embryological remnant - left over from the gubernaculum (a fibrous cord that helps guide the ovaries into their final position)

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11
Q

What are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium - thick muscular layer
Endometrium - what is shed as menstruation

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12
Q

What holds the uterus in place?

A

A number of strong ligaments e.g. uterosacral ligaments - attach to neck of uterus
Endopelvic fascia - a ‘connective tissue packaging’ that fills in any spaces
Muscles of the pelvic floor e.g. elevator ani

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13
Q

Weakness in uterine support can result in what?

A

Uterine prolapse - movement of the uterus inferiorly

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14
Q

What is the most common uterus position in the pelvic cavity?

A

Anteverted and ante flexed

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15
Q

What does anteverted mean?

A

Cervix is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

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16
Q

What does anteflexed mean?

A

Uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervic (the mass of the uterus lies over the bladder

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17
Q

What is a normal variation in cervix position?

A

Retroverted and retroflexed

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18
Q

What does retroverted mean?

A

Cervix tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

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19
Q

What does retroflexed mean?

A

Uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

20
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

The ampulla of the uterine tubes

21
Q

What is a bilateral sapling-oophrectomy?

A

Removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries

22
Q

What is a unilateral salpingectomy?

A

Removal of one uterine tube

23
Q

Describe the location of the ovaries

A

Almond sized and shaped located laterally in the pelvic cavity - they sit in the ovarian fossa (a dip in the lateral walls of the pelvis)

24
Q

Where do the ovaries develop?

A

On the posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis
Guided into place by the gubernaculum which leaves the round ligament of the uterus as a remnant

25
Q

What hormones do the ovaries secrete?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone in response to anterior pituitary hormones FSH and LH

26
Q

What is the vagina?

A

A muscular tube who’s walls are usually in contact - apart from the superior part which is held apart by the cervix forming a fornix

27
Q

What are the parts to the fornix?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. 2x lateral - can be used for palpation
28
Q

What is the adnexae?

A

Joint term for the uterine tubes and ovaries together

29
Q

How do you palpate the uterus?

A

Place examining fingers into the lateral fornix
Press deeply with the hand in the iliac fossa of the same side
Repeat on opposite side

30
Q

Where can the ischial spines be palpated?

A

Laterally at 4 and 8 o’clock positions

31
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Shallow space between the pelvic diaphragm and the skin

32
Q

What shape is the perineum?

A

Diamond shaped - divided into 2 triangles (urogenital anteriorly and anal posteriorly)

33
Q

What does the lavatory ani muscle do?

A

Provides support for the pelvic organs

34
Q

What nerve supplies the elevator ani?

A

Nerve to levator ani

S3,4,5 sacral plexus

35
Q

What nerve supplies the perineal muscles?

A

Pudendal nerve

36
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

A bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscle attach
Found between posterior aspect of the vestibule of the vagina and rectum

37
Q

Why is the perineal body important?

A

Important to pelvic floor strength

Can be disrupted during labour as located just deep to skin

38
Q

What do Bartholin’s glands do?

A

A.k.a great vestibular gland - secretes a small amount of lubricating fluid for the opening of the vagina

39
Q

Where does the bed of the breast extend?

A

From ribs 2-6

Lateral border of the sternum medially to mid-axillary line (due to axillary tail)

40
Q

Where do the breasts lie?

A

On the deep fascia covering the pec major and serrates anterior

41
Q

What is the retromammary space?

A

The space between the fascia and breast. Allows the breast to move relative to the pec major and serratus anterior i.e. the breast can move on the chest wall

42
Q

How is the breast tissue attached to the skin?

A

Via suspensory ligaments

43
Q

Where does most lymph from the breast drain?

A

Into the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes and then to the supraclavicular nodes

44
Q

Where can lymph from the inner breast quadrants drain?

A

Into the parasternal lymph nodes

45
Q

Where can lymph from the lower inner breast quadrants drain?

A

To the abdominal lymph nodes

46
Q

Lymph from where else drains into the axillary lymph nodes?

A

The upper limb

47
Q

What is the blood supply and drainage to the breast?

A

The subclavian artery passes under the clavicle and becomes axillary, then lateral thoracic and internal thoracic (mammary) supply blood to the breast
Same name for veins except venous instead of artery

HB 3rd Year - Reproduction (3 decks)

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