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Head and Neck (Year 2 GM) > Anatomy of Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy of Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the ear?

A
  • External
  • Middle
  • Inner
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2
Q

Look at the parts of the external ear

A
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3
Q

What is the epithelium of the pinna/auricle?

A

Stratified keratinized epithelium - skin

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4
Q

What is the cartilage of the pinna and external auditory canal?

A

Elastic cartilage

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5
Q

What is the lateral and medial portions of the external ear made from?

A
  • Lateral 1/3rd made of skin and cartilage
  • Medial 1/3rd made of skin and bone
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6
Q

What glands are contained within the later portion of the external ear?

A

Ceruminous and sebaceous glands- produce wax

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7
Q

What is the hair distribution in the external ear?

A

Lateral portion - thick hairs on the outside , become finer inside

Medial portion - no hairs or cilia

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8
Q

Does the medial ear produce wax?

A

No

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9
Q

What ist he function of the hair and wax in the middle ear?

A

–Protective barrier and disinfectant

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10
Q

Where does the skin of the external ear grow from?

A

From the umbo of the tympanic membrane outwards

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11
Q

How is skin shed in the external ear?

A

Shed in the lateral 1/3rd of canal and trapped in wax as part of cleaning mechanism

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12
Q

Why does wax or other mechanical obstructions cause minimal hearing loss when compared with problems in other parts of the ear?

A

•The human pinna is not very good at sound localisation

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13
Q

What are the following parts of the tympanic membrane?

A
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14
Q

What are the three layers of the tympanic membrane?

A

–Outer layer is continuous with skin of EAC.

–Middle fibrous layer

–Inner layer of respiratory epithelium (ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells)

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15
Q

What is the diameter and thickness of the tympanic membrane?

A
  • 1cm in diameter
  • 1/10th of a millimeter thick
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16
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

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17
Q

What is the function of the ossicles?

A

Conduct sound waves from tympanic membrane to the inner ear

18
Q

What causes disruption of sound conduction by the ossicles?

A

–Disruption can be from trauma or bony sclerosis (otosclerosis)

19
Q

What is the epithelium of the middle ear?

A

•Lined with same continuous respiratory epithelium that forms inner layer of tympanic membrane

–Capable of producing mucous (glue ear)

20
Q

What does the middle ear connect to?

A

Mastoid system via aditus and nasopharynx via Eustachian tube

21
Q

What nerve does the middle nerve contain?

A

Facial nerve

  • chorda tympani

Chorda tympani is also involved in providing taste to the anterior part of the tongue, sensory supply to anterior portion of the tongue is also supplied by mandibular branch of the trigemnial nerve. (CNV3)

22
Q

What are the important relations of the middle ear?

A

–Middle cranial fossa

–Internal carotid artery

–Sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein

Also: Meninges, mastoid cavity, Inner ear

23
Q

What are the 6 segments of the facial nerve?

A

–Intracranial

–Meatal segment (internal auditory meatus)

–Labyrinthine segment

–Tympanic segment (Fallopian tube. 10% of which are dehiscent. i.e within mucosa)

–Mastoid segment

–Extratemporal segment

24
Q

What does the facial nerve do to the face?

A

•Motor supply to the muscles of facial expression

–Stapedius

–Posterior belly of digastric

–Stylohyoid

Chorda tympani also supplies taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue

25
Q

What is cholesteatoma?

A

Skin in the middle ear - –Keratinized squamous epithelium in the wrong place

26
Q

The inner ear contains a bony and membranous labyrinth, what does the membranous labyrinth contain?

A

–contains fluid – perilymph and endolymph

27
Q

What is the hearing organ?

A

The cochlear - contains nerve endings that transmit sound vibrations to the auditory nerve

Organ of corti

28
Q

What is the purpose of the peripheral vestibular apparatus?

A

Controls balance

29
Q

What is the vestibular system composed of?

A

3 semicircular canals and 2 otolith sensors

30
Q

What do the semicircular canals detect?

A

angular accelerations (head rotations)

31
Q

What do the otolith organs detect?

A

Sensitive to linear straight line accelerations

32
Q

How are the semi - circular canals arranged?

A

as a set of 3 mutually orthogonal sensors - each canal is at a right angle to another. Each canal is maximally sensitive to rotations that lie in the plane of the canal

33
Q

What are the otolith organs?

A

The utricle and the saccule

34
Q

What is the function of the utricle and the saccule?

A

The utricle senses motion in the horizontal plane (eg, forward-backward movement, left-right movement, or a combination thereof). The saccule senses motions in the sagittal plane (eg, up-down movement).

35
Q

Which nerve is responsible for both hearing and balance?

A

Vestibuocochlear nerve (CN V111)

36
Q

What is the mechanism of hearing?

A
  • Function of middle ear is transduce vibration into nervous impulses
  • Foot of stapes vibrates in oval window
  • Causes pressure wave through fluid in cochlear
  • This is detected by hair cells in organ of corti
  • Transmitted to brainstem (junction of pons and medulla) by CN VIII
37
Q

What makes you able to fix your vision on an object even when your head is moving?

A

Vestibulo-ocular relfex - semicircular canals

38
Q

What provides sensation to the middle ear?

A

Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) AKA Jacobsons nerve

39
Q

What provides sensation to the posterior half of the EAC?

A

•Auricular branch of vagus nerve (CN X) AKA Arnolds nerve

40
Q

What supplies the anterior half of the EAC ?

A

Facial nerve

41
Q

What supplies the pinna?

A

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

42
Q
A

Head and Neck (Year 2 GM) (12 decks)

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