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CVS Physiology > Anatomy of CVS 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy of CVS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of the blood vessels

A

3 tunics: tunica intima(endocardium), media(myocardium), externa/adventitia(epicardium)

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2
Q

Arteries vs veins

A

Arteries smaller diamater, thicker wall than accomponing vein
-Arteries thick media thin adventina wheras veins thin media and thick adventitia

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3
Q

Cross sectional area of arteries, arterioles and capillaries

A

Capillaries (1)
Arterioles (2)
Arteries (3)

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4
Q

Types of arteries

A
  • Elastic
  • Muscular
  • Arterioles
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5
Q

Elastic arteries function + state example

A
  • large conducting

- aorta, common carotid, pul.A

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6
Q

Muscular arteries function + state example

A
  • distributing arteries

- coronary arteries, radial, femoral

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7
Q

Function of arterioles

A
  • terminal branches which supply blood to capillary bed

- control BF to capillary beds + BP ( systemic)

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8
Q

Features of elastic arteries

A
  • stretched during systole
  • during diastole, heart relaxes + pressure falls. Artery recoils hence maintaining pressure on the blood
  • recoil + stretchability is due to presence of elastic fibres in T.media in the form of layers = laminae
  • Elastic fibres secreted by SM cells
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9
Q

Features of muscular arteries

A
  • controls distribution of blood to regions
  • sandwich of elastic fibres
  • thick T media has only SM cells
  • no elastic laminae between muscle cells in T media
  • Elastic fibres in sheets called internal elastic lamina ( IEL) just under the epithelium and outer elastic lamina (OEL) between T media + T adventitia
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10
Q

Features of arterioles

A
  • No IEL/T.adventia
  • 1-2 Smooth muscle layers in T.media allow constriction/dilation
  • Innervated by sympathetic nerves in order to control diameter of vessel
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11
Q

Function of capillaries

A

-gas exchange ( nutrients, gases)

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12
Q

Structural features of capillaries

A
  • T.intima only ; endothelium on BM
  • No T.media/T.adventitia
  • Pericytes; incomplete layer of cells surrounding BM which has contractile properties which help control flow of blood in capillaries
  • low BP in capillaries
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13
Q

Types of capillaries

A

Continious, fenestrated, discontinous

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14
Q

Function + features of continous capillaries + examples

A
  • controls what is exchanged
  • material must pass through cell/inbetween C.junctions(also controls)
  • selective transport mechanisms
  • Muscle
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15
Q

Function features, + example of Fenestrated capillaries

A
  • have fernestrations ( pores)
  • with/without protein diaphragms
  • diaphragms filters molecules by MW +/or charge
  • endocrine glands, kidney renal corpuscle
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16
Q

Function, features + example of discontinous capillaires

A
  • gaps between endothelial cells ( and BM)
  • allws free passage of fluid + cells
  • liver, spleen, bone marrow
17
Q

What are sinusoids?

A
  • large diameter discontinous capillaries
  • found where large amount of exchange takes place
  • T.intima contains phagocytic cells which digests old RBCs and toxins
  • liver, some endocrine glands
18
Q

Capillary beds and arteriovenous shunts functipm

A
  • bypassing of capillary beds in order to conserve heat
  • skin for thermoregulation

-precapillary sphincter

19
Q

Describe structure of the veins

A

T.intima thin
-IEL + OEL thin/absent
-T.media thin/absent
T adventitia present - collagenous tissue

20
Q

Superficial vs Deep veins

A

Superficial; thick walled, no surrounding support

Deep; thin walled, surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles

21
Q

What is the function of lymphatic system

A
  • drains tissue fluid lost from capillaries
  • drains into systemic venous system
  • valves
22
Q

Where are lymph nodes found?

A

-nodes found alongside major veins and around major arteries

23
Q

Describe the structure of the lymph capillaries

A
  • blind ended capillaries
  • lined by very thin endothelium, no fenestrations
  • absent/rudimentrary basal lamina
  • anchoring filaments; collagenous filaments link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open
  • no RBCs in lumen
  • may be found in T.adventia of large vessels
24
Q

BV as organs

A

Nerve supply

  • symp ( eg skin)
  • symp.para ( eg heart)

Blood supply
-vasa vosoru,

Lympatics
-in T.adventiitia ( of big vessels)

CVS Physiology (11 decks)

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