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Vet Asst Manual > Anatomy of Cells > Flashcards

Anatomy of Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main parts of a cell?

A

The Plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, the nucleus and the organelles.

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2
Q

What is the plasma membrane structure?

A

Membrane made of a double layer of lipids within which proteins are embedded; proteins made extend entirely through the lipid bi-layer or protrude ononly one face.

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3
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Serves as an external cell barrier; acts in transport of substances into or out of the cell.Maintains a resting potential that is essential for functioning of excitable cells.

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4
Q

Explain Cytoplasm.

A

Cellular region between the nuclear and plasma membranes;contains fluid cytosol,containing dissolved solutes,organelles and inclusions(stored nutrients,secretory products,pigment granules)

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5
Q

What is the nucleus called?

A

Control center of the cell.

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6
Q

What is the structure of the nucleus?

A

Largest organelle;surrounded by the nuclear envelope;contains fluid nucleoplasm,nucleoli and chromatin.

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7
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Control center of the cell;responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis. Contains DNA which governs heredity. DNA in the form of chromatin in the non-dividing cell and in the form of chromosomes in the dividing cell. Has a double,semi permable neclear membrane or envelope.Contains one or more nucleoli which manufacture ribosomal units.

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8
Q

List the 9 organelles.

A
  1. Mitochondria
  2. Ribosome
  3. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
  5. Gogli Apparatus
  6. Lysosomes
  7. Peroxisomes
  8. Cytoskeleton
  9. Centrioles
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9
Q

What is the structure of the Mitochondria”DNA”?

A

Rod like double membrane structures;inner membrane folded into projections called cristae.

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10
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria”DNA”?

A

Powerhouse of a cell. Site of adenosine triphspahate an organic molecular that stores and releases chemical energy for the body to use.

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11
Q

What is the structure of Ribosome “Protein Synthesis”?

A

Dense particles consisting of two subunits,each composed of riboaomal RNA and protein;free or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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12
Q

What is the function of Ribosome “Protein Synthesis”?

A

The site of protein synthesis.

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13
Q

What is the structure of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Membrane system enclosing a cavity, the cisterna and coiling through the cytoplasm;externally studded with ribosomes.

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14
Q

What is the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Acts as transportation network for proteins.

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15
Q

What is the structure of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Membrane system of sacs and tubules; free of ribosomes.

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16
Q

What is the function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Not involved in protein synthesis.important in synthesizing cholesterol,steriod based hormomes and lipids;also important in detoxification of drugs, breakdown of glycogen and transportation of fats.(liver cells, interstitial cells of the testes have a large amount of SER.)

17
Q

What is the structure of the Gogli Apparatus?

A

A stack of smooth membrane sacs and associated vesicles close to the nucleus.

18
Q

What is the function of the Gogli Apparatus?

A

Modifies and packages substances received from the endoplasmic reticulum;exports them from cell or releases them into the cytoplasm for external use.

19
Q

What is the structure of Lysosomes?

A

Membranous sacs containing acid hydolysis.

20
Q

What is the function of Lysosomes?

A

Contains digestive enzymes that digest intracellular bacteria, break down non-functioning organelles, and are the principle organelles in digestion of nutrients.

21
Q

What is the structure of Peroxisomes?

A

Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes.

22
Q

What is the function of Peroxisomes?

A

Uses oxygen to detoxify toxic substances, especially alcohol and formaldehyde.

23
Q

What is the structure of Cytoskeleton?

A

Consists of microtubules,microfilaments and intermediate filaments that are made of protein.

24
Q

What is the function of Cytoskeleton?

A

Provides a framework that gives the cell its shape and support;anchors organelles and enables movement.

25
Q

What is the structure of Centrioles?

A

Microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube.

26
Q

What is the function of Centrioles?

A

Organizes the mitotic spindle;form the base of cilia and flagella.

27
Q

What is the Prokaryote?

A

A cell that lacks a true membrane bound nucleus.

28
Q

What is the Eukaryote?

A

A cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and contains different membrane organelles.

29
Q

What are the activities of a cell dictated by?

A

Specific subcellular structures.

Vet Asst Manual (5 decks)

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