Anatomy of Cells Flashcards
What are the four main parts of a cell?
The Plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, the nucleus and the organelles.
What is the plasma membrane structure?
Membrane made of a double layer of lipids within which proteins are embedded; proteins made extend entirely through the lipid bi-layer or protrude ononly one face.
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Serves as an external cell barrier; acts in transport of substances into or out of the cell.Maintains a resting potential that is essential for functioning of excitable cells.
Explain Cytoplasm.
Cellular region between the nuclear and plasma membranes;contains fluid cytosol,containing dissolved solutes,organelles and inclusions(stored nutrients,secretory products,pigment granules)
What is the nucleus called?
Control center of the cell.
What is the structure of the nucleus?
Largest organelle;surrounded by the nuclear envelope;contains fluid nucleoplasm,nucleoli and chromatin.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Control center of the cell;responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis. Contains DNA which governs heredity. DNA in the form of chromatin in the non-dividing cell and in the form of chromosomes in the dividing cell. Has a double,semi permable neclear membrane or envelope.Contains one or more nucleoli which manufacture ribosomal units.
List the 9 organelles.
- Mitochondria
- Ribosome
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Gogli Apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Peroxisomes
- Cytoskeleton
- Centrioles
What is the structure of the Mitochondria”DNA”?
Rod like double membrane structures;inner membrane folded into projections called cristae.
What is the function of the Mitochondria”DNA”?
Powerhouse of a cell. Site of adenosine triphspahate an organic molecular that stores and releases chemical energy for the body to use.
What is the structure of Ribosome “Protein Synthesis”?
Dense particles consisting of two subunits,each composed of riboaomal RNA and protein;free or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of Ribosome “Protein Synthesis”?
The site of protein synthesis.
What is the structure of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Membrane system enclosing a cavity, the cisterna and coiling through the cytoplasm;externally studded with ribosomes.
What is the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Acts as transportation network for proteins.
What is the structure of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Membrane system of sacs and tubules; free of ribosomes.
What is the function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Not involved in protein synthesis.important in synthesizing cholesterol,steriod based hormomes and lipids;also important in detoxification of drugs, breakdown of glycogen and transportation of fats.(liver cells, interstitial cells of the testes have a large amount of SER.)
What is the structure of the Gogli Apparatus?
A stack of smooth membrane sacs and associated vesicles close to the nucleus.
What is the function of the Gogli Apparatus?
Modifies and packages substances received from the endoplasmic reticulum;exports them from cell or releases them into the cytoplasm for external use.
What is the structure of Lysosomes?
Membranous sacs containing acid hydolysis.
What is the function of Lysosomes?
Contains digestive enzymes that digest intracellular bacteria, break down non-functioning organelles, and are the principle organelles in digestion of nutrients.
What is the structure of Peroxisomes?
Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes.
What is the function of Peroxisomes?
Uses oxygen to detoxify toxic substances, especially alcohol and formaldehyde.
What is the structure of Cytoskeleton?
Consists of microtubules,microfilaments and intermediate filaments that are made of protein.
What is the function of Cytoskeleton?
Provides a framework that gives the cell its shape and support;anchors organelles and enables movement.
What is the structure of Centrioles?
Microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube.
What is the function of Centrioles?
Organizes the mitotic spindle;form the base of cilia and flagella.
What is the Prokaryote?
A cell that lacks a true membrane bound nucleus.
What is the Eukaryote?
A cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and contains different membrane organelles.
What are the activities of a cell dictated by?
Specific subcellular structures.
