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Respiratory > Anatomy of breathing 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy of breathing 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Right and left nasal cavities
Or oral cavity
Naso-, oro- & laryng- pharynx
Larynx

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2
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A 
trachea
Right and left main bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi
bronchioles
Alveoli
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3
Q

What happens at level C6 of vertebra?

A

Larynx becomes trachea

Pharynx becomes oesophagus

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4
Q

Thorax?

A

The chest: part of body cavity between neck and diaphragm/ abdomen

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5
Q

Skeleton of thorax?

A

Sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, thoracic vertebrae of backbone

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6
Q

Thorax encloses?

A

Lungs, heart, oesophagus, associated structures

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7
Q

2 parts of thorax?

A

Chest walls and chest cavity

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8
Q

Chest walls?

A

Protect heart and lungs
Make breathing movements
Breast tissue - lactation

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9
Q

Chest cavity?

A

Within chest walls
Contains vital organs (viscera)
Contain major vessels and nerves
Consists of mediastinum & R & L pleural cavities

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10
Q

Chest wall layers (superficial to deep)?

A 
Skin
Fascia (superficial and deep)
Skeletal muscle
Bone/joints
Parietal pleura
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11
Q

Mediastinum?

A

Space in thorax between two pleural sacs (between lungs)
Contains heart, aorta, trachea, oesophagus, thymus gland
Is divided into anterior, middle, posterior and superior regions

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12
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Space between visceral and parietal pleura

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13
Q

Pleural fluid?

A

Secreted by pleura into pleural cavity and is a lubricant & provides surface tension

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14
Q

Parietal pleura?

A

Covering of inner surface of chest wall

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15
Q

Visceral pleura?

A

Covering of the lungs

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16
Q

What does pleura consist of?

A

Closed sac of serous membranes with smooth shiny moist surface due to secretion of small amounts of fluid

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17
Q

Use of fluid in pleura?

A

Lubricates opposing viscera and parietal surface so that they can slide painlessly over each other during breathing

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18
Q

Lung lobe?

A

Area of lung that each of the lobar bronchi supply with air Separated by fissures

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19
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment?

A

Area of lung lobe that each one of segmental bronchi supply with air (each lung 10)

20
Q

Layers of skeletal muscle located between ribs & within intercostal space?

A

External, internal, innermost

Layers attach between adjacent ribs

21
Q

Function of skeletal muscles?

A

Make chest wall expand during breathing - pulling adjacent ribs upwards and outwards

22
Q

Diaphragm?

A

Another skeletal muscle important in breathing

23
Q

Intercostal spaces?

A

Between the ribs (11)

24
Q

Nerve supply to intercostal nerve?

A

Anterior ramus of spinal nerve

25
Q

Nerve supply to diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

26
Q

Diaphragm?

A

Internal part of body wall - forms floor of chest cavity and roof of abdominal cavity
L & R domes - right superior

27
Q

Phrenic nerves

A

Found in neck and chest and supplies somatic sensory and sympathetic axons to diaphragm and fibrous pericardium and supplies somatic motor axons to diaphragm

28
Q

Inspiration mechanics?

A

1 - Diaphragm contracts and descends - inc vertical chest dimension
2 - Intercostal muscles contract elevating ribs - inc A-P and lateral chest dimensions
3- Chest walls pull lungs outwards with them (pleura) - air flows into lungs, neg pressure

29
Q

Expiration mechanics?

A

1- Diaphragm relaxes and rises - dec vertical thoracic dimension
2- Intercostal muscles relax lowering ribs - dec A-P and lateral chest dimensions
3 - Elastic tissue of lungs recoil - air flows out of lungs

30
Q

Female breast?

A

Superolateral, superomedial, inferomedial, inferolateral quadrants

31
Q

Pectoral region?

A

4 muscles - the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior and subclavius.

32
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recess

A

Most dependent part of pleural cavity
Between diaphragmatic parietal pleura and costal parietal pleura
Most inferior region laterally is costophrenic angle
Abnormal fluid in pleural cavity drains into/ collects in recess
Causes blunting of angles

33
Q

Types of parietal pleura?

A

Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal

34
Q

Structures of root of lung?

A 
1 main bronchus
1 pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins
Lymphatics
Visceral afferents
Sympathetic nerves
Parasympathetic nerves
35
Q

Afferent?

A

Sensory nerve

36
Q

Efferent?

A

Motor nerve

37
Q

Fissures?

A

Deep crevices that separate lobes from each other

38
Q

Lung lobes?

A

Area of lung that each of the lobar bronchi supply with air

39
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment?

A

Area of lung lobe that each of the segmental bronchi supply with air (10)

40
Q

Auscultation?

A

Listening to sound of air moving through larynx

41
Q

Where do you need to auscultate?

A

All 5 lung lobes, apices and bases

42
Q

Auscultation of lung apex?

A

In root of neck

Superior to medial 1/3 of clavicle

43
Q

Ausculation of middle lobe?

A

Between ribs 4 & 6 in mid-clavicular & mid-axillary lines

44
Q

Oblique fissures?

A

Bilaterally at level of ribs 6 anteriorly rising to T3 vertebral level posteriorly

45
Q

Auscultation of lung base?

A

In the scapular line at T11 vertebral level

46
Q

Where does left base descend into during full inspiration?

A

Left costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleural cavity

Respiratory (6 decks)

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