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T year Fred Gage week > Anatomy of ageing > Flashcards

Anatomy of ageing Flashcards

1
Q

how does posture change with age?

A

Loss of arches of the feet
Vertebral Collapse
Increased Kyphosis

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2
Q

what is osteoporosis?

A

A loss of bone density

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3
Q

What fractures are common due to osteoporosis?

A

Femur neck
Vertebral collage
Colles fracture

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4
Q

what is the treatment for osteoporosis?

A

Oestrogen replacement
Biphosphonates
Calcium
Exercise

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5
Q

what is the characteristic sign of a fractured neck of femur?

A

Shortened externally rotated leg

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6
Q

what causes the shortened externally rotated leg in a fractured neck of femur?

A

The psoad major traction

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7
Q

what is pagets disease?

A

There is excessive breakdown and formation of bone leading to disorganised remodelling

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8
Q

what is a rare complication of pagets disease?

A

Sarcoma

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9
Q

what is seen in pagets disease of the skull?

A

Nerve compression
loss of vision and hearing
loosening of teach

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10
Q

why can osteoarthritis cause nerve compression?

A

Osteophytes can form around the vertebrae

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11
Q

what is spondylosis?

A

degeneration of the vertebral joints

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12
Q

what is sponylolysis?

A

fracture of the pars of the vertebrae

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13
Q

how does the skin change with increased age?

A
  • loss of collagen and elastin
  • increased fragility
  • dry due to decreased sebum production
  • decreased melanocytes so pale
  • less subcutaneous fat for padding and insulation
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14
Q

what is ectropion?

A

turning out of the lower eyelid due to weaknessof palpebral ligaments

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15
Q

what is the visual change due to macular degeneration?

A

loss of central vision

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16
Q

what is dry macular degeneration?

A

there is accumulation of cellular debris between the retina and choroid

17
Q

what is the wet type of macular degeneration?

A

vessels form between the choroid and retina

18
Q

what is presbyopia?

A

long sighted

19
Q

what causes presbyopia?

A

Weakening of the ciliary muscles so can no longer accommodate to nearby objects

20
Q

what is the cause of open angle glaucoma/

A

obstruction of the trabecular network in the canal ofschlemm

21
Q

what is volvulus?

A

A mal rotation of a loop of bowel

22
Q

what is diverticular disease?

A

out pouchings of colonic mucosa through weaknesses of colonic muscle

23
Q

where is diverticular disease most common?

A

sigmoid colon

24
Q

what are risk factors for diverticular disease?

A

constipation, diet, genetic, connective tissue disorders

25
Q

what are complications of diverticular disease?

A

peritonitis, inflammatory mass, fistula, diverticulutiitis

26
Q

what area of the prostate does hyperplasia effect?

A

the transitional zone

27
Q

what area of the prostate is affected by cancer?

A

the peripheral zone

T year Fred Gage week (4 decks)

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