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Integrated Exam 3/9 > Anatomy: Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Anatomy: Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pectoral girdle located?

A

Shoulder

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2
Q

What are the 3 main bones of the shoulder?

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • manubrium
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3
Q

What are the 4 portions of the scapula?

A
  • coracoid process
  • acromion
  • spine
  • glenoid fossa
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4
Q

Bones of the shoulder

A
  • P: scapula (coracoid process, acromion, spine, glenoid fossa)
  • Y: clavicle
  • B: manubrium
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5
Q

What are the main bones of the arm and forearm?

A
  • humerus (medial and lateral epicondyle)
  • radius
  • ulna (olecranon)
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6
Q

Bones of the arm and forearm

A
  • Y: humerus (medial and lateral epicondyle)
  • B: radius
  • P: ulna (olecranon)
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7
Q

What are the main bones of the wrist?

A
  • carpals
  • 8 per hand
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8
Q

What are the main bones of the palm?

A
  • metacarpals
  • 5 of them
    *first is lateral and associated with the thumb
    *fifth is medial and associated with the pinky
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9
Q

What are the main bones of the fingers?

A
  • phalanges
  • 14 per hand
  • proximal and distal for digit 1
  • proximal, middle, and distal for digits 2-5
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10
Q

How many types fascia are present?

A
  • Superficial (between dermis and deep
  • Deep/investing
  • Subserous
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11
Q

Where is superficial fascia located?

A

Between the dermis and deep layer of fascia

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12
Q

What 2 things is superficial fascia composed of?

A
  • superficial fatty layer (hypodermis)
  • membranous layer
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13
Q

What is deep fascia?

A

dense layer of CT that covers skeletal muscles (epimysium)

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14
Q

What does deep fascia cover?

A

skeletal muscle (epimysium)

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15
Q

What does subserous fascia anchor?

A

Anchors the slippery serous lining of body cavities to body wall

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16
Q

Examples of subserous fascia

A

-Endothoracic fascia: thorax
-Endoabdominal fascia: abdomen

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17
Q

What is the purpose of serous lining/serosa

A
  • ensure a friction free environment
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18
Q

Examples of serous lining

A

-Pericardium: pericardial cavity
-Pleura: pleural (lung) cavities
-Peritoneum: peritoneal (abdominal) cavity

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19
Q

Upper Limb Compartments - anterior arm

A
  • flexor of elbow
  • musculocutaneous nerve
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20
Q

Upper Limb Compartments - posterior arm

A
  • extensor of elbow
  • radial nerve
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21
Q

Upper limb compartments: anterior forearm

A
  • flexor of wrist and digits
  • median nerve
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22
Q

Upper limb compartments: posterior forearm

A
  • extensors of wrist and digits
  • deep radial nerve
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23
Q

Upper limb compartments: hand (thenar)

A
  • movement of thumb
  • recurrent branch of median nerve
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24
Q

Upper limb compartments: hand (hypothenar)

A
  • movement of little finger
  • deep ulnar nerve
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25
Upper limb compartments: hand (central, adductor, interosseous)
- movement of 1-5 digits - deep ulnar nerve
26
Origin vs insertion
- origin is proximal attachment - origin is non-mobile attachment - insertion is distal attachment - insertion is mobile attachment
27
4 types of movements at shoulder joint
- flexion and extension of the arm (humerus) - protraction and retraction of the scapula - abduction and adduction of the arm (humerus) - medial and lateral rotation of the arm (humerus)
28
2 types of movements at elbow joint
- flexion and extension of the arm forearm - supination and pronation of the forearm
29
2 types of movements at wrist joint
- flexion and extension of the hand - ulnar (medial) and radial (lateral) deviation of the hand
30
4 types of movements at hand joint
- flexion and extension of metacarpophalangeal joints - flexion and extension of interphalangeal joints - opposition of digits 1 and 5 - abduction and adduction of the digits
31
What do the thoraco-appendicular (axio-appendicular) muscles attach?
- attaches the upper limb to the trunk
32
Function of the thoraco-appendicular (axio-appendicular) muscles?
- move and stabilize the pectoral girdle in response to movements of the shoulder joint
33
What are the 3 muscles of the pectoral region?
- pec major - pec minor - serratus anterior
34
Pectoralis major
Action: adducts and medially rotates arm; flexes arm Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves Prox attachments: sternum, medial clavicle, costal cartilages Dis attachments: proximal humerus
35
Pectoralis minor
Action: protracts, depresses, stabilizes scapula Innervation: medial pectoral nerve Prox attachments: ribs 3-5 Dis attachments: coracoid process of scapula
36
Serratus anterior
Action: protracts scapula Innervation: long thoracic nerve Prox attachments: ribs 1-8 Dis attachments: medial border of scapula
37
Deltoid (shoulder muscle)
Action: flexes and medially rotates arm (anterior fibs), abducts arm (middle fibs), extends and laterally rotates arm (posterior fibs) Innervation: axillary nerve Prox attachments: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula Dis attachments: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
38
What is the axilla the space between?
- arm and thorax
39
What does the axilla serve as a passageway for?
- all nerves and vessels that pass to/from the upper limb
40
6 boundaries of the axilla
- anterior: pec major and minor - lateral: humerus - medial: serratus anterior and ribs - base: skin of armpit - apex: cervico-axillar canal - posterior: posterior thoraco-appendicular muscles and scapula
41
What divides the muscles of the arm into anterior (flex) and posterior (extend) compartments
Brachial fascia *pink is anterior *blue is posterior *green is humerus bone
42
Anterior Compartment of Arm:
Actions: flexes forearm, flexes arm, supinates forearm Muscles: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve Blood supply: brachial artery and vein
43
Posterior Compartment of Arm:
Actions: extends forearm, extends arm Muscles: triceps brachii Innervation: radial nerve Blood supply: deep brachial artery and vein
44
Biceps brachii - muscle of arm
Action: supinates forearm, flexes forearm, flexes arm Prox attachment: coracoid process of scapula (short head) supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head) Dis attachment: tendon attaches to proximal radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
45
Brachialis - muscle of arm
Action: flexes forearm Prox attachment: distal half of humerus Dis attachment: proximal ulna
46
Coracobrachialis - muscle of arm
Action: flexion and adduction of arm (to resist dislocation) Prox attachment: coracoid process of scapula Dis attachment: middle third of humerus
47
Triceps brachii - muscle of arm
Action: extension of forearm, long head resists dislocation of humerus Prox attachment: posterior humerus and inferior scapula Dis attachment: olecranon of ulna
48
What is the cubital fossa the transition area between?
arm and forearm
49
What travels through the cubital fossa?
- neurovasculature - biceps brachii tendon
50
What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
medial: flexor compartment muscle lateral: extensor compartment muscle superior: imaginary line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles floor: brachialis roof: bicipital aponeurosis
51
What separates the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments?
- antebrachial fascia *P: anterior *B: posterior *G: radius *Y: ulna
52
Anterior compartment of forearm
Prox attachment: medial humeral epicondyle Innervation: median nerve Flexor retinaculum: holds tendons at the wrist
53
Where is carpal tunnel located?
- anterior wrist
54
What passes through carpal tunnel?
median nerve and tendons from anterior compartment
55
Posterior compartment of forearm
Prox attachment: lateral humeral epicondyle Innervation: deep radial nerve Extensor retinaculum: holds tendons at the wrist
56
Where is the anatomical snuffbox located?
Lateral wrist
57
What forms the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?
Tendons passing to the thumb
58
What separates the palm into compartments?
Palmer fascia
59
What is palmer aponeurosis?
Thickening of the deep fascia of the central compartment
60
Thenar compartment
- lateral - flex, abduct, and oppose thumb - recurrent branch of median nerve
61
Hypothenar compartment
- medial - flex, abduct, and oppose pinky - deep ulnar nerve
62
Central compartment
- tendons of anterior forearm muscles - deep ulnar nerve
63
Adductor compartment
- adducts thumb - deep ulnar nerve
64
Interosseous compartment
- adduct and abduct digits 2-5 - deep ulnar nerve

Integrated Exam 3/9 (8 decks)

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