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Integrated Exam 3/9 > Anatomy: Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Anatomy: Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pectoral girdle located?

A

Shoulder

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2
Q

What are the 3 main bones of the shoulder?

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • manubrium
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3
Q

What are the 4 portions of the scapula?

A
  • coracoid process
  • acromion
  • spine
  • glenoid fossa
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4
Q

Bones of the shoulder

A
  • P: scapula (coracoid process, acromion, spine, glenoid fossa)
  • Y: clavicle
  • B: manubrium
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5
Q

What are the main bones of the arm and forearm?

A
  • humerus (medial and lateral epicondyle)
  • radius
  • ulna (olecranon)
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6
Q

Bones of the arm and forearm

A
  • Y: humerus (medial and lateral epicondyle)
  • B: radius
  • P: ulna (olecranon)
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7
Q

What are the main bones of the wrist?

A
  • carpals
  • 8 per hand
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8
Q

What are the main bones of the palm?

A
  • metacarpals
  • 5 of them
    *first is lateral and associated with the thumb
    *fifth is medial and associated with the pinky
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9
Q

What are the main bones of the fingers?

A
  • phalanges
  • 14 per hand
  • proximal and distal for digit 1
  • proximal, middle, and distal for digits 2-5
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10
Q

How many types fascia are present?

A
  • Superficial (between dermis and deep
  • Deep/investing
  • Subserous
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11
Q

Where is superficial fascia located?

A

Between the dermis and deep layer of fascia

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12
Q

What 2 things is superficial fascia composed of?

A
  • superficial fatty layer (hypodermis)
  • membranous layer
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13
Q

What is deep fascia?

A

dense layer of CT that covers skeletal muscles (epimysium)

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14
Q

What does deep fascia cover?

A

skeletal muscle (epimysium)

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15
Q

What does subserous fascia anchor?

A

Anchors the slippery serous lining of body cavities to body wall

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16
Q

Examples of subserous fascia

A

-Endothoracic fascia: thorax
-Endoabdominal fascia: abdomen

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17
Q

What is the purpose of serous lining/serosa

A
  • ensure a friction free environment
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18
Q

Examples of serous lining

A

-Pericardium: pericardial cavity
-Pleura: pleural (lung) cavities
-Peritoneum: peritoneal (abdominal) cavity

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19
Q

Upper Limb Compartments - anterior arm

A
  • flexor of elbow
  • musculocutaneous nerve
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20
Q

Upper Limb Compartments - posterior arm

A
  • extensor of elbow
  • radial nerve
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21
Q

Upper limb compartments: anterior forearm

A
  • flexor of wrist and digits
  • median nerve
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22
Q

Upper limb compartments: posterior forearm

A
  • extensors of wrist and digits
  • deep radial nerve
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23
Q

Upper limb compartments: hand (thenar)

A
  • movement of thumb
  • recurrent branch of median nerve
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24
Q

Upper limb compartments: hand (hypothenar)

A
  • movement of little finger
  • deep ulnar nerve
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25
Q

Upper limb compartments: hand (central, adductor, interosseous)

A
  • movement of 1-5 digits
  • deep ulnar nerve
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26
Q

Origin vs insertion

A
  • origin is proximal attachment
  • origin is non-mobile attachment
  • insertion is distal attachment
  • insertion is mobile attachment
27
Q

4 types of movements at shoulder joint

A
  • flexion and extension of the arm (humerus)
  • protraction and retraction of the scapula
  • abduction and adduction of the arm (humerus)
  • medial and lateral rotation of the arm (humerus)
28
Q

2 types of movements at elbow joint

A
  • flexion and extension of the arm forearm
  • supination and pronation of the forearm
29
Q

2 types of movements at wrist joint

A
  • flexion and extension of the hand
  • ulnar (medial) and radial (lateral) deviation of the hand
30
Q

4 types of movements at hand joint

A
  • flexion and extension of metacarpophalangeal joints
  • flexion and extension of interphalangeal joints
  • opposition of digits 1 and 5
  • abduction and adduction of the digits
31
Q

What do the thoraco-appendicular (axio-appendicular) muscles attach?

A
  • attaches the upper limb to the trunk
32
Q

Function of the thoraco-appendicular (axio-appendicular) muscles?

A
  • move and stabilize the pectoral girdle in response to movements of the shoulder joint
33
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the pectoral region?

A
  • pec major
  • pec minor
  • serratus anterior
34
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Action: adducts and medially rotates arm; flexes arm
Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Prox attachments: sternum, medial clavicle, costal cartilages
Dis attachments: proximal humerus

35
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Action: protracts, depresses, stabilizes scapula
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve
Prox attachments: ribs 3-5
Dis attachments: coracoid process of scapula

36
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Action: protracts scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve
Prox attachments: ribs 1-8
Dis attachments: medial border of scapula

37
Q

Deltoid (shoulder muscle)

A

Action: flexes and medially rotates arm (anterior fibs), abducts arm (middle fibs), extends and laterally rotates arm (posterior fibs)

Innervation: axillary nerve

Prox attachments: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Dis attachments: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

38
Q

What is the axilla the space between?

A
  • arm and thorax
39
Q

What does the axilla serve as a passageway for?

A
  • all nerves and vessels that pass to/from the upper limb
40
Q

6 boundaries of the axilla

A
  • anterior: pec major and minor
  • lateral: humerus
  • medial: serratus anterior and ribs
  • base: skin of armpit
  • apex: cervico-axillar canal
  • posterior: posterior thoraco-appendicular muscles and scapula
41
Q

What divides the muscles of the arm into anterior (flex) and posterior (extend) compartments

A

Brachial fascia
*pink is anterior
*blue is posterior
*green is humerus bone

42
Q

Anterior Compartment of Arm:

A

Actions: flexes forearm, flexes arm, supinates forearm
Muscles: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Blood supply: brachial artery and vein

43
Q

Posterior Compartment of Arm:

A

Actions: extends forearm, extends arm
Muscles: triceps brachii
Innervation: radial nerve
Blood supply: deep brachial artery and vein

44
Q

Biceps brachii - muscle of arm

A

Action: supinates forearm, flexes forearm, flexes arm

Prox attachment: coracoid process of scapula (short head) supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head)

Dis attachment: tendon attaches to proximal radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

45
Q

Brachialis - muscle of arm

A

Action: flexes forearm

Prox attachment: distal half of humerus

Dis attachment: proximal ulna

46
Q

Coracobrachialis - muscle of arm

A

Action: flexion and adduction of arm (to resist dislocation)

Prox attachment: coracoid process of scapula

Dis attachment: middle third of humerus

47
Q

Triceps brachii - muscle of arm

A

Action: extension of forearm, long head resists dislocation of humerus

Prox attachment: posterior humerus and inferior scapula

Dis attachment: olecranon of ulna

48
Q

What is the cubital fossa the transition area between?

A

arm and forearm

49
Q

What travels through the cubital fossa?

A
  • neurovasculature
  • biceps brachii tendon
50
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

medial: flexor compartment muscle
lateral: extensor compartment muscle
superior: imaginary line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles
floor: brachialis
roof: bicipital aponeurosis

51
Q

What separates the forearm into anterior and posterior compartments?

A
  • antebrachial fascia
    *P: anterior
    *B: posterior
    *G: radius
    *Y: ulna
52
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm

A

Prox attachment: medial humeral epicondyle

Innervation: median nerve

Flexor retinaculum: holds tendons at the wrist

53
Q

Where is carpal tunnel located?

A
  • anterior wrist
54
Q

What passes through carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve and tendons from anterior compartment

55
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm

A

Prox attachment: lateral humeral epicondyle

Innervation: deep radial nerve

Extensor retinaculum: holds tendons at the wrist

56
Q

Where is the anatomical snuffbox located?

A

Lateral wrist

57
Q

What forms the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Tendons passing to the thumb

58
Q

What separates the palm into compartments?

A

Palmer fascia

59
Q

What is palmer aponeurosis?

A

Thickening of the deep fascia of the central compartment

60
Q

Thenar compartment

A
  • lateral
  • flex, abduct, and oppose thumb
  • recurrent branch of median nerve
61
Q

Hypothenar compartment

A
  • medial
  • flex, abduct, and oppose pinky
  • deep ulnar nerve
62
Q

Central compartment

A
  • tendons of anterior forearm muscles
  • deep ulnar nerve
63
Q

Adductor compartment

A
  • adducts thumb
  • deep ulnar nerve
64
Q

Interosseous compartment

A
  • adduct and abduct digits 2-5
  • deep ulnar nerve

Integrated Exam 3/9 (8 decks)

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