Anatomy (MR) Flashcards
Brachial Plexus:
Exits neck between ? muscles
Deep to ?
Close relationship to ?
Exits neck between ant. / mid. scalene muscles
Deep to pec minor
Close relationship to axillary artery
fill in branches
Brachial Plexus Bullets
What are the preclavicular branches and the corresponding root?
What’s** Erb’s point?**
Medial and lataeral cord terminal branches all?
PAR ‘monic?
Brachial Plexus: Pre-clavicular branches
Branch - Origin- Roots – Motor?
Brachial Plexus: cord branches
what are the 7 cord branches?
origin–roots–motor–sensory
monics to remember?
Remember:
* 1,3,3 & LPM
* ** l(1) P (3) M (3)**
Brachial Plexus: terminal branches
what are the terminal branches?
origin–roots–motor–sensory–major branches
monics to remember?
- ** L
- P
- LM
- M**
- PAR: Posterior Cord: Axillary and Radial
Pre-ganglionic injuries:
location, prognosis, what to look for?
EMG will show?
Post-ganglionic injuries:
location, prognosis, what to look for?
EMG will show?
Upper vs lower vs total plexus injury?
MSK nerve
Roots/cord?
Motor to?
Terminal sensory branch?
Location from coracoid?
At risk for injury?
axillary
Roots/cord?
travels?
anterior branch: anatomic location and motor?
Posterior branch: motor?
Radial nerve
Roots/cord?
Passes through?
Spiral groove around humerus in what direction?
“safe zone” is ?
Pierces intermuscular septum where?
Branches into ? nerves
radial nerve
after injury, whats the first muscle to recover?
radial nerve is reliable found where in relation to the triceps?
Brachioradialis
PIN
supplies?
courses through?
tranlates with?
- supplies wrist, finger, thumb extensors
- courses through supinator muscle
- translates with forearm pronation /
supination
Radial nerve compression: FLEAS
common extensors
* ECRB (often from radial nerve proper, but can be from PIN)
* Extensor digitorum communis (EDC)
* Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
* Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
deep extensors
* Supinator
* Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
* Extensor pollicus brevis (EPB)
* Extensor pollicus longus (EPL)
* Extensor indicis proprius (EIP)
median nerve
roots/cords?
travels with brachial artery, location to it?
possible sides of compression in the arm?
AIN branches where?
Compression of AIN causes?
median nerve branches
Palmer cutaneous branch arises?
Recurrent motor branch arises?
medin nerve compression
Where does the median and AIN nerve get compressed?
What’s the
‘momic
ulnar nerve
roots/cord?
Passes ?
* Arcade of Struthers ? proximal to elbow
* Enters forearm between ?
* Between ? and ? in forearm
* relationship to ulnar artery?
* dorsal cutaneous branch ? cm proximal to ulna styloid
ulnar nerve compression sites
proximal (6 sites)
distally?
ulnar nerve tests
froments and claw paradox
Shoulder
scapula version
glenoid version
proximal humeral articular surface version
neck shaft angle
head height
humeral head blood supply
AHCA runs?
PHCA runs?
what’s the major blood supply?
bleeding from the bicipital groove?
AHCA: bleeding from bicipital groove arcuate
joints around shoulder?
AC joint: which ligaments prevent AP and Superior translation?
CC ligaments: location and strength?
CA ligament prevents?
SC joint: strongest ligamnet?
scapula winging
direction is determined by?
medial vs lateral:
which one is more common?
what muscle and nerve are effected?
labrum
2 variants to know and whats the difference? what happens if you inadvertantly repair?
glenouhumeral ligaments
SGHL
MGHL
IGHL anterior band
IGHL posterior band
rotator cuff
infra and subscap coupled in what plan?
supra foot print is?
cuff at risk during what phase of throwing?
innervation: roots and nerve?
how to test each muscle?
rotator cuff
RC interval is a space between? and contains ?
rotator cuff
whats the rotator cable? whats the significance of it?
Shoulder spaces
quadrilateral
trangular
triangular interval
suprascapular nerve
branche off of?
innervates?
two sites of compression?
humeral insertions
PLLT monic?
pect major
what tears more commonly in a pect rupture?
insertion is lateral to bicipital groove
shoulder approaches
Deltopect: what marks interval? what to watch out for?
Lateral (deltoid split): were to find axillary?
Posterior approach is for? what to avoid?
describes the anatomy of the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve during medial meniscal repair
in medial meniscal repair, the nerve may be present during deep dissection. The sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve is posterior to the sartorius; dissection should remain anterior to the sartorius. The branch becomes extrafascial between the gracilis and the sartorius. The nerve is anterior to the semitendinosus with the knee in extension. The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve exits the adductor canal and travels to the anteromedial aspect of the knee.
martin gruber anastamosis
Martin-Gruber anastamosis, which are motor connections between the median and ulnar nerves that occur in the forearm.
NVI interval
anterior approach (Henry) for a distal radius and proximal shaft fxs
brachioradialis (radial n) and flexor carpi radialis (median n) distally
brachioradialis (radial)and pronator teres (median n) proximally.
main blood supply to the capital femoral epiphysis before 4 and after 4 y/o
before 4: medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries as well as the artery of the ligamentum teres
after 4:medial femoral circumflex artery provides the principal blood supply to the proximal femur via its posterosuperior and posteroinferior retinacular branche
blood supply through the artery of the ligamentum teres diminishes. The lateral femoral circumflex system regresses, and its flow into the physis and epiphysis diminishes significantly so the medial femoral circumflex artery becomes the predominant blood supply to the metaphysis.
how do differentiate femoral nerve palsy vs l2-3 lumbar radiculopathy?
Patients with femoral nerve (L2-4) lesions may be distinguished from L2 or L3 radiculopathy by testing adduction (an obturator nerve-innervated function).
peroneal division of the sciatic nerve innervates which of the following muscles in the thigh?
Short head of the biceps
The tibial division of the sciatic nerve provides innervations to all of the hamstring muscles in the thigh with the exception of the short head of the biceps femoris which receives its innervations from the common peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve. Both heads of the gastrocnemius muscle are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve.
C spine landmarks
C1-2
C4
C4-5
C6
angle of the mandible C1-C2
hyoid is at C4
the superior portion of the thyroid cartilage is C4-C5
Carotid tubercle C6
the cricoid cartilage C6
boutonniere deformity is treated with distal extensor tenotomy. What structures allow for active extension at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint after tenotomy?
oblique retinacular ligament
Hyperextension of the DIP joint from a boutonniere deformity can be treated by the Dolphin tenotomy that divides the terminal extensor mechanism. Near normal extension of the DIP joint is the result of the intact oblique retinacular ligament of Landsmeer.
