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OCCLUSION > ANATOMY & MAJOR FUNCTIONS > Flashcards

ANATOMY & MAJOR FUNCTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

3 major skeletal components

A

maxilla, mandible, temporal bone

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2
Q

Maxilla is developmentally from

A

2 bones fused at mid palatal suture

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3
Q

Maxilla makes the floor of the

A

nasal cavity and orbit (eye socket)

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4
Q

Inferior portion of maxilla

A

hard palate

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5
Q

alveolar process job and location

A

in maxilla and mandible - thick ridge of bone in the jaw that holds the dental alveoli, or tooth sockets

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6
Q

Alveolar bone surround root is thicker on _____ than _____ in the maxilla. What does this mean?

A

thicker on 2nd/3rd molar than 1st molar - more likely to break bone on 1st molar when extracting

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7
Q

Mandible shape

A

U

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8
Q

How is the mandible attached to the skull?

A

no bony attachment to skull - suspended by muscle and ligaments

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9
Q

Mandible articulates through the

A

condyle

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10
Q

Major bony landmarks of the mandible

A
  • Body & Alveolar Process
  • Angle of the Mandible & Ramus
  • Coronoid Process
  • Condyle
  • Lingula & Mandibular Foramen
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11
Q

What are “poles”?

A

medial and lateral projections of the condyle

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12
Q

The ____ pole of the condyle is more prominent than the _____ pole

A

medial - lateral

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13
Q

Articulating surface of condyle is ____ and extends ______

A

convex - extends more posteriorly than anteriorly

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14
Q

Temporal bone articulates

A

at mandibular fossa/articular fossa/glenoid fossa (concavity)

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15
Q

Temporal bone concavity is located in

A

squamous portion of temporal bone

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16
Q

Where is the squamotympanic fissure located?

A

posterior to the concavity on temporal bone

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17
Q

Where is the articular eminence of the temporal bone located and what is it?

A

anterior to the concavity, thick/dense bone

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18
Q

The temporal bone articular eminence dictates

A

pathway of condyles during translation

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19
Q

Posterior roof of mandibular fossa is

A

thin bone

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20
Q

3 movement of the TMJ

A

hinge, sliding, complex

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21
Q

Joint responsible for hinge movement of the TMJ

A

ginglymoid joint

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22
Q

Joint responsible for sliding movement of the TMJ

A

arthrodial joint

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23
Q

Joint responsible for complex movement of the TMJ

A

rotation and slide - combine of hinge and slide (ginglymoid and arthrodial joint)

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24
Q

Working side

A

side where teeth are contacting

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25
Q

Articular disc

A

interposed in space between mandibular condyle and temporal bone

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26
Q

What type of joint is the articular disc

A

compound joint

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27
Q

What type of tissue is the articular disc? What is its blood supply and innervation?

A

dense fibrous CT - mostly devoid of blood supply - innervation is limited to the periphery

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28
Q

What are the 3 sagittal zones of the articular disc and what are they made up of/what are their jobs?

A

anterior border - thick band of CT
intermediate zone - thinnest, where articular surface of condyle rests
posterior border - usually thickest band of CT

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29
Q

Articular disc is thickest

A

medially

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30
Q

Articular disc shape is determined by

A

morphology of condyle and fossa

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31
Q

Articular disc morphology is maintained unless

A

altered by a structural change in the joint or by destructive forces acting on it

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32
Q

Irreversible changes to articular disc may alter the function of

A

TMJ

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33
Q

During movement and functional demands the articular disc is somewhat

A

flexible

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34
Q

The articular disc is NOT ______ during function

A

reversibly altered

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35
Q

The articular disc is encased in

A

a disc capsule

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36
Q

The boundaries of the articular disc are marked by

A

ligaments

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37
Q

4 bony attachments of articular disc

A

Posterior Superior - Tympanic Plate (posterior surface of articular fossa)
Posterior Inferior - posterior inferior margin of the articular surface of the condyle
Anterior Superior - anterior margin of the articular surface of the temporal bone
Anterior Inferior - anterior margin of the articular surface of the condyle

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38
Q

3 soft tissue attachments of the articular disc and their

A

Posterior - Retrodiscal Tissue (vascular and innervated)
Anterior - Superior Lateral Pterygoid
Anterior/Posterior and Medial/Lateral - to Capsular Ligament

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39
Q

2 cavities of the articular disc and their boundaries

A

Superior Cavity – bounded by mandibular fossa and superior surface of the disc
Inferior Cavity – bounded by the head of the condyle and inferior surface of the disc

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40
Q

What type of “special” joint is the TMJ?

A

synovial joint

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41
Q

What forms the synovial lining of the TMJ

A

Internal surfaces of upper and lower cavities in the TMJ are lined with endothelial cells

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42
Q

Synovial fluid serves both cavities - and is produced in the anterior border of the

A

Retrodiscal tissue (Synovial Fringe)

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43
Q

2 purposes of synovial fluid

A

metabolic - fluid is medium for providing nutrients
lubrication - between articular surfaces during function

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44
Q

2 mechanisms of lubrication

A

boundary lubrication - during function/movement the synovial fluid flows throughout the cavity and across the articular surface
weeping lubrication - during function the synovial fluid enters/exits surface of articular surfaces

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45
Q

Primary form of lubrication in DYNAMIC movement

A

boundary lubrication

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46
Q

Provides lubrication during both STATIC and DYNAMIC function

A

Weeping lubrication

47
Q

______ are able to absorb a small amount of synovial fluid

A

articular surfaces

48
Q

4 articular surface histological layers

A

1 - articular zone
2 - proliferative zone
3 - fibrocartilaginous zone
4 - calcified cartilage zone

49
Q

Articular Zone

A
  • most superficial, functional surface comprised of dense fibrous CT
  • collagen fibers arranged in bundles, oriented parallel to articular surface and tightly packed
50
Q

Proliferative Zone

A

mainly cellular layer (undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue)

51
Q

Fibrocartilaginous zone

A
  • collagen fibrils arranged in crossing pattern (radial patterns)
  • Random 3D arrangement resists both compressive and lateral forces
52
Q

Calcified cartilage zone

A
  • deepest zone made up of chondrocytes and chondroblasts
  • Zone where cells die – cytoplasm is evacuated, and the resulting scaffold is excellent for bone remodeling
  • Endosteal bone growth proceeds as elsewhere in the body
53
Q

All joints have ___ nerve that provides ______ to muscles that control it

A

1 nerve that provides both sensory and motor innervation

54
Q

What cranial nerve supplies most of the oral cavity?

A

trigeminal (CN V)

55
Q

Posterior vascularization of the TMJ

A

superficial temporal artery

56
Q

Anterior vascularization of the TMJ

A

middle meningeal artery

57
Q

Inferior vascularization of the TMJ

A

internal maxillary artery

58
Q

Vascularization of the TMJ

A

Posterior = Superficial Temporal Artery
Anterior = Middle Meningeal Artery
Inferior = Internal Maxillary Artery
Also important = deep auricular, anterior tympanic, and ascending pharyngeal arteries

59
Q

Ligaments are made of

A

collagenous CT of set lengths

60
Q

When extensive force is used on ligaments

A

they can be elongated - affecting ligament function

61
Q

Ligaments are ______elements in a joint - meaning that they

A

passive restraining elements - limit and restrict border movements

62
Q

3 functional TMJ ligaments

A

collateral (discal) ligaments, capsular ligament, temporomandibular ligament (lateral ligament)

63
Q

Collateral (discal) ligaments attach

A

articular disc (medial and lateral) to condylar poles

64
Q

Collateral (discal) ligaments divides

A

joint space into superior and inferior cavities

65
Q

Collateral (discal) ligaments prevent and allow

A

Prevents medial/lateral movement of disc
Allow anterior/posterior rotation (hinge movements)

66
Q

T/F :Collateral (discal) ligaments have vascular supply and innervation

A

T

67
Q

Capsular ligament surrounds

A

entire TMJ

68
Q

Capsular ligament superior attachment

A

surround the mandibular fossa and articular eminence

69
Q

Capsular ligament inferior attachment

A

neck of condyle

70
Q

Capsular ligament resists

A

all movement medial/lateral or inferiorly

71
Q

Capsular ligament retains

A

synovial fluid

72
Q

T/F: Capsular ligament has innervation

A

T

73
Q

Innervation of Collateral (Discal) ligaments sense

A

proprioception, movement, pain

74
Q

Innervation of capsular ligaments sense

A

proprioception

75
Q

Temporomandibular ligament 2 parts

A

Outer oblique and Inner horizontal

76
Q

Temporomandibular ligament - outer oblique extends

A

from lateral border of articular eminence + zygomatic process posteriorly inferiorly to outer surface on condylar neck

77
Q

Temporomandibular ligament - outer oblique resists and limits

A

Resists excessive condylar dropping
Limits extent and path of opening (rotation until ligament is tight, then translation)

78
Q

Temporomandibular ligament - Inner horizontal extends

A

lateral border articular eminence + zygomatic process posteriorly and horizontally to lateral pole condyle + posterior portion articular disc

79
Q

Temporomandibular ligament - Inner horizontal limits and protects

A

Limits posterior movement condyle + disc
Protects posterior articular fossa, Retrodiscal tissue, and lateral pterygoid from over extension

80
Q

2 accessory TMJ ligaments

A

sphenomandibular and stylomandibular

81
Q

Sphenomandibular ligament extends

A

from sphenoid bone inferiorly to the lingual

82
Q

Sphenomandibular ligament effect on jaw opening

A

no significant effects

83
Q

Stylomandibular ligament extends

A

from styloid process inferiorly to posterior border of ramus of mandible

84
Q

Stylomandibular ligament effect on jaw opening

A

Tight on mandibular protrusion only
Relaxed on mandibular opening

85
Q

All skeletal muscles have a mixture of these fibers – which reflect their function:

A

Type I and Type II muscle fibers

86
Q

Type I Muscle Fibers

A

slow, sustained contraction
- deep red = aerobic metabolism, numerous mitochondria

87
Q

Type II Muscle Fibers

A

fast contraction but fatigue quickly
- anaerobic metabolism, less mitochondria

88
Q

Major Muscles of Mastication (M.O.M)

A

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

89
Q

Masseter origin and extension

A

originates at zygomatic arch and extends down to lateral-lower border of ramus of mandible

90
Q

Parts of the Masseter muscle and their associated fiber orientation

A

2 heads:
Superficial Portion - fibers run down and back – also used in protrusion
Deep Portion - fibers are predominantly vertical

91
Q

Masseter function

A

elevates mandible and brings teeth into contact - powerful chewing strokes

92
Q

Elevates mandible and brings teeth into contact

A

masseter muscle

93
Q

Temporalis muscle origin

A

large fan-shaped muscle that originates in temporal fossa and lateral surface of the skull

94
Q

Temporalis muscle fiber convergence

A

Fibers converge as it passes under zygomatic arch

95
Q

Temporalis muscle inserts on the

A

coronoid process and anterior border of ascending ramus

96
Q

Parts of temporalis muscle and their associated fiber orientation

A

fiber direction and function
- Anterior = vertical fibers
- Middle = oblique fibers run anteriorly
- Posterior = almost horizontal above the ear

97
Q

Temporalis function

A

complete contraction - elevates mandible and brings teeth into occlusion
Partial contraction - moves mandible in direction of muscle fibers
- Anterior = vertical
- Middle = elevation and retrusion
- Posterior = mostly retrusion

98
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle origin and extension

A

originates in pterygoid fossa and extends down/back/outward and inserts into medial surface of angle of mandible

99
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle forms

A

a muscular sling with the masseter to support the angle of the mandible

100
Q

Contraction of medial pterygoid muscle produces

A
  • Elevation of mandible and occlusion of teeth
  • Protrusion of mandible
  • Unilateral contraction = mediotrusive movement
101
Q

Lateral pterygoid muscle is described as 1 muscle with 2 “______” that function ______

A

bellies - oppositely

102
Q

“Bellies” of lateral pterygoid

A

inferior and superior lateral pterygoids

103
Q

Inferior and superior lateral pterygoids are ___% type ____ fibers

A

80% - 1

104
Q

Inferior Lateral Pterygoid originates and extends

A

originates - on lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Extends - back/up/out to insert on neck of condyle

105
Q

Inferior Lateral Pterygoid contraction and associated movement

A

Bilateral contraction - condyles pulled down articular eminence = depression/protrusion
Unilateral contraction - mediotrusive movement = mandible moves laterally to opposite side

106
Q

is Inferior or Superior Lateral Pterygoid larger?

A

Inferior

107
Q

Superior Lateral Pterygoid origin and extension

A

originates - on infratemporal crest of greater sphenoid wing
Extends - horizontally/back/out to insert on: articular capsule and disc (esp. med. 30-40%) & neck of condyle (60-70%)

108
Q

Superior Lateral Pterygoid contraction

A

in conjugation with elevator muscles, esp. during power stroke of chewing – elevation in function

109
Q

Accessory muscle

A

digastric

110
Q

Digastric muscle helps

A

stabilize posterior and anterior portions of mandible

111
Q

Posterior belly of digastric muscle origin and extension

A

originates form mastoid notch (of temporal bone) to run forward, down and into the intermediate tendon attached to hyoid bone

112
Q

Anterior belly of digastric muscle origin and extension

A

originates in digastric fossa on lingual side of mandible to run down/back to the intermediate tendon attached to the hyoid bone

113
Q

Digastric contraction

A

Bilateral contraction against supported hyoid bone (supported by suprahyoid/infrahyoid muscles) = depression + retrusion of mand (teeth brought out of contact)

114
Q

Digastric muscle works with _____ and ____ muscles to elevate the _______ during swallowing

A

supra hyoid and infra hyoid muscle - hyoid

OCCLUSION (4 decks)

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