Anatomy: lungs Flashcards
TRACHEA
What spinal level does it originate at?
Describe how cartilage and muscle surrounds it
What type of epithelium lines it?
What spinal level does it divide into the right and left main bronchi? What is the cartilage at this junction called?
C6
C shaped cartilage rings; open at the back, where it is covered by trachealis muscle.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
T4/5 (the sternal angle); the carina
BRONCHI
What are the 3 divisions of bronchi, and what do they supply?
Primary/main bronchi - right and left lungs
Secondary/lobar bronchi - lobes
Tertiary/segmental bronchi - segments
BRONCHI
Compare the right and left primary/main bronchi in terms of length, width, angle. Thus, are foreign bodies more likely to lodge in the right or left primary/main bronchus?
The right primary/main bronchi is shorter, wider, and more vertical. The right
BRONCHI
In the right lung, how many segments go into each lobe?
Superior lobe: 3 segments
Middle: 2 segments
Lower: 5 segments
BRONCHI
In the left lung, how many segments go into each lobe?
Superior lobe: 5 segments
Inferior lobe: 5 segments
BRONCHI
What happens to foreign bodies when aspirating while standing up?
Goes into right main bronchus - as discussed
Goes to most inferior segment (ie. the inferior segment of the inferior lobe)
BRONCHI
What happens to foreign bodies when aspirating while lying down?
Goes into the right main bronchus - as discussed
Goes to the most posterior segment - the most superior segment of the inferior lobe
PLEURA
Name these 4 parts of the parietal pleura
LUNGS
What are the two recesses of the lungs called?
Costomediastinal recess
Costodiaphragmatic recess
LUNGS
What are the lobes of each lung, and what fissure separates them?
HILUM
What structures do the hila contain?
Describe the location of the pulmonary veins relative to the arteries
Anterior and inferior
RIGHT HILUM
What 3 impressions can you see?
What happens to the bronchial tree?
SVC, arch of azygos, right atrium
Right main bronchus branches into upper lobar bronchus and bronchus intermedius before entering the hilum
LEFT HILUM
What are the 2 impressions?
What happens to the bronchial tree?
Left ventricle, aortic
Enters the hilum as the left main bronchus
BLOOD SUPPLY
What defines arteries vs veins?
Arteries - a for away from the heart
BLOOD SUPPLY
Differentiate pulmonary vs bronchial vessels
Pulmonary vessels oxygenate blood
Bronchial vesesels supply the lung tissue
BLOOD SUPPLY
Do pulmonary arteries follow the branching pattern of the bronchial tree?
Do pulmonary veins follow the branching pattern of the bronchial tree?
Yes
No
BLOOD SUPPLY
Describe the bronchial artery pathway
Describe the bronchial vein pathway
Branches from descending thoracic aorta at the carina; enters along with primary bronchi
Drain into the azygos system
LYMPHATICS
Describe the superficial lymphatics. What happens to inhaled carbon pigments?
Describe the deep lymphatics
Just underneath the visceral pleura, ultimately reaching the hilar lymph nodes
- Inhaled carbon pigments deposit in the superficial lymphatic system, creating a spiderweb like appearance
Deep lymphatics follow the vessels to the hilum, where they also reach hilar lymph nodes
INNERVATION
Describe sympathetic innervation
- What spinal cord levels?
- Describe the path
- Which plexus do they go through?
Describe parasympathetic innervation
T1-5
Synapse in the sympathetic chain ganglia
Then go through the pulmonary plexus, and branch down the bronchi
Vagus nerve via the pulmonary plexus to intrinsic ganglia
DEVELOPMENT
Describe lung development in terms of
- Diverticulum formation
- Interaction with pleura
The respiratory diverticulum forms as an outpouching of the foregut
Elongates and bifurcates to form the trachea and lung buds
The lung buds branch into the pleura (like balloons) – making visceral and parietal pleura
