Anatomy: heart

Question 1

The heart in situ:

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the layers surrounding the heart?

Answer 2

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
- Parietal layer
- Pericardial space/cavity
- Visceral layer

Question 3

Where does the fibrous pericardium fuse?
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
Where does the parietal pericardium reflect to form the visceral pericardium?

Answer 3

To the great vessels superiorly, the central tendon of the diaphragm inferiorly
Limits the amount that heart tissue can swell when it fills with blood
At the great vessels

Question 4

Atria
- What kind of muscles does the right atrium have?
- Does the right atrium have a smooth part? Where?
- What is the name of the ridge where the above two parts join?
- Is the left atrium smooth?

Answer 4

Pectinate muscles
Yes - posterior part where the SVC and IVC come in, called the sinus venarum
Crista terminalis
Yes
Yes

Question 5

Ventricles
- Are their walls thicker than the atria?
- What muscles make up the ventricle walls? (NOT the valves)
- What is the name of the area inferior to the pulmonary valve, where these muscles disappear?

Answer 5

Yes
Trabeculae carnae
Conus arteriosus/infundibulum

Question 6

What are the 2 categories of valves, and the valves within them?

Answer 6

Semilunar valves: aortic and pulmonary
Atrioventricular valve: tricuspid valve and mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 7

The aortic and pulmonary valves have 3 cusps each.
Describe their location - left, right, anterior, posterior

Answer 7

Question 8

Name the cusps of the tricuspid and mitral valves.

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the names of the muscular and CT parts of the AV valves?

Answer 9

Papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae

Question 10

Fibrous skeleton
- What type of tissue makes it?
- What specific structures within the heart does it surround?
- What is its function?

Answer 10

Connective tissue
The openings of the 4 heart valves
Supports cusps and prevents distension of valves; site of attachment for atria/ventricle muscles - gives them a structure to contract relative to

Question 11

Describe the conduction system of the heart

Answer 11

Question 12

The great vessels?

Answer 12

Question 13

Label the branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 13

Question 14

Label the branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 14

Question 15

What is a right dominant heart? How common?
How about left dominant heart?

Answer 15

The posterior interventricular artery comes off the right coronary artery - 85%
Versus the left circumflex artery - 15% of the time

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Coronary veins

Answer 18

Question 19

What is the nerve plexus around the heart called?

Answer 19

The cardiac plexus

Question 20

Parasympathetic:
- What nerve? How does it get to synapses in the heart?

Answer 20

Vagus nerve - goes via cardiac plexus to intrinsic ganglia of the heart

Question 21

Sympathetic:
- What spinal cord levels?
- Where do they synapse?
- How do postganglionics get to heart?

Answer 21

T1-5 of the spinal cord
Paravertebral ganglia
Via cardiac plexus