Anatomy (lower)

Question 1

what are the superior and inferior boundaries of the gluteal region?

Answer 1

Superior: iliac crest.
Inferior: gluteal sulcus (groove beneath gluteal fold)

Question 2

what is the correct term for your butt crack?

Answer 2

intergluteal cleft

Question 3

What exits the greater sciatic foramen? What ligament helps form it?

Answer 3

Gluteal neurovascular bundles, piriformis muscle, sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery, obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve.

Ligament: sacrospinous ligament

Question 4

What enters the lesser sciatic foramen? What exits it? What ligaments help form it?

Answer 4

Enter: pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery, obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve.
Exit: obturator internus

Ligaments: sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament (on ischial tuberosity).

Question 5

What are the cutaneous nerves of the gluteal region called?

Answer 5

cluneal nerves

Question 6

What are the deep nerves of the gluteal region?

Answer 6

sacral plexus branches (leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen)

Question 7

What are the 3 types of cluneal nerves in the gluteal region? What do they arise from and what do they innervate?

Answer 7

Superior cluneal branches [Dorsal rami (L1-L3), innervate superior gluteal cutaneous region],
Middle cluneal branches [Dorsal rami (S1-S3), innervate sacrum and adjacent area],
Inferior cluneal branches [gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3 VENTRAL branches) supplies inferior 1/3 of gluteal region].

Question 8

What are the two nerves of the gluteal region that have both dorsal and ventral roots?

Answer 8

Sciatic nerve and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 9

What divides the superior gluteal nerve from the inferior gluteal nerve?

Answer 9

Piriformis muscle

Question 10

What does the superior gluteal nerve run with? Run between? What does it supply?

Answer 10

runs with superior gluteal artery.
runs between gluteus medius and gluteus medius.
Supplies gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae.

Question 11

What does the inferior gluteal nerve run with? What does it supply?

Answer 11

runs with inferior gluteal artery.

Supplies gluteus maximus.

Question 12

What does sciatic nerve arise from? What’s interesting about it?

Answer 12

Arises from L4-S3 ventral rami.
Largest nerve in the body (as big as your thumb), innervates everything in posterior thigh and everything in the leg and foot.

Question 13

Where does the sciatic nerve leave the pelvis? Where does it run? Where does it divide?

Answer 13

Leaves pelvis inferior to piriformis.
Runs inferiorly deep to gluteus maximus.
Usually divides 1/2 way down thigh into the tibial n. and common fibular n.
Doesn’t supply any gluteal structures.

Question 14

What’s a common way to damage the sciatic nerve? What can happen?

Answer 14

Most common: posterior hip dislocation (car crash), can cause damage to sciatic n., can result in paralysis of hamstrings and muscles distal to knee, sensory change can occur in skin over posterolateral aspects of leg and most of foot.

Question 15

Does a dislocation or a fracture of the hip result in the leg turned medially and a little bit shorter? Laterally and a little bit shorter?

Answer 15

Dislocation= medial and a bit shorter.
Fracture= lateral and a bit shorter.

Question 16

What supplies more skin than any other cutaneous nerve? Where does it supply?

Answer 16

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve, supplies the back of the thigh and the popliteal fossa.

Question 17

What are the nerves of the small lateral rotators?

Answer 17

Quadratus Femoris/ Inferior Gemellus Nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Obturator Internus/ Superior Gemellus Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 18

Where does the Obturator Internus/Superior Gemellus Nerve leave the pelvis? Does it reenter the pelvis?

Answer 18

leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen, reenters pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen.