Anatomy LO questions Flashcards
1
Q
What are the constituents of the URT (4)
A
Right and left nasal cavities, oral cavity, naso-oro-laryngo-pharynx, larynx
2
Q
What are the constituents of the LRT (6)
A
Trachea, right and left main bronchi, lobular bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
3
Q
At which vertebral level does the URT end?
A
C6
4
Q
Trachea can be palpated where
A
Jugular notch of manubrium
5
Q
Each lung has how many bronchopulmonary segments?
A
10
6
Q
What are the true ribs of the thoracic skeleton
A
1-7
7
Q
What are the false ribs of the thoracic skeleton
A
8-10
8
Q
What are the floating ribs of the thoracic skeleton
A
11 & 12
9
Q
What’re the joints between the intercostals and cartilage called?
A
Costochondral joints
10
Q
What are cartilage-sternum joints called?
A
Sternocostal joints
11
Q
Tubercle of the rib articles with what
A
Transverse process of vertebra of same number
12
Q
Head of rib articulates with what
A
Body of vertebra of same number & body of rib superiorly
13
Q
The NVB of an intercostal sits where
A
The deep groove
14
Q
Posterior abdominal wall is supplied by which artery
A
Thoracic aorta
15
Q
Anterior abdominal wall supplied by which artery
A
Internal thoracic artery
16
Q
Posterior abdominal wall drained by which vessel
A
Azygous vein
17
Q
Anterior ramii of C3, C4, C5 organ
A
Diaphragm
18
Q
In the neck, the phrenic nerve descends over what
A
Anterior surface of scalenous anterior
19
Q
Elevation of ribs via intercostals increases which chest dimensions
A
AP and lateral
20
Q
Lateral quadrants of the breast drain to which nodes
A
Axillary nodes
21
Q
Medial quadrants of breast drain to which nodes
A
Parasternal nodes
22
Q
The horizontal fissure is present only in which lung
A
Right lung
23
Q
Fissure of the left lung is called
A
Oblique fissure
24
Q
Where is lung apex auscultated?
A
Superior to medial 1/3rd of clavicle
25
Where is the right middle lobe of the lung auscultated?
Between ribs 4 and 6 mid-clavicular line
26
The horizontal fissure follows which rib
Rib 4
27
The oblique fissures begin at which rib level
Rib 6
28
The oblique fissures of the lung rise to which vertebra level
T3
29
Where is the lung base best auscultated?
Scapular line at T11
30
Which CN tenses the soft palate during cough?
CN V (trigeminal)
31
Which CNs are involved in sneezing?
CN V, CN IX
32
Which CNs are involved in coughing?
CN IX, X
33
Carotid sheaths contain what
Vagus nerve, internal carotid artery, common carotid artery, internal jugular vein
34
At which point does the respiratory endothelium of the LRT drop off?
Terminal bronchioles / alveoli
35
Accessory muscles of inspiration (3)
- Pectoralis major (attches between sternum/ribs and humerus)
- Pectoralis minor (pulls ribs 3-5 toward coracoid process of scapula)
- SCM (ribs 1 and 2 to cervical vertebrae)
36
The larynx is supplied by branches of which nerve
CN X
37
Vocal chords adduct to close what
Rima glottidis
38
Which nerve runs in the inguinal canal?
Ilioinguinal nerve
39
Chronic cough is associated with which 3 types of hernia
Diaphragmatic, umbilical, incisional (inguinal and femoral)
40
What are the 2 types of hiatus hernia?
Paraoesphageal, sliding hiatus hernia
41
Where is a tension pneumothorax decompressed?
2nd or 3rd intercostal, midclavicular line
42
Spermatic cord contains which fascia (3)
Cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia, external spermatic fascia
43
Contents of spermatic chord (4)
- Vas deferens
- Testicular artery
- Pampiniform plexus
- Ilioingunal nerve
44
How do you differentiate a direct from indirect inguinal hernia?
Indirect will NOT reappear if you occlude the deep ring and ask patient to cough
45
Sutures of the skull are examples of which type of joint
Fibrous
46
The intervertebral disc is what kind of cartilage
Fibrocartilage
47
The epiphyseal growth plate is an example of which type of cartilage joint?
Primary
48
The intervertebral disc is an example of which type of joint?
Secondary cartilaginous
49
Flexion and extension take place in which plane?
Sagittal
50
What is opposition of the hand
Thumb and pinky together
51
What is extension of the hand
Stop, with thumb out
52
What is adduction of the thumb
Thumb pressed anteriorly
53
What is flexion of the thumb
Thumb across the palm
54
What's the most flexible synvovial joint?
Ball and socket
55
Which joint allows movement in ONE plane only?
Hinge synovial joint
56
The atlantoaxial joint is an example of which type of joint
Pivot synovial
57
Which type of joint allows opposition of the thumb?
Saddle synovial joint
58
The glenohumoral joint is between where
Humerous + Scapula (Glenoid fossa)
59
The elbow joint is between which bones?
Humerus + radius + ulna
60
The elbow joint is which type of joint
Hinge
61
The radio and ulna allow which type of movement
Pronation / supination via radioulnar joint
62
The radiocarpal bones are which type
Ellipsoid
63
What's the surface landmark for the gallbladder?
Right 9th costal cartilage, midclavicular line
64
Which lobe of liver is bigger?
Right
65
The porta hepatis is contained within which structure
Lesser omentum
66
The porta hepatis contains what three structures
1) Hepatic portal vein
2) Bile duct
3) Hepatic arteries (right and left)
67
What's the most posterior vessel within the porta hepatis?
Hepatic portal vein
68
What's the major source of blood for the liver?
Portal vein
69
The portal vein supplies what kind of blood to the liver? (2)
Rich in nutrients but deoxygenated
70
The hepatic veins drain into where
IVC
71
The Ampulla of Vater is a result of joining of what (2)
Common bile duct, main pancreatic duct
72
What's the difference between MRCP and ERCP?
MRCP is just a SCAN of the biliary tree, ERCP is with a catheter
73
The costovertebral joints are pump or bucket handle?
Pump
74
The sternocostal are bucket/pump joints?
Bucket
75
Where does the head of the rib articulate with?
Costal facets on vertebral body (level and superior) and transverse process
76
Where does the tubercle of the rib articulate?
Transverse process
77
What type of joint is the costovertebral joint?
Synovial plane
78
Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
Right
79
Respiratory distress muscles of respiration
SCM, pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, rectus abdominus
80
Types of pleura? (4)
Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal
81
In the right lung hilum, the pulmonary artery lies what to the bronchus?
Anterior
82
In the left lung hilum, the pulmonary artery lies what to the bronchus?
Superior
83
Which "stages" of cough are controlled by the vagus nerves
Adduct / abduct vocal chords, raise soft palate
84
The antero-lateral abdominal wall muscles are contracted by which nerves in cough
Intercostal nerves
85
Breathing in portion of cough (via diaphragm) is controlled by which nerve
Phrenic
86
In the neck, where is the phrenic nerve?
Anterior to anterior scalene
87
Phrenic nerve is anterior or posterior to lung hilum?
Posterior
88
The laryngeal prominence is AKA
Adam's Apple
89
Where does the right laryngeal nerve hook under?
Subclavian artery right
90
Where does the left laryngeal nerve hook under?
Arch of aorta
91
What muscles are that of the "six pack"
Rectus abdominus
92
Which direction do the innermost and internal obliques fibers run?
Same way as internal intercostals (hands on pecs)
93
What are the nerves of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
Thoracoabdominal, subcostal, ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric
94
Where is the mediastinum divided (which vertebra level)
T4
95
What's in the superior mediastinum?
Trachea, oesophagus, SVC, brachiocephalic vein, arch of aorta, thoracic duct, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve
96
What's in the anterior mediastinum?
Thymus
97
What's in the middle mediastinum?
Heart
98
What's in the posterior mediastinum?
Oesophagus, thoracic aorta, azygous vein, trachea, 2 main bronchi, sympathetic chains, thoracic duct
99
Innervation of the heart is via which plexus?
Cardiac / cardiopulmonary
100
Visceral afferent from reflex baroreceptors in the heart travel along which CN?
CN X (vagus)
101
Sympathetic innervation to the heart is supplied by which bunch of nerves?
Sympathetic chain
102
The cristae terminalis is what?
Division between rough and smooth muscle layers
103
The oval fossa is what
Remnant of foramen ovale
104
Which vertebral levels do the cardiopulmonary nerves emerge?
T1-T5
105
TRI before you BI is to remember what?
Passage of blood flow, tricuspid first
106
The tricuspid cusps are called what
Anterior, posterior and septal
107
The bicuspid cusps are called what
Anterior and posterior
108
What's the innermost layer of pericardium
Epicardium AKA Visceral serous pericardium
109
The left heart border is formed by what
Left ventricle
110
Right heart border is formed by what
Right atrium
111
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Smooth, cardiac, skeletal
112
Myofibrils are composed of many of which filaments?
Actin and myosin
113
What's a bundle of muscle fibers called?
Fascicle
114
Skeletal muscle is striated. True/false?
True
115
Term for a flattened tendon
Aponeurosis
116
What're the terms for attachment of muscle to bone?
Origin, insertion
117
Which muscle allows supination of the forearm?
Biceps brachii
118
Which attachment of the deltoid is responsible for abduction of the shoulder?
Acromion process
119
Extension of the shoulder is associated with which deltoid origin?
Scapula
120
Flexion of the shoulder is achieved by the origin of what on the deltoid
Lateral 1/3rd clavicle
121
Lower limb has how many compartments?
3 (anterior, medial, posterior)
122
Upper limb has how many compartments?
2
123
Each lung has how many lobar bronchi?
5
124
Most prominent feature of the bronchioles?
Smooth muscle
