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1st Year Anatomy > Anatomy LO questions > Flashcards

Anatomy LO questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the constituents of the URT (4)

A

Right and left nasal cavities, oral cavity, naso-oro-laryngo-pharynx, larynx

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2
Q

What are the constituents of the LRT (6)

A

Trachea, right and left main bronchi, lobular bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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3
Q

At which vertebral level does the URT end?

A

C6

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4
Q

Trachea can be palpated where

A

Jugular notch of manubrium

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5
Q

Each lung has how many bronchopulmonary segments?

A

10

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6
Q

What are the true ribs of the thoracic skeleton

A

1-7

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7
Q

What are the false ribs of the thoracic skeleton

A

8-10

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8
Q

What are the floating ribs of the thoracic skeleton

A

11 & 12

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9
Q

What’re the joints between the intercostals and cartilage called?

A

Costochondral joints

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10
Q

What are cartilage-sternum joints called?

A

Sternocostal joints

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11
Q

Tubercle of the rib articles with what

A

Transverse process of vertebra of same number

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12
Q

Head of rib articulates with what

A

Body of vertebra of same number & body of rib superiorly

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13
Q

The NVB of an intercostal sits where

A

The deep groove

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14
Q

Posterior abdominal wall is supplied by which artery

A

Thoracic aorta

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15
Q

Anterior abdominal wall supplied by which artery

A

Internal thoracic artery

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16
Q

Posterior abdominal wall drained by which vessel

A

Azygous vein

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17
Q

Anterior ramii of C3, C4, C5 organ

A

Diaphragm

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18
Q

In the neck, the phrenic nerve descends over what

A

Anterior surface of scalenous anterior

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19
Q

Elevation of ribs via intercostals increases which chest dimensions

A

AP and lateral

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20
Q

Lateral quadrants of the breast drain to which nodes

A

Axillary nodes

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21
Q

Medial quadrants of breast drain to which nodes

A

Parasternal nodes

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22
Q

The horizontal fissure is present only in which lung

A

Right lung

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23
Q

Fissure of the left lung is called

A

Oblique fissure

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24
Q

Where is lung apex auscultated?

A

Superior to medial 1/3rd of clavicle

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25
Q

Where is the right middle lobe of the lung auscultated?

A

Between ribs 4 and 6 mid-clavicular line

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26
Q

The horizontal fissure follows which rib

A

Rib 4

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27
Q

The oblique fissures begin at which rib level

A

Rib 6

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28
Q

The oblique fissures of the lung rise to which vertebra level

A

T3

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29
Q

Where is the lung base best auscultated?

A

Scapular line at T11

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30
Q

Which CN tenses the soft palate during cough?

A

CN V (trigeminal)

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31
Q

Which CNs are involved in sneezing?

A

CN V, CN IX

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32
Q

Which CNs are involved in coughing?

A

CN IX, X

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33
Q

Carotid sheaths contain what

A

Vagus nerve, internal carotid artery, common carotid artery, internal jugular vein

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34
Q

At which point does the respiratory endothelium of the LRT drop off?

A

Terminal bronchioles / alveoli

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35
Q

Accessory muscles of inspiration (3)

A
  • Pectoralis major (attches between sternum/ribs and humerus)
  • Pectoralis minor (pulls ribs 3-5 toward coracoid process of scapula)
  • SCM (ribs 1 and 2 to cervical vertebrae)
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36
Q

The larynx is supplied by branches of which nerve

A

CN X

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37
Q

Vocal chords adduct to close what

A

Rima glottidis

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38
Q

Which nerve runs in the inguinal canal?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

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39
Q

Chronic cough is associated with which 3 types of hernia

A

Diaphragmatic, umbilical, incisional (inguinal and femoral)

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40
Q

What are the 2 types of hiatus hernia?

A

Paraoesphageal, sliding hiatus hernia

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41
Q

Where is a tension pneumothorax decompressed?

A

2nd or 3rd intercostal, midclavicular line

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42
Q

Spermatic cord contains which fascia (3)

A

Cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia, external spermatic fascia

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43
Q

Contents of spermatic chord (4)

A
  • Vas deferens
  • Testicular artery
  • Pampiniform plexus
  • Ilioingunal nerve
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44
Q

How do you differentiate a direct from indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Indirect will NOT reappear if you occlude the deep ring and ask patient to cough

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45
Q

Sutures of the skull are examples of which type of joint

A

Fibrous

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46
Q

The intervertebral disc is what kind of cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage

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47
Q

The epiphyseal growth plate is an example of which type of cartilage joint?

A

Primary

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48
Q

The intervertebral disc is an example of which type of joint?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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49
Q

Flexion and extension take place in which plane?

A

Sagittal

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50
Q

What is opposition of the hand

A

Thumb and pinky together

51
Q

What is extension of the hand

A

Stop, with thumb out

52
Q

What is adduction of the thumb

A

Thumb pressed anteriorly

53
Q

What is flexion of the thumb

A

Thumb across the palm

54
Q

What’s the most flexible synvovial joint?

A

Ball and socket

55
Q

Which joint allows movement in ONE plane only?

A

Hinge synovial joint

56
Q

The atlantoaxial joint is an example of which type of joint

A

Pivot synovial

57
Q

Which type of joint allows opposition of the thumb?

A

Saddle synovial joint

58
Q

The glenohumoral joint is between where

A

Humerous + Scapula (Glenoid fossa)

59
Q

The elbow joint is between which bones?

A

Humerus + radius + ulna

60
Q

The elbow joint is which type of joint

A

Hinge

61
Q

The radio and ulna allow which type of movement

A

Pronation / supination via radioulnar joint

62
Q

The radiocarpal bones are which type

A

Ellipsoid

63
Q

What’s the surface landmark for the gallbladder?

A

Right 9th costal cartilage, midclavicular line

64
Q

Which lobe of liver is bigger?

A

Right

65
Q

The porta hepatis is contained within which structure

A

Lesser omentum

66
Q

The porta hepatis contains what three structures

A

1) Hepatic portal vein
2) Bile duct
3) Hepatic arteries (right and left)

67
Q

What’s the most posterior vessel within the porta hepatis?

A

Hepatic portal vein

68
Q

What’s the major source of blood for the liver?

A

Portal vein

69
Q

The portal vein supplies what kind of blood to the liver? (2)

A

Rich in nutrients but deoxygenated

70
Q

The hepatic veins drain into where

A

IVC

71
Q

The Ampulla of Vater is a result of joining of what (2)

A

Common bile duct, main pancreatic duct

72
Q

What’s the difference between MRCP and ERCP?

A

MRCP is just a SCAN of the biliary tree, ERCP is with a catheter

73
Q

The costovertebral joints are pump or bucket handle?

A

Pump

74
Q

The sternocostal are bucket/pump joints?

A

Bucket

75
Q

Where does the head of the rib articulate with?

A

Costal facets on vertebral body (level and superior) and transverse process

76
Q

Where does the tubercle of the rib articulate?

A

Transverse process

77
Q

What type of joint is the costovertebral joint?

A

Synovial plane

78
Q

Which lung has a horizontal fissure?

A

Right

79
Q

Respiratory distress muscles of respiration

A

SCM, pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, rectus abdominus

80
Q

Types of pleura? (4)

A

Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal

81
Q

In the right lung hilum, the pulmonary artery lies what to the bronchus?

A

Anterior

82
Q

In the left lung hilum, the pulmonary artery lies what to the bronchus?

A

Superior

83
Q

Which “stages” of cough are controlled by the vagus nerves

A

Adduct / abduct vocal chords, raise soft palate

84
Q

The antero-lateral abdominal wall muscles are contracted by which nerves in cough

A

Intercostal nerves

85
Q

Breathing in portion of cough (via diaphragm) is controlled by which nerve

A

Phrenic

86
Q

In the neck, where is the phrenic nerve?

A

Anterior to anterior scalene

87
Q

Phrenic nerve is anterior or posterior to lung hilum?

A

Posterior

88
Q

The laryngeal prominence is AKA

A

Adam’s Apple

89
Q

Where does the right laryngeal nerve hook under?

A

Subclavian artery right

90
Q

Where does the left laryngeal nerve hook under?

A

Arch of aorta

91
Q

What muscles are that of the “six pack”

A

Rectus abdominus

92
Q

Which direction do the innermost and internal obliques fibers run?

A

Same way as internal intercostals (hands on pecs)

93
Q

What are the nerves of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Thoracoabdominal, subcostal, ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric

94
Q

Where is the mediastinum divided (which vertebra level)

A

T4

95
Q

What’s in the superior mediastinum?

A

Trachea, oesophagus, SVC, brachiocephalic vein, arch of aorta, thoracic duct, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve

96
Q

What’s in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus

97
Q

What’s in the middle mediastinum?

A

Heart

98
Q

What’s in the posterior mediastinum?

A

Oesophagus, thoracic aorta, azygous vein, trachea, 2 main bronchi, sympathetic chains, thoracic duct

99
Q

Innervation of the heart is via which plexus?

A

Cardiac / cardiopulmonary

100
Q

Visceral afferent from reflex baroreceptors in the heart travel along which CN?

A

CN X (vagus)

101
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the heart is supplied by which bunch of nerves?

A

Sympathetic chain

102
Q

The cristae terminalis is what?

A

Division between rough and smooth muscle layers

103
Q

The oval fossa is what

A

Remnant of foramen ovale

104
Q

Which vertebral levels do the cardiopulmonary nerves emerge?

A

T1-T5

105
Q

TRI before you BI is to remember what?

A

Passage of blood flow, tricuspid first

106
Q

The tricuspid cusps are called what

A

Anterior, posterior and septal

107
Q

The bicuspid cusps are called what

A

Anterior and posterior

108
Q

What’s the innermost layer of pericardium

A

Epicardium AKA Visceral serous pericardium

109
Q

The left heart border is formed by what

A

Left ventricle

110
Q

Right heart border is formed by what

A

Right atrium

111
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Smooth, cardiac, skeletal

112
Q

Myofibrils are composed of many of which filaments?

A

Actin and myosin

113
Q

What’s a bundle of muscle fibers called?

A

Fascicle

114
Q

Skeletal muscle is striated. True/false?

A

True

115
Q

Term for a flattened tendon

A

Aponeurosis

116
Q

What’re the terms for attachment of muscle to bone?

A

Origin, insertion

117
Q

Which muscle allows supination of the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii

118
Q

Which attachment of the deltoid is responsible for abduction of the shoulder?

A

Acromion process

119
Q

Extension of the shoulder is associated with which deltoid origin?

A

Scapula

120
Q

Flexion of the shoulder is achieved by the origin of what on the deltoid

A

Lateral 1/3rd clavicle

121
Q

Lower limb has how many compartments?

A

3 (anterior, medial, posterior)

122
Q

Upper limb has how many compartments?

A

2

123
Q

Each lung has how many lobar bronchi?

A

5

124
Q

Most prominent feature of the bronchioles?

A

Smooth muscle

1st Year Anatomy (2 decks)

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