Anatomy Limbs Flashcards
WHich muscle originate here?
Name the origins shown here?
What are the 4 joints of the pectoral girdle?
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Glenohumeral joint
- Scapulothoracic joint
F. Name 2 medial and 2 lateral bony attachments of the carpal tunnel
Medial - pisiform, hook of hamate
Lateral - scaphoid, trapezium
Describe the 2 main symptoms that people with carpal tunnel syndrome complain of
Pain and paresthesia of thumb, index finger, middle finger, half of ring finger. I.e. sensory area of median neve
What is the contents of the carpal tunner?
- flexor digitorum profundus (four tendons)
- flexor digitorum superficialis (four tendons)
- flexor pollicis longus (one tendon)
- the median nerve
flexor carpi radialis (one tendon), considered by some as part of the carpal tunnel although it is more precise to state that it travels in the flexor retinaculum which covers the carpal tunnel, rather than running in the tunnel itself.
Which vein, found in the cupital fossa, is often used for phlebotomy?
Median cubital vein
Where do you palpate the posterior tibial artery?
behind the medial maleolus
Name the contents of the Carpal Tunnel and what forms it:
Formed by the bony arch of the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum
Median Nerve
Tendon of flexor pollicus longus
4 x tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
4 x tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
In the forearm, which compartment does the Radial Nerve supply?
Radial nerve supplies all posterior compartment muscles
Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the arm ?
The anterior compartments of the forearm are supplied by the median nerve except for the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus (which is supplied by Ulnar)
What are the main nerves of the forearm?
Describe the veins of the arm
Which muscles are supplied by the axillary nerve ?
Arises from posterior cord of brachilal plexus and supplies deltoid and teres minor. also sensory innervation to the “regimental patch” of skin on upper arm
What is the contents of the femoral triangle?
Femoral Nerve
Femolar Artery
Femoral Vein
Which tendon is not present in the forearms of some people
Palmaris longus
What demarcates the borders of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Medial head of gastrocnemius
Lateral head of gastrocnemius
Which spinal nerves supply the Knee jerk and ankle jerk reflex ?
Knee jerk L3
Ankle jerk S1
Where do you palpate the femoral artery?
in the mid-inguinal point
What demarcates the borders of the femoral triangle?
Superiorly - Inguinal ligament
Medially - adductor longus
Laterally - sartorius
What does the median nerve supply?
•Motor to:
Anterior compartment of the forearm and LOAF-
Lumbricals I and II
(Thenar muscles:)
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollics brevis
•Sensory to:
–Palmar surface of thumb, IF, MF and half of RF
–Some of the dorsal surface of those digits
In the hand, what does the ulnar nerve supply?
Superficial branch, sensory to;
- palmar surfaces of LF and half of RF
Deep branch, motor to;
- hypothenar muscles
- adductor pollicis
- lumbricals III and IV
- all the interossei
i.e. all of the hand mucles except the thenar muscles and the lateral 2 lumbricals
What are the thenar muscles? (3)
Adductor policis brevis
Felxor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
What is the sensory innervation of the anterior hand ?
- Median supplies thenar muscles and the lateral 2 lumbricals
- Ulnar supplies all of the other intrinsic hand muscles
What are the attachements of the carpal tunnel?
–Scaphoid, trapezoid, pisiform, hamate
What are the 3 types of grip?
Power grip
Precision grip
Hook grip
Which muscles are required for a power grip?
–long flexors of the fingers and thumb
–intrinsic muscles of the palm
–extensors of the wrist joint!
What nerve roots make up the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
Which roots make up the Superior, Middle and Inferior trunks?
Superior - C5-C6
Middle - C7
INFERIOR - C8-T1
What are the 3 divisions of the brachial plexus?
Lateral
Posterior
Medial
Which nerve roots supply the reflexes?
S1,2 = ankle jerk L3,4 = knee jerk C5,6 = biceps and brachioradialis C7,8 = triceps
One, two– buckle my shoe. Three, four– kick the door. Five, six– pick up sticks. Seven, eight– shut the gate.
Which nerve roots supply small muslces of the the hand (fine movements)
C8-T1
What are the terminal branches of the posterior cord?
Axillary and the radial neerves
Which nerve is commonly damamged in shoulder dislocations?
Axillary nerve
Why is the radial nerve commonly damamged and what is the result of this
It runs very closely to the bone inthe spiral groove so a break to the humerus can damage the radial nerve
Cause wrist drop (loss of power grip as flexor tendons cannot be shortened) and anaesthesia of the dorsal palm
(loss of arm extension if damage further up)
What is the terminal branch of the lateral cord?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm:
- Coracobrachialis
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
Skin of lateral aspect of the forearm
From which cord is the ulnar nerve derived?
Medial cord
What results from damamge to the ulnar nerve?
Claw deformity
Loss of lumbrical contraction means loss of flexion of the MPJs and weakened extension of the IPJs.
What is the ulnar paradox and why does this happen?
Ulnar injury at the wrist results in a more severe deformity (clawing) than injury at the elbow
This is because the ulnar nerve also innervates the ulnar half of FDP, flexion of the IP joints is weakened, therefore less claw-like appearance
What forms the median nerve?
Lateral root which is a branch of lateral cord and the medial root of the medial cord
Which parts of the hand does the median nerve innervate?
Sensory = thumb , index finger, middle finger and half of the ring finger
Motor = recurrent branch supplies the muscles of the thenar eminence DOES NOT INCLUDE ADDUCTOR POLLICIS, AS THIS IS ULNAR NERVE
Where does the long thoracic nerve arrise and what does it innervate?
Posterior aspect of anterior rami of C5, C6, C7.
Innervates serratus anterior
Name a conditions (palsy ) that might cause injury to the upper roots and what might be thre reslt of this?
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
=”Waiter’s Tip” position. Forearm pronated by lack of biceps supinatio. Loss of flexion at the elbow. Flexion of the wrist.
Name a condition that might result from injury to lower roots
Klumpke’s palsy. T1 (sometimes c8)
Loss of their activity results in clawed hand.
Name the bones of the pelvis
What is the line down the posterior surface of the femur called
Linea aspera
Name the two ligaments and the foramina they form (in blue )
WHat are the fascia of the thigh called?
Name this muscle
Name these muscles
What is the name of nerve that supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Thoracodorsal nerve
What are the borders of the femoral triangle ?
–Superiorly – the inguinal ligament
–Medially – adductor longus
–Laterally - sartorius
Which 4 ligaments reinforce the capsule of the hip?
Ligament of the head of the femur
Ilio-femoral ligament
Pubo-femoral ligament
Ischio-femoral ligament
What is the blood supply to the femoral head?
2 branches of the profunda femoris
Lateral circumflex artery
Medial circumflex artery
(Also Acetabular branch of the obturator artery*)
What are the 5 muscle of the deep gluteal compartment?
Piriformis
Obturator internis
Superior gamellus
Inferior gamellus
Quadratus femoris
What ere the 4 heads of the quadriceps?
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
What are the 6 muscles of the medial compartment and what innervates (most of them)
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Pectineus**
**This is the exception. This adductor is supplied by the femoral nerve.
