Anatomy Intro Flashcards
Aneurysm
Bulging of vessel due to breakdown of elastic layer–may lead to hemorrhage
Anastomosis
Communication of blood vessels–results in Collateral circulation
Deep vein Thrombosis
blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body. Blood clots occur when blood thickens and clumps together
3 important functions of lymphatic system
- Transport interstitial fluid back to circulatory system
- Resist diseases–filtration
- Absorb digested fats
- Right lymphatic duct drains
2. Tharacic duct
- R. head, neck, thorax, and upper extremity
2. everything else
Capillary types
- Continuous capillaries: uninterrupted lining
- Fenestrated capillaries: intestine, kidneys–active absorption or filtration
- Sinusoids: Liver, bone marrow–irregular shapes, large diameter
anastomosis allows for?
Collateral circulation
Right Lymphatic Duct (largest lymphatic vessels) drains?
Right side of head, neck, thorax, upper extremity–drains at junction of right internal jugular vein and right brachiocephalic vein
Thoracic Duct drains?
Rest of body–drains at junction of L internal jugular vein and L brachiocephalic vein
No lymphatic capillaries in…?
CNS, bone marrow, teeth
Lymphatic collecting vessels?
thin-walled, have valves
Right Ventricle –> Left atrium
Pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary artery –> Lungs – > L atrium
Blood to Right hand from heart?
Aorta –> R brachicephalic Trunk –> subclavian (after Common carotid) –> Axillary a. (after clavicle) –> Brachial a. (after teres major muscle) –> Radial & Ulnar a.’s (after elbow)
3 veins with different names than arteries?
Renal veins (R and L), Vena Cava, Common illiac V.
3 unpaired arteries of GI tract?
celiac trunk (first main a. after diaphram), superior mesenteric a. (second main branch from abdominal aorta–at same level as L and R renal a.), inferior mesenteric a.
Abdominal aorta –> foot
abdominal aorta –> common iliac a. –> external iliac (at junction btwn external and internal iliac) –> Femoral a. (after inguinal ligament at anterior superior iliac crest –> popliteal a. (at posterior knee) –> anterior tibial a. –> Dorsalis pedis a
ECM Fibers
- Collagen–bundles–flex no stretch
- Elasstic–solitary–stretch–network
- Reticular-fine
Connective tissue cells?
immature: blasts –make ground substance
mature: cytes–maintain health of ground substance
Undifferentiated CT cell
Mesenchyme–star shaped
Connective tissue proper
Loose
Dense
Loose connective tissue
- Areolar–all fiber types–under epithelium–cushion organs–salt reservoir–allows movement.
- Adipose–highly vascular–collagen & reticular
- Reticular–reticular fibers–fibroblasts–support blood cells–immune–lymph organs, bone marrow, spleen
Dense CT
- Dense regular–collagen same direction
2. Dense irregular–collagen various directions
Dense Regular CT
poorly vascularized–tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis–nonelastic
Dense Irregular CT
High vascularity–dermis, fascia, joint capsule–withstand multidirectional tension
Cartilage characteristics
like dense CT/ bone–avascular & non-inervated– collagen & elastin–hyalonic acid
Cartilage types
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
Perichondrium
dense irregular–doesn’t cover articulations–
space for chondrocytes
lacunae
Most common cartilage
Hyaline–collagen fibers–reinforce, cushion–growth of long bones–septum, epyphaseal plate, trachea, rib ends,
Makes up external ear and epiglottis
Elastic cartilage–collagen and elastic fibers–more flex than hyaline
cartilage making up intervertebral discs, TMJ, meniscus of knee
Fibrocartilage–transition btwn hyaline and elastic cartilage–course collagen fibers–few chondrocytes
bone makeup?
dynamic tissue w/ much vascularization–inorganic minerals–
organic matrix of bone?
collagen fibers–glycoproteins–proteoglycans
structural unit of bone?
osteon
central canal of bone?
blood vessels and nerves
lamellae
concentric layers of bone matrix–collagen fibers
function of bone
support, attachment, hematopoiesis, fat storage, mineral storage
periostium/perichondrium
Dense irregular CT–ligamentous attachment
Fibers in blood
soluable proteins only visible during clotting
tunica media
endothelial layer–single layer of simple squamous
tunica adventitia
aka externa–collagen fibers and CT protect and anchor
Artery types
Elastic–big arteries near heart
Muscular–thick tunica media–most named arteries
small arteries/arterioles–empty into capilaries
smallest blood vessels?
capillaries–only tunica intima–nutrient exchange
most common capillaries?
continuous capillaries–no fenestrations–skin
capillaries in intestines and kidneys
fenestrated capillaries–for active absorption or filtration
leaky capillaries– found in liver and bone marrow
sinusoid capillaires–large lumen
veins with valves that accompany arteries
medium veins
