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Anatomy > Anatomy III Midterm Review > Flashcards

Anatomy III Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q 
All of the following can be palpated or percussed except: 
A. frontal sinuses, 
B. maxillary sinuses, 
C. mastoid process, 
D. sphenoid sinuses
A

Sphenoid sinuses

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2
Q

While performing a complete PE on a 20 y/o, you palpate a small nttp nodular midline mass that is located superior to the thyroid gland. Dx?

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

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3
Q

Atrophy of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles is associated w/ herniation of which IV discs?

A

L5-S1

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4
Q

All can be visually observed when mouth is closed except:
A. oral candidiasis,
B. uvular deviation d/t injury to CN X,
C. pharyngeal tonsillar hypertrophy,
D. geographic tongue assoc w/ psoriasis

A

Pharyngeal tonsillar hypertrophy

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5
Q 
26 y/o male construction worker is brought to the ED after traumatic accident where a steel beam dropped onto the top of his head.    Which of the following fractures is most likely caused by his injury?
A. Type I fx of C2 vertebra
B.  Burst fx of C1 vertebra
C. Compression fx of C7 vertebra
D. Pedicle fx of C3 vertebra
A

Burst fx of C1 vertebra

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6
Q

20 y/o female restrained driver sustained an apparent cervical spine hyperextension injury after a rear-end collision while at a stop light. Rad exam reveals several cervical vertebral body fractures and rupture of adjacent vertebral ligament. What ligament most likely ruptured during this hyperextension injury?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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7
Q

35 y/o police officer shot in back and develops Brown-Séquard syndrome (hemisection of spinal cord) @ level of T5 on right. What neuro findings would you expect on PE?

A

Impaired proprioception and vibration sensation on the right

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8
Q

26 y/o male presents to PCP w/ painful rash that worsened over last 2 days. PE reveals vesicular rash that is restricted to a band spanning from the spine around the right flank anteriorly to abruptly stop at the midline umbilicus. Dx w/ shingles. Which nerve is most likely involved?

A

T10

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9
Q 
Which of the following conditions is characterized clinically by combined UMN and LMN symptoms?
A.  Subacute combined degneration
B. ALS
C. Polymyelitis
D. Vit B12 deficiency
A

ALS

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10
Q

Bone marking of groove defined as?

A

Elongated depression or furrow

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11
Q 
All are actions of SNS except:
A.  Tachycardia
B. Ejaculation
C. Inhibition of urination
D. Bronchial smooth muscle contraction
A

Bronchial smooth muscle contraction

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12
Q

CN XI can be found in which triangle of the neck?

A

Posterior cervical

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13
Q 
Dural venous confluence of sinuses is the meeting place for all of the following except:
A. Superior sagittal sinus
B. Straight sinus
C. Frontal sinus
D. Occipital sinus
A

Frontal sinus

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14
Q 
During a LP, all are traversed by the spinal needle except:
A. Supraspinous ligament
B. Ligamentum flavum
C. Interspinous ligament
D. Posterior longitudinal ligament
A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

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15
Q 
Which of the following can result from acute otitis media?
A. Mastoiditis
B. Meningitis
C. Facial nerve paralysis
D. All over the above
A

All of the above

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16
Q 
All are possible complications of osteoporosis except:
A. Vertebral compression fractures
B. Kyphosis
C. Distal radius fracture
D. Osteoid osteoma of the femur
A

Osteoid osteoma of the femur

17
Q 
Of all the meningeal spaces, which is a "real" space (i.e. not a space that becomes a space pathologically)
A. Epidural space
B. Subdural space
C. Subarachnoid space
D. All are "real" spaces
A

Subarachnoid space

18
Q

26 y/o male undergoes surgical resection of a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Post-op, he is noted to have hoarseness of the voice. What nerve was most likely injured during surgery?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

19
Q

What are the primary curvatures of the vertebral column in an adult?

A

Thoracic and sacral kyphoses

20
Q

The basal ganglia include?

A

Caudate + putamen, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

21
Q 
A homonymous hemianopsia can be caused by a lesion in which of the following parts of the vision pathway?
A. Left optic nerve
B. Right optic tract
C. Left lateral geniculate body
D. Center of the optic chiasm
A

Right optic tract

22
Q

Loss of sensation at the level of the nipples reflects damage to what nerve?

A

T4

23
Q

Syringomyelia is characterized by a syrinx (pathological tubular cavity) which expands around the central canal and damages the anterior white commissure. What clinical finding would you expect?
A. Ipsilateral loss of pain sensation and DTR
B. Contralateral loss of proprioception
C. Bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation
D. Flaccid paralysis

A

Bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation

24
Q 
After a car crash, 26 y/o man presents w/ HA + midback px.  Rad exam reveals trauma to thoracic spine and bleeding from anterior and posterior internal vertebral venous plexuses.  Where is the blood most likely accumulating?
A. Epidural space
B. Lumbar triangle
C. Subarachnoid space
D. Subdural space
A

Epidural space

25
Q 
Which of the following back muscles can be visualized when the upper extremities are elevated?
A. Rhomboid + teres major
B. Trapezius
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. All of the above
A

All of the above

26
Q

The hangman fracture refers to?

A

Fracture of the pars interarticularis of C2 d/t abrupt hyperextension

27
Q 
With swallowing, all of the following visibly rise and then fall to their resting positions except:
A. Thyroid cartilage
B. Cricoid cartilage
C, Thyroid gland
D. Hyoid bone
A

Hyoid bone

28
Q

CSF drains from the 4th ventricle into?

A

The central canal

29
Q

In determining the correct level of entry of a spinal needle for an LP, palpating the superior iliac crests and following the interconnecting supracristal plane will most readily guide you to which structure?

A

L4 vertebral body

30
Q

64 y/o man w/ hx of HTN + DMT2 is brought into ED w/ sudden onset of right-sided hemiplegia, conjugate eye deviation toward the left, and a difficulty initiating speech. Infarction of what vessel most likely caused his current clinical situation?

A

Upper division of left middle cerebral artery

31
Q

64 y/o male w/ hx of HTN + DMT2 is brought into ED w/ sudden onset of right-sided hemiplegia, conjugate eye deviation toward the left, and a difficulty initiating speech. Based on symptoms, what region is most likely involved?

A

Broca’s area

32
Q 
22 y/o woman brought into ED after MVA.  Restrained driver of car going 50 mph that crashed into rear of another car.  Driver-side airbag did not deploy.  Her head jerked forward, impacting the steering wheel, and then jerked backward, impacting the headrest.  She remained conscious during the entire event.  She c/o runny nose and states she cannot smell anything properly.  Which of the following is the most likely cause of her current sx?
A. Fx of temporal bone
B. Basilar skull fx
C. Fx of cribiform plate
D. Epidural hematoma
A

Fx of cribiform plate

33
Q

22 y/o woman brought into ED after MVA. Restrained driver of car going 50 mph that crashed into rear of another car. Driver-side airbag did not deploy. Her head jerked forward, impacting the steering wheel, and then jerked backward, impacting the headrest. She remained conscious during the entire event. She c/o runny nose and states she cannot smell anything properly. What is the explanation for the runny nose?

A

CSF leak

34
Q

24 y/o man brought to ED after being attacked outside bar. Says some person came up to him and hit him on the left side of his head w/ a baseball bat. Police happened to pass by and interrupt the attack. One officer thought he had a mild concussion but still recommended he go to the ED. PE revealed contusion over left temporal bone. He was completely conscious + had appropriate mentation. He was discharged w/ analgesics and advised to return if he felt worse. His roommate came home the next day and found the pt face down on the floor non-responsive. Most likely diagnosis?
A. Subdural hematoma causing uncal herniation
B. SAH causing herniation through foramen magnum
C. ICH of the medulla oblongata
D. Epidural hematoma from the middle meningeal artery which continued bleeding

A

Epidural hematoma from the middle meningeal artery which continued bleeding

35
Q 
Decussation of the pyramids of the medulla involves which of the following?
A. Descending corticospinal fibers
B. Ascending spinothalamic fibers
C. Descending cerebellospinal fibers
D. Ascending dorsal column fibers
A

Descending corticospinal fibers

36
Q

Damage to the right oculomotor nerve (CN III) would result in which of the following:
A. Upward and inward mvt of R eye d/t unopposed action of the right medial rectus and inferior oblique muscles
B. Constriction of the right pupil d/t increased tone of the constrictor pupillae muscle
C. Downward and outward mvt of the right eye d/t unopposed action of the right superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles
D. Ptosis of the right eyelid d/t inhibition of the orbicularis oris muscles

A

Downward and outward mvt of the right eye d/t unopposed action of the right superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles

37
Q

42 y/o obese woman presents to the ED c/o severe headache “worst of my life!” Began 1 hr ago and has been unrelenting despite taking acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Admits to smoking crystal meth earlier in the day. Afebrile + BP of 180/100 w/ pulse of 100bp. She is exhibiting some neck and back px as well, but no chest pain. CT scan demonstrates a SAH in the right sylvian fissure. What is a possible dreaded complication of her condition?

A

Cerebral ischemia secondary to vasospasm

Anatomy (3 decks)

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