Anatomy III Flashcards
1
Q
V1, N.opthamlicus
A
Foramen: orbital fissure
Branches: N.lacrimlaes, N.frontalis
2
Q
V2, N.maxillaris
A
Foramen: Rostral alar foramen
Branches: N.zygomaticus, N.infraorbitale,
3
Q
V3, N.mandibularis
A
Foramen: Ovale
Branches: N.buccalis, n.auriculotemporalis, n.alveolaris inferior, nn.mentales, n.linguales
4
Q
N.mylohyoideus
A
n.mandibularis —> n.alveolaris inferior —> n.mylohyoideus, found ventrally on mandible
5
Q
N.hypoglossus
A
Runs with A.lingualis, lies medially on digastricus muscle, motor nerve , foramen hypoglossus
6
Q
N.alveolaris mandibularis/inferior
A
Passes in-between the median and lateral pterygoid muscle, gives of N.mylohyoideus. Enter through the mandibular foramen into alveolar canal, exit via mental foramen
7
Q
N.linguales
A
leaves the mandibular nerve by the stylohyoid bone, then course medially on the mylohyoid muscle. Gives of N.sublinguales. Sensory nerve (2/3 of the tongue)
8
Q
m.pterygoideus medialis
A
O: fossa pterygopalatina
I: fossa pterygoidea (medially, below for.mandibula)
A: grinding, close jaw
9
Q
m.pterygoideus lateralis
A
O: ventral to alaris canalis, and fissura orbitales from sphenoid bone
I: fovea pterygoidea (medially, next to processus paracondylaris of mandible)
A: grinding, closes jaw
10
Q
Muscles of the tongue: intrinsic
A
fibra longtitudinales superficiales, profunda and fibra perpendiculares
11
Q
Muscles of the tongue: extrinsic
A
m. styloglossus, m.geniglossus, m.hyoglossus
12
Q
N.glossopharyngeus
A
transect m.stylopharyngeus , caudal to stylohyoid bone. CN # IX
13
Q
N.vagus
A
“Vagosympathetic trunk” runs with common carotid and internal jugular vein
14
Q
N.accessorius
A
innervates the sternocleidomastoideus group of muscles
15
Q
Vagous group
A
CN:
IX N.glossopharyngus
X N.vagus
XI N.accessorius
16
Q
A.carotis externa
A
A.occipitales A. laryngea cran A.ascending laryneal ? A.lingules A.faciales A auriculare caudale A.parotidea A superficial temporal A.maxillaris
17
Q
Soft palate muscles
A
m. palatinus
m. tensor veli palatinus
m. levator veli palatini
18
Q
Larynx: extrinsic muscles
A
m. thyrohyoideus
m. hyoepiglotticus
m. sternothyroideus
19
Q
Larynx: intrinsic muscles
A
m. cricothyroideus
m. cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
m. cricoarytenoideus lateralis
m. thyroarytenoideus
m. arytenoideus transversus
m. vocalis
m. ventricularis
20
Q
m.omotrasversarius
A
O:distal part of spina scapula
I:caudal boarder of ala atlantis
21
Q
m.sternocephalicus
A
O: sternum manubri
I: m.sternomastoideus: mastoid part of temporal bone
m:sternooccipitalis: nuchal crest of occipital bone
22
Q
m.brachiocephalicus
A
m.cleidobrachialis:
O: distal cranial surface of humerus and crust humeri
I: clavicular intersection
m.cleidocephalicus
O: clavicular intersection
I: m.cleidomastoideus: mastoid part of temporal bone
m.cleidocervicales: dorsal midline(raphne cervicis) over cranial half of neck
23
Q
Lc. cervicale
A
cranial to m.suprasninatus, on lateral surface of neck, covered by skin, fascia and muscles
24
Q
N.accessorius
A
innervates m.sternocleidomastoideus group
25
m.pectoralis profundus (ascendens)
O: all sterner of sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs
I: minor tubercle of humerus
26
m.pectoralis superficialis (2 parts)
O: m.pectroalis desendence: sternum manibri
m. pectoralis transrversus: 1-3rd sternebra
I: crest of greater tubercle of humerus, upper part of crista humeri
27
nn.pectoralis craniale et caudale
cranial: ventral branch of C6,C7,C8
caudal: ventral branch C8,T1,T2
Look between superficial and deep pectoral muscles
28
N.thoracodorsalis
C8(C6,C7) runs with A.thoracodorsalis, supplies the m.lattisimus dorsi
29
N.thoracicus longus
Runs across muscle belly of mm. serrates ventralis
30
N.thoracicus longus
C7, Runs across muscle belly of mm. serrates ventralis
31
N.thoracicus lateralis
C8, T1, T2, has some branches that intermingle with intercostal nerves. Should be seen daily simple coursing the space between m.lattisimus dorsi and m.pectroales profundus
32
Root of plexus brachialis
Situated cranially to the first rib. Composed of spinal nerves originating from the segment of C6-C8, T1, T2
nn. subscapulare
n. suprascapularis
n. musculocutaneous
n. axillaris
n. radialis
n. medianus
n. ulnarisn.braciocephalic?
33
n.suprascapularis
C6-C7, supplies the supraspinatus muscle
34
n. musculocutaneous
C6-C8, runs next to the biceps muscle, tucked away
35
n. musculocutaneous
C6-C8, runs next to the biceps muscle, tucked away, supplies all cranial muscles of the brachium
36
n.radialis
C7-C8, T1,T2, thick nerve perforating the triceps, can be found on the lateral aspect of the forelimb, just above the elbow joint
37
n.radialis
C7-C8, T1,T2, thick nerve perforating the triceps, can be found on the lateral aspect of the forelimb, just above the elbow joint, search under the most distal boarder of the lateral head of the triceps. There is a deep radial nerve and a superficial radial nerve which further divides into a lateral and median portion. Motor nerve of all EXTENSORS of elbow, carpus and digits of the forelimb.
38
n.medianus
C8,T1,T2, runs on medial aspect of limb, runs beside median artery
39
n.ulnaris
C8, T1, T2 runs on medial aspect of limb, heads toward olecranon, gives off a cutaneous ulna branch going caudally, caudal cutaneous antibrachial nerve
40
ln. axillaris proprium
buried around "octopus leg", around a.thoracaodorsalis
41
ln. axillaris accessorius
not always present, found between pectorals and lattisimus dorsi
42
m.scalenus (2 parts)
O: m.scalenus dorsalis: transverse proc. C4-C6
m.scalenus medius: transverse proc. C6-C7
I: m.scalenus dorsalis 2 parts:
dorsally situated on first four ribs
ventrally situated first 9 ribs
m.scalenus medius: cranial boarder of first rib
43
n.ulnaris, n.medianus
originate together and split at the level of the shoulder joint or just above
44
n.medianus, n.musculocutaneous
have a communicating branch called rams communicans, that forms sort of a loop around the A. brachialis
45
n. radialis superficialis
Look for cephalic vein, cranial superficial anti brachial artery, - lateral and medial. Superficial radial nerve, - lateral and medial
46
m.extensor carpi radialis
O: lateral epicondyle, crest of humerus
I: Mc II-III
A: strongest extensor of carpal joints
47
m.extensor carpi ulnaris
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, behind collateral ligament
I: Mc. V base - tendon to accessory carpal bone
A: help support weight in extension and also flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of carpal joint
48
m. extensor digitorium communis
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: digits II-V
A: extends carpus and joints of digits II-V
49
m.extensor digitorum lateralis
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: digits III-V
A: extends carpus and joint of digit III-V
50
m.extensor digiti pollicis et indicis
O: middle third of ulna
I: pollicis: head of MC I, indicis: distal phalanx digit II
A: extends digits I-II
51
m.abductor digiti ( I.) pollicis longus
O: adjacent lateral surface of radius and ulna, and from interossus membrane
I: Mc I base (medially)
A: extends and abducts digit I
52
m.supinator
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: cranial surface of proximal part of radius
A: supinates forearm and forefoot
53
m.brachioradialis
O: lateral supracondylar crest
I: distally medially on radius
A: supinates forearm and forefoot
54
m. pronator teres
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: craniomedial surface of radius upper part
A: pronates forearm
55
m.pronator quadratus
O and I: connect apposed surface of radius and ulna, fills interossus space (medially)
A: pranates forearm
56
m. flexor carpi radialis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Mc: II-III
A: flexes carpus
57
m. flexor carpi ulnaris
O: caput humerale, medial epicondyle of humerus, caput ulnare, proximal end of ulna
I: accessory carpal bone
A: flexes carpus
58
m. flexor digitorum superficiale
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: middle phalanx of digits II-V
A: flexes carpus and affected joint of digits II-V
59
m. flexor digitorum profundus
O: caput humerale, from median epicondyle of humerus, caput radiale, from proximo medially from radius and caput ulnare, from proximo, caudally from ulna
I: distal phalanx digits I-V
A: flexes carpus
60
N.trigeminus CN#V
V1. N.opthamicus
V2. N.maxillaris
V3. N.mandibularis
61
m.sartorius
dogs: cranial and caudal part
O: iliac crest, cranial ventral iliac spine, thoracolumbar fascia
I: cranial part, above stifle, caudal part: below stifle
62
m.pectineus
O: pecten ossis pubis, prepubic tendon
I. nedial hip of rough surface of femoral shaft
A: adduction of thigh
63
m.adductor
O: adductor longus, from rams craniale ossis pubis
m.adductor magnus et brevis arisign from symphesis pelvis, ramus caudalis ossis pubis and ramus ossis ischi
I: fascies aspera and labium lateral of femur
A: adduct hindlim, extends hip
64
m.gracilis
O: symphesis pelvis
I: medially on tibial crest, fascia cruris, tuber calcanei by accessory tendon to common calcaneal tendon
A: adducts hindlimb, extends hip, flexes stifle, extends tarsus
65
Superficial veins of hindlimb
```
Femoral vein
Sapenous vein
- lateral sapenous vein
- caudal branch
- cranial branch
- median saphenous vein
- caudal branch
- cranial branch
Plantar common digital vein
Dorsal common digital vein
```
66
Ln. popliteus
situated caudal to stifle joint in the popliteal region of the hindlimb
67
Plexus lumbalis
```
Composed of Nn. lumbales, number of lumbar nerves correspond with number of lumbar vertebra: 6 - Eq, Su, Ru 7 - Ca & Fe
Ventral branches:
cranial iliohypogastric nerve
caudal iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve
genitofemoral nerve
lateral cutaneous femoral nerve
femoral nerve
obturator nerve
```
68
Lumbar muscles:
Psoas minor, quadratus lumborum, iliopsoas
69
m.psoas minor
O: last few thoracic and 1-5th lumbar vertebra
I: arcuate line of iliac bone, near iliopubic eminence
A: vertebral column fixed: draw pelvic into deeper position, pelvis fixed: arches lumbar region and and flexes vertebral column
70
m.quadratus lumborum
O: 11-13th thoracic vertebra ventrally, last two ribs, transverse proc. lumbar vertebra
I: medial surface of iliac wing
A: fixation and dorsal flexion of vertebral column
71
m.iliopsoas
2 parts:
O: m.psoas major: starts ventrally from bodies and transverse proc. of lumbar vertebra, m.iliacus arises between arcuate line and lateral boarder of iliac bone
I: trochanter minor of femur (medially)
72
N.iliohypogastricus
L1,L2, divide into lateral and medial, medial branch nor th inguinal region, lateral branch, innervates the skin of the abdominal wall
73
N.ilioinguinales
L3, similar path to Nn. iliohypogastricus
74
N.genitofemoralis
L3,L4 runs caudal between the lumbar muscles, thin nerve, exits through inguinal canal
Innervates: median muscles of thigh, vulva/scrotum/prepuce, autonomous fibers to ensure "milk let down" ??
75
N. cutaneous femoralis lateralis
L4, innervates: skin over the distal thigh and the auriulatio genius
76
N.femoralis
L4,L5,L6
Strong nerve, found within psoas muscles
Continous as N.saphena as it enters the femoral canal
Innervates: quadriceps muscles (n.femoris), median muscles of thigh (n.saphena), down to tarsus caudally (n.saphena) N.saphena continuous distally with the a.saphena and the v. saphena mediana
77
N.obturatorius
L4,L5,L6, moves caudally to obturator foramen, leaves the pelvis, innervates adductor muscles, find this muscle the nerve courses across it
78
N. gluteus cranialis
innervates median and deep gluteal muscles and tensor fascia latae muscle, can be dissected with cranial gluteal artery. usually raises from L6,L7 and S1
79
N.gluteus caudalis
sole innervation, of the superficial gluteal muscles, variable origin but usually from L7, S1 and S2
80
N.ischiadicus
L6, L7, S1, S2, gives of lots of branches to the lateral muscles of the thigh.
- Lateral cutaneous sural nerve usually comes from the common fibular nerve
- Caudal cutaneous sural nerve usually comes from tibial nerve
- It terminates as the common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve
81
m.gluteus superficialis
O: sacrum and first caudal vertebra, partly from sacrotuberous ligament
I: tuberositas glutea
82
m.gluteus medius
O: crista ilíaca and gluteal surface of iliac bone
I: greater trochanter of femur
83
m.piriformis
O: last sacral and first caudal vertebra
I: greater trochanter of femur
84
m.gluteus profundus
O: gluteal surface and body of iliac bone
I: greater trochanter of femur
85
m.obturatorius externus
O: outer surface of pelvis, around foramen obturatum
I: trochanteric fossa of femur
86
m.obturatorius internus
O: inner surface of pelvis around foramen obturatum
I: after crossing lesser sciatic notch it will attach in trocanteric fossa of femur, its muscle belly runs over m.gemelli
87
m.quadratus femoris
O: ventral surface of tabula isis ischii
I: trochanteric fossa of femur
88
m.biceps femoris
O: cranial part: sacrotuberous ligament, caudal part: tuber ischiadicum
I: by means of fascia lata and crural fascia to patella, patellar ligament, and tibial tuberosity, tibial crest, tuber calcanei by accessory tendon
89
m.aductor cruris caudalis
O: distal part on sacrotuberous ligament
I: disappear in crural fascia on lateral side
90
m.semitendinosus
O: tuber ischiadicum
I: tibial crest (medially), tuber calcanei by means of accessory tendon
91
m.semimembranosus
O: ventral aspect of tuber ischiadicum
I: cranial belly distally on medial hip medial condyle og femur, caudal muscle belly on medial condyle of tibia
92
m.quadriceps femoris
O: rectus femoris: body of illeum, 3 vastus proximally on femur; vests lateralis: craniaolateral, craniomedial, and cranial surface
I: patella, and by means of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity
