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Anatomy > Anatomy II Exam > Flashcards

Anatomy II Exam Flashcards

1
Q

External Carotid Artery Branches

A 
S: Superior Thyroid
A: Ascending Pharyngeal
L: Lingual
F: Facial 
O: Occipital
P: Posterior auricular
M: Maxillary
S: Superficial temporal
"Sally Ann Likes Flirting on Philadelphia's Main Street"
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2
Q

Carotid Sinus

A
  • regulate BP and pulse (reflex pressoreceptor)

- innervated by glossopharyngeal n.

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3
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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4
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

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5
Q

Laryngeal nerves

A

recurrent laryngeal
superior laryngeal
vagus nerve

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6
Q

Nerves involved in gustation

A

vagus nerve
facial nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve

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7
Q

Near Response

A

eye convergence
pupil constriction
lens accomodation

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8
Q

Phases of swallowing (deglutition)

A

buccal phase

pharyngeal-esophageal phase

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9
Q

Wharton’s duct

A

Submandibular gland

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10
Q

Stenson’s duct

A

Parotid gland

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11
Q

Gravitational equilibrium

A

vestibule (utricle and saccule)

Otolith (freely moving ear stone that stimulates hair cell)

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12
Q

Otolith

A

freely moving ear stone that stimulates hair cell

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13
Q

Nasal conchae

A

nasal turbinates (folds ensure air contact with mucous membrane)

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14
Q

Bones of middle ear (in order from tympanic membrane to oval window)

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

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15
Q

Stereoscopic Vision

A

depth perception (need overlapping visual fields)

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16
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsighted

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17
Q

Myopia

A

nearsighted

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18
Q

Extrinsic eye muscles and their innverations

A

CN III: MR, IO, SR, IR
CN IV: SO
CN VI: LR

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19
Q

Does everyone have middle thyroid artery?

A

some people have it, some dont

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20
Q

What is the superior thyroid artery a branch of

A

external carotid artery

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21
Q

What is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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22
Q

Where would the middle thyroid artery arise from

A

brachiocephalic artery or arch of aorta

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23
Q

What arteries are in the scalp

A 
supratrochlear 
supraorbital
superficial temporal
posterior auricle
occipital
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24
Q

What can you find in the carotid sheath

A

internal carotid artery (most superficial)
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

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25
Q

what does the brachiocephalic artery give rise to

A

right common carotid artery

right subclavian artery

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26
Q

What arteries make up the Circle of Willis

A

2 internal carotid arteries

2 vertebral arteries

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27
Q

What does the union of the two vertebral arteries form?

A

Basilar artery

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28
Q

where do Saccular aneurysms (“Berry aneurysm”) occur?

A

anterior communicating artery

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29
Q

Where do most brain aneurysms occur?

A

anterior part of Circle of Willis

30
Q

What does the ophthalmic artery arise from

A

Internal Carotid artery

31
Q

Whats does the internal jugular vein contribute to?

A 
M: middle thyroid vein
S: superior thyroid vein
L: lingual vein
F: facial vein
P: pharyngeal vein
I: inferior petrosal sinus
"Medical schools let fun people in"
32
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into

A

brachiocephalic veins

33
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage characteristic presentation

A

“worst headache of my life”

get CT

34
Q

What does a Waters view radiograph show you

A

sinuses

35
Q

Jefferson’s Fracture

A

C1

36
Q

Hangman’s Fracture

A

C2

37
Q

What is a bilateral facet dislocation at risk for?

A

spinal cord damage

38
Q

Clay shoveler’s fracture

A

spinous process C6 - T1

39
Q

Atlanto-occipital dislocation

A

decapitation; complete transection

40
Q

What is a standard chest x ray?

A

PA film

41
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus

A

> 10mmHg DECREASE in systolic pressure with inspiration

42
Q

Beck’s Triad and what disorders present it?

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Distended jugular
  3. muffled heart sounds
    - present with cardiac and pericardial tamponade
43
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

A

narrowing of part of aorta

44
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

ductus arteriosus doesn’t close after birth

45
Q

transposition of great vessels

A

pulmonary artery and aorta switch

46
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  1. narrowing of pulmonary valve
  2. thickening of right ventricular wall
  3. aorta displacement over septal defect
  4. ventricular septal defect
47
Q

Scotopic System

A

night vision

48
Q

Which nerves are responsible for the signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to the medulla to regulate respiration?

A

Glossopharyngeal n. (from carotid)

Vagus n. (from aorta)

49
Q

What center in the brain stem increases speed of respiration?

A

Apneustic center of the pons

50
Q

What does the pneumotaxic center of the pons do?

A

decreases speed of respiration

51
Q

What does the ventral respiratory group of the medulla do?

A

expiration/exhalation

52
Q

What do septal cells of alveoli do and what are they?

A

Type II alveoli cells; secrete surfactant

53
Q

what does surfactant do?

A

reduce fluid surface tension and maintains alveoli elasticity

54
Q

What nerve is anterior to the lung root?

A

Phrenic n.

55
Q

What nerve is posterior to the lung root?

A

Vagus n.

56
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

Right lung

57
Q

What is are the pulmonary and bronchial vessel responses to HYPOXIA?

A

Pulmonary vessels constrict

Bronchial vessels dilate

58
Q

For an adequate chest x-ray, which rib should the clavicle be over

A

3rd rib

59
Q

What are the layers of the heart

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

60
Q

Which AV valve is tricuspid?

A

right AV valve

61
Q

Which valve closing makes the S1 sound?

A

AV valve

62
Q

What are the branches of the left main coronary artery?

A

left anterior descending artery

circumflex artery

63
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

marginal artery
posterior interventricular artery
AV node artery
60% with SA node artery

64
Q

What are the branches of the visceral branch of the thoracic portion of the aorta?

A

pericardial
bronchial
esophageal
mediastinal

65
Q

What are the branches of the parietal branch of the thoracic portion of the aorta?

A 
poster intercostal
subcostal
superior phrenic (diaphragm)
66
Q

What is the Mammary Artery where does it branch from?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

branches from Subclavian Artery

67
Q

What circulatory system is responsible for the veinous drainage of the throax?

A

Azygos System

68
Q

Where does the Azygos vein of thorax drain from?

A

Right Ascending Lumbar vein

69
Q

What cells are have funny channels and what ion do they channel?

A

Pacemaker cells

Na+ in

70
Q

What cells are have fast sodium channels?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

71
Q

What happens at the plateau phase of action potentials in contractile cells of the heart?

A

Ca++ triggers calcium induced Ca++ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum –> AP

Anatomy (4 decks)

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