Anatomy II Exam Flashcards
External Carotid Artery Branches
S: Superior Thyroid A: Ascending Pharyngeal L: Lingual F: Facial O: Occipital P: Posterior auricular M: Maxillary S: Superficial temporal "Sally Ann Likes Flirting on Philadelphia's Main Street"
Carotid Sinus
- regulate BP and pulse (reflex pressoreceptor)
- innervated by glossopharyngeal n.
Suprahyoid muscles
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Laryngeal nerves
recurrent laryngeal
superior laryngeal
vagus nerve
Nerves involved in gustation
vagus nerve
facial nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
Near Response
eye convergence
pupil constriction
lens accomodation
Phases of swallowing (deglutition)
buccal phase
pharyngeal-esophageal phase
Wharton’s duct
Submandibular gland
Stenson’s duct
Parotid gland
Gravitational equilibrium
vestibule (utricle and saccule)
Otolith (freely moving ear stone that stimulates hair cell)
Otolith
freely moving ear stone that stimulates hair cell
Nasal conchae
nasal turbinates (folds ensure air contact with mucous membrane)
Bones of middle ear (in order from tympanic membrane to oval window)
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Stereoscopic Vision
depth perception (need overlapping visual fields)
Hyperopia
farsighted
Myopia
nearsighted
Extrinsic eye muscles and their innverations
CN III: MR, IO, SR, IR
CN IV: SO
CN VI: LR
Does everyone have middle thyroid artery?
some people have it, some dont
What is the superior thyroid artery a branch of
external carotid artery
What is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of
Thyrocervical trunk
Where would the middle thyroid artery arise from
brachiocephalic artery or arch of aorta
What arteries are in the scalp
supratrochlear supraorbital superficial temporal posterior auricle occipital
What can you find in the carotid sheath
internal carotid artery (most superficial)
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
what does the brachiocephalic artery give rise to
right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery
What arteries make up the Circle of Willis
2 internal carotid arteries
2 vertebral arteries
What does the union of the two vertebral arteries form?
Basilar artery
where do Saccular aneurysms (“Berry aneurysm”) occur?
anterior communicating artery
Where do most brain aneurysms occur?
anterior part of Circle of Willis
What does the ophthalmic artery arise from
Internal Carotid artery
Whats does the internal jugular vein contribute to?
M: middle thyroid vein S: superior thyroid vein L: lingual vein F: facial vein P: pharyngeal vein I: inferior petrosal sinus "Medical schools let fun people in"
Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into
brachiocephalic veins
Subarachnoid hemorrhage characteristic presentation
“worst headache of my life”
get CT
What does a Waters view radiograph show you
sinuses
Jefferson’s Fracture
C1
Hangman’s Fracture
C2
What is a bilateral facet dislocation at risk for?
spinal cord damage
Clay shoveler’s fracture
spinous process C6 - T1
Atlanto-occipital dislocation
decapitation; complete transection
What is a standard chest x ray?
PA film
Pulsus Paradoxus
> 10mmHg DECREASE in systolic pressure with inspiration
Beck’s Triad and what disorders present it?
- Hypotension
- Distended jugular
- muffled heart sounds
- present with cardiac and pericardial tamponade
Coarctation of Aorta
narrowing of part of aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus
ductus arteriosus doesn’t close after birth
transposition of great vessels
pulmonary artery and aorta switch
Tetralogy of Fallot
- narrowing of pulmonary valve
- thickening of right ventricular wall
- aorta displacement over septal defect
- ventricular septal defect
Scotopic System
night vision
Which nerves are responsible for the signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to the medulla to regulate respiration?
Glossopharyngeal n. (from carotid)
Vagus n. (from aorta)
What center in the brain stem increases speed of respiration?
Apneustic center of the pons
What does the pneumotaxic center of the pons do?
decreases speed of respiration
What does the ventral respiratory group of the medulla do?
expiration/exhalation
What do septal cells of alveoli do and what are they?
Type II alveoli cells; secrete surfactant
what does surfactant do?
reduce fluid surface tension and maintains alveoli elasticity
What nerve is anterior to the lung root?
Phrenic n.
What nerve is posterior to the lung root?
Vagus n.
Which lung has 3 lobes?
Right lung
What is are the pulmonary and bronchial vessel responses to HYPOXIA?
Pulmonary vessels constrict
Bronchial vessels dilate
For an adequate chest x-ray, which rib should the clavicle be over
3rd rib
What are the layers of the heart
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
Which AV valve is tricuspid?
right AV valve
Which valve closing makes the S1 sound?
AV valve
What are the branches of the left main coronary artery?
left anterior descending artery
circumflex artery
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
marginal artery
posterior interventricular artery
AV node artery
60% with SA node artery
What are the branches of the visceral branch of the thoracic portion of the aorta?
pericardial
bronchial
esophageal
mediastinal
What are the branches of the parietal branch of the thoracic portion of the aorta?
poster intercostal subcostal superior phrenic (diaphragm)
What is the Mammary Artery where does it branch from?
Internal Thoracic Artery
branches from Subclavian Artery
What circulatory system is responsible for the veinous drainage of the throax?
Azygos System
Where does the Azygos vein of thorax drain from?
Right Ascending Lumbar vein
What cells are have funny channels and what ion do they channel?
Pacemaker cells
Na+ in
What cells are have fast sodium channels?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What happens at the plateau phase of action potentials in contractile cells of the heart?
Ca++ triggers calcium induced Ca++ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum –> AP
