Anatomy II Exam 3 Review Flashcards by Victor Villarreal

The crista galli is an extension of which of the following bones?

Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Frontal
Palatine

Ethmoid

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Which of the following is the parasympathetic nerve to thoracic and most abdominal organs?

Trigeminal Nerve
Spinal Accessory Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Hypoglossal Nerve

Vagus Nerve

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Which of the following extrinsic muscles of the eye abducts the eyeball?

Superior oblique
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Inferior oblique

Lateral rectus

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The anterior spinal artery is an unpaired artery that supplies part of the upper region of the spinal cord. It is formed from fused branches off which of the following?

Vertebral arteries
Intercostal arteries
Lumbar arteries
Subcostal arteries

Vertebral arteries

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Which of the following does NOT contribute to the formation of the nasal septum?

Vomer
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
Crista galli
Septal cartilage

Crista galli

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The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is derived from the second pharyngeal arch and is innervated by which of the following nerves?

Facial
Trigeminal
Glossopharyngeal
Hypoglossal

Facial

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Lesions affecting the trigeminal nerve resulting in loss of general sensation to the face on the same side and paralysis to muscles of mastication occur in which brain subdivision?

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

Metencephalon

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Taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue is carried by which of the following cranial nerves?

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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Which of the following structures enters the pharynx by passing between the base of the cranium and superior edge of the superior pharyngeal constrictor?

Stylopharyngeus muscle
Auditory tube
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Salpingopharyngeus muscle

Auditory Tube

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Which of the following represents the communication pathway between the infratemporal fossa and the orbit?

Pterygomaxillary fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
Superior orbital fissure
Pterygopalatine fossa

Inferior orbital fissure

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Which of the following represent the spinal cord levels of origin for for the phrenic nerve?

C1-4
C2-5
C3-5
C3-7

C3-5

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Cranial nerves characterized by the special visceral motor modality supply which of the following?

Smooth muscles of the gut tract
Skeletal Muscles
Muscles derived from pharyngeal arches
Autonomic Motor Muscles

Muscles derived from pharyngeal arches

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Which of the following is a derivative of the original prosencephalon?

Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon

Diencephalon

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Which of the following is the newest addition to the telencephalon in mammals?

Pallium
Mid-ventricular ridge
Neocortex
Paleocortex

Neocortex

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The nerve branch to the geniohyoid originate from C1 and runs partly with which of the following cranial nerves?

Glossopharyngeal
Hypoglossal
Vagus
Spinal accessory

Hypoglossal

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The inferior alveolar nerve passes through the mandibular canal and terminates as the mental nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?

Facial
Trigeminal
Hypoglossal
Glossopharyngeal

Trigeminal

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The middle meningeal artery enters the cranial cavity via which of the following foramina?

Ovale
Rotundum
Spinosum
Lacerum

Spinosum

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Cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion (source of cell bodies of postganglionic fibers to the sphincter pupillae muscle) are located in which of the following?

Semilunar ganglion
Geniculate ganglion
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Nucleus ambiguus

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

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The maxillary artery is divided into three parts with reference to its branching pattern. Which of the following structures is used to demarcate the three parts?

Lateral pterygoid muscle
Medial pterygoid muscle
Mandibular ramus and masseter muscle
Superior alveolar process and temporalis muscle

Lateral pterygoid muscle

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Which of the following BEST describes the diaphragma sellae?

A. It is an extension of the dura mater that extends down between the two cerebral hemispheres

B. It is a transverse sheet of the dura mater that is located between the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum

C. It is a part of the dura mater that deparates the cerebral cavity from the hypophyseal fossa

D. It is an extension of the dura mater that is located between the two cerebella hemispheres

C. It is part of the dura mater that separates the cerebral cavity from the hypophyseal fossa

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Cranial nerve nuclei V, VI, and VII are found in which of the following subdivisions of the brain?

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
Diencephalon

Pons

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The anterior and middle superior alveolar arteries are direct branches of which of the following?

Second part of the maxillary artery
Mandibular artery
Infraorbital artery
Buccal Artery

Infraorbital artery

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Increase in sexual activity, compulsive tendency to place objects in mouth, decreased emotionality, changes in eating behavior and visual agnosia are characteristics of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome. This results when which of the following is/are bilaterally destroyed?

Substantia nigra
Red nucleus
Amygdala
Thalamus

Amygdala

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Extensive bilateral lesion involving the mid-pons and the midbrain reticular formation are associated with which of the following conditions?

Consciousness but quadriplegic
Coma
Hypotonia
Unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities

Coma

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The chorda tympani carries branches of which of the following nerves inside the petrous portion of the temporal bone? Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve

Facial nerve

Branches off the external carotid artery are grouped into terminal, anterior, posterior, or medial, depending on which direction they branch from the external carotid. Which of the following branches is a medial branch? Facial Maxillary Ascending pharyngeal Superior thyroid

Ascending Pharyngeal

Parasympathetic Fibers that control the shape of the lens and pupil are carried by which of the following nerves? Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve Oculomotor Nerve Facial Nerve Abducens Nerve

Oculomotor Nerve

The vestibular nuclear complex, associated with balance and equilibrium is located in which of the following subdivision of the brain? Telencephalon Diencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon

Myelencephalon

Proper chewing (mastication) requires that the mandible be moved from side to side and to be retracted and protracted. Which of the following muscles of mastication functions to retract the mandible? Temporalis Lateral Pterygoid Medial Pterygoid

Temporalis

Which of the following scalene muscles attaches to the second rib? Anterior Middle Posterior None of the above, all attach to the first rib

Posterior

Vagal lobes are found in which of the following groups of organisms? Fish Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

Fish

Blood supply to the larynx is through superior and inferior laryngeal arteries. The inferior laryngeal arteries are direct branches of which of the following? Inferior Thyroid Arteries Middle branches of the maxillary arteries Laryngeal branches of the external carotid artery Pharyngeal branches of the external carotid artery

Inferior Thyroid Arteries

Which of the following is the major parasympathetic nerve to thoracic and most abdominal organs? Trigeminal nerve Spinal accessory nerve Vagus nerve Hypoglossal nerve

Vagus nerve

Which cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic nerve innervation to the parotid gland? Vagus nerve Hypoglossal nerve Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Two small cartilages possess two processes each, a muscular process and a vocal process. The vocal attachments of the two small cartilages are attached to the vocal ligaments. These cartilages are able to swivel by way of a ball and socket type of joint, allowing them to increase or decrease tension on the vocal ligaments. The ball and socket joints allow these cartilages to swivel on which of the following? Arytenoid cartilages Corniculate cartilages Cricoid Cartilages Cuneiform Cartilages

Cricoid Cartilages

The foramina rotundum and ovale are found in which of the following regions of the skull?

greater wings of sphenoid

Which of the following may be considered to be the center for homeostasis? Epithalamus Hypothalamus Thalamus RAS

Hypothalamus

The aryepiglottic ligaments and the corniculate cartilages form boundaries for which of the following? Rima Glottidis Laryngeal Inlet Esophagus Trachea

Laryngeal Inlet

Which of the following forms the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa? TMJ and Styloid Process Sphenoid Bone Maxilla Zygomatic Arch

Maxilla

Almost all of the pharyngeal musculature is supplied by the vagus nerve. Which of the following muscles is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve? Superior Pharyngeal constrictor Stylopharyngeus Muscle Salpingopharyngeus Muscle Palatopharyngeus Muscle

Stylopharyngeus Muscle

Ventral rami from which of the following levels of the spinal cord make up the cervical plexus? C1-C3 C1-C4 C1-C5 C2-C4

C1-C4

Most of the roof of the orbit is formed from which of the following? Zygomatic bone Temporal bone Frontal bone Sphenoid bone

Frontal bone

Which of the following represents the original cephalic boundary of the neural tube and separates the two lateral ventricles of the telencephalon? Papez circuit Corpus striatum Lamina terminalis Neocortex

Lamina terminalis

All of the following muscles elevate the mandible except? Temporalis Masseter Lateral Pterygoid Medial Pterygoid

Lateral Pterygoid

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal exists the cranial cavity through which of the following foramina? Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Foramen rotundum Foramen lacerum

Foramen ovale

The medullary rhythmicity center is located in the same area of the brain as the cardiac center and the vasomotor center. The pneumotaxic and apneustic centers are located in which of the following parts of the brain? Pons Medulla Mesencephalon Thalamus

Pons

Floccular lobes in the cerebellum of reptiles may correspond to restiform bodies in cartilaginous fishes. This function is most likely to related to which of the following? Taste Sight Memory Equilibrium

Equilibrium

What cranial nerve provides motor innervation to muscles of facial expression?

Cranial Nerve VII

Which of the following descriptions best describes the location of the piriform fossae? Lateral to the median glossoepiglottic fold Inferior to the lateral glossoepiglottic folds Between the tonsillar pillars Posterior to the uvula

Inferior to the lateral glossoepiglottic fold

Which of the following dural sinuses DOES NOT connect directly with the confluence of sinuses? Straight sinus Transverse sinuses Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus

Which of the following areas of the brainstem is thought to be involved in emotional and visceral response to odors? Red nucleus Restiform bodies Pineal body Habenular nuclei

Pineal body

Which of the following areas of the brain secretes melatonin and is involved in regulating circadian rhythms? Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal body Inferior colliculi

Pineal body

The thalamus is a paired complex of many nuclei, some of which are associated with relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex. OThers relay motor information from the cerebral cortex, and some serve to integrate the others. Which of the following relay information to the primary auditory cortex of the cerebral cortex? Medial geniculate Lateral geniculate Ventral posterior Anterior

Medial geniculate

Melanin-containing, dopaminergic neurons and iron-containing cells that secrete serotonin and GABA are major components of which of the following? Substantia nigra Thalamus RAS Superior colliculi

Substantia nigra

Which pair of pharyngeal cartilages are able to rotate in order to change the tension of the vocal ligaments? Corniculate Quadrate Artytenoid Cuniform

Arytenoid

Which of the following infrahyoid muscles is NOT supplied through the ansa cervicalis? Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Omohyoid

Thyrohyoid

Which of the following represents the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity? Infraglottic cavity Rima glottidis Rime vestibuli Space between the vestibular folds

Rima glottidis

The spinal accessory nerve exits the cranial cavity through which of the following foramina? Foramen Ovale Foramen Spinosum Foramen Rotundum Jugular Foramen

Jugular Foramen

Which of the following ligaments extends from the base of the zygomatic process to the mandibular neck? Temporomandibular Stylomandibular Sphenomandibular Pterygopalatine

Temporomandibular

The superior oblique extrinsic muscle of the eye is innervated by which of the following cranial nerves? Occulomotor Trochlear Abducens Opthalmic Branch of Cranial Nerve V

Trochlear

Olfactory fibers making up the olfactory nerves pass from the olfactory mucosa to the olfactory bulbs through which of the following? Sphenoethmoidal recess Cribriform Plate Optic Canals Lateral Pterygoid Foraminae

Cribriform Plate

Motor innervation to muscle of fascial expression is supplied by a cranial nerve that exits the cranial cavity through which of the following foramina?

stylomastoid foramen

Which of the following arteries branches from the third part of the maxillary artery? (Could change this question up to a different branch) Posterior superior alveolar Buccal Inferior alveolar Middle Meningeal

Posterior superior alveolar

The anterior belly of the digastric nerve is derived from the first pharyngeal arch and is innervated by which of the following nerves? Facial Trigeminal Glossopharyngeal Hypoglossal

Trigeminal

The metopic suture is associated with which of the bones of the skull?

frontal bone

Which of the following muscles serves as the posterior border of the anterior cervical triangle? Superior omohyoid Anterior digastric Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid

The cervical sympathetic trunk ascends on the anterior surface(s) of which of the following muscles? Longus Colli and Capitis Muscles Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Anterior Scalene Rectus Capitis Superior and Lateralis Muscle

Longus Colli and Capitis Muscles

The origin of the axons that make up the optic nerve originate from which of the following? Rod cells of the retina Amacrine cells of the retina Ganglion cells of the retina Cone cells of the retina

Ganglion cells of the retina

The cerebral hemisphere consist of large areas of gray matter such as the cortices and the striatum. In addition, there are many myelinated tracts comprising the white matter of the cerebrum. Which group of tracts connects gyri to gyri within the same hemisphere? Commissural Arcuate Longitudinal Unicate

Arcuate

Which of the following muscles consists of two bellies, which originate from the body of the hyoid and the superior border of the scapula? Omohyoid Digastric Geniohyoid Cervicohyoid

Omohyoid

Postganglionic fibers form which of the following regions of the sympathetic trunk supply all the smooth muscles and glands of the head? Superior sympathetic ganglion Middle sympathetic ganglion Inferior sympathetic ganglion Stellate ganglion

Superior sympathetic ganglion

Parasympathetic supply to the lacrimal gland is via which of the following nerves? Trigeminal Facial Glossopharyngeal Oculomotor

Facial

The gap above the middle pharyngeal constrictor is traversed by which of the following nerves? Trigeminal Facial Glossopharyngeal Hypoglossal

Glossopharyngeal

In fishes, the primitive roof of the telencephalon is called the pallium. The pallium lacks layers of gray matter). In Mammals, one of the major characteristics of the telencephalon is the presence of layers of outer gray matter collectively referred to by which of the following? Avian ridge Neocortex Globus pallidus Corpus callosum

Neocortex

Cell bodies of sensory neurons carrying general sensory information from the dura of the middle and anterior cranial fossae, the external surface of the eardrum, and the anterior two-thirds of the tongue are located in which of the following cranial ganglia? Trigeminal (semilunar) Geniculate Superior salivatory nucleus Inferior salivatory nucleus

Trigeminal (semilunar)

The innervation of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles would be described by which of the following modalities? General Visceral Motor General Somatic Motor Special Visceral Motor Special Somatic Motor

Special Visceral Motor

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the very back of the head?

greater occipital nerve (C2)

The supraorbital nerve passes through the orbit and exits through the _____ onto the face just above the orbit and is associated with which facial bone?

supraorbital foramen, frontal bone

Special visceral motor (SVM) modality supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle via which of the following cranial nerves? Cranial nerve IX Cranial nerve X Cranial nerve XI Cranial nerve XII

Cranial nerve IX

Which of the following cranial nerves supplies extrinsic and intrinsic muscle of the tongue? Cranial Nerve IX Cranial Nerve X Cranial Nerve XI Cranial Nerve XII

Cranial Nerve XII

Which of the following extrinsic muscles of the eye is NOT supplied by the oculomotor nerve? Lateral Rectus Inferior Oblique Medial Rectus Inferior Rectus

Lateral Rectus

The magnocellular zone of the RAS is characterized by a specific type of neuron with long radiating dendrites spread out in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the brainstem. It has been suggested that the function of this area of the brain stem may be associated with which of the following? Carrying information from the pineal body to the RAS Connecting the superior and inferior colliculi Picking up information from a variety of sources Linking olfactory and taste sensations to the autonomic nervous system

Picking up information from a variety of sources

The infraorbital, anterior superior alveolar, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, and posterior superior alveolar nerves are all branches of which of the following? Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve Facial Nerve Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve

The nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis are found in which of the following brain subdivisions? ``` Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon ```

Myelencephalon

Which of the following cranial nerves supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland? Vagus Nerve Hypoglossal Nerve Facial Nerve Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

The falx cerebri is a vertical extension of the dura mater between the two lobes of the cerebrum. It is attached to which structure?

crista galli

Which of the following areas of the brain stem is thought to be involved in pain suppression? Red nucleus Restiform bodies Periaqueductal gray Vagal lobes

Periaqueductal gray

Between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors there is a narrow gap. Which of the following structures passes through this gap? Auditory Nerve Stylopharyngeus Muscle Palatopharyngeus Muscle Vagus Nerve

Stylopharyngeus Muscle

Which of the following branches from the internal carotid artery supplies areas of the face? Posterior Auricular Supraorbital Occipital Superficial Temporal

Supraorbital

Which of the following BEST describes the location of the vallecular recesses? Lateral to the median glossoepiglottic fold Lateral to the lateral glossoepiglottic folds Inferior to the lateral glossoepiglottic folds Superior to the median glossoepiglottic folds

Lateral to the median glossoepiglottic fold

What are the branches of CN VII?

``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical ```

Which of the following hypaxial muscles is attached to the hyoid bone but is NOT a part of the infrahyoid group? Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Geniohyoid Omohyoid

Geniohyoid

Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT exit the cranial cavity through the superior orbital fissure? Oculomotor Nerve Abducens Nerve Maxillary Branch of Trigeminal Nerve Trochlear Nerve

Maxillary Branch of Trigeminal Nerve

Mammillary bodies are large nuclear groups associated with the diencephalon and are located on the ventral side of the hypothalamus. Which of the following is thought to be one of the their functions? Involved in olfactory reflexes and emotional responses to odors Control of autonomic nervous system Projection of information to primary visual cortex Secretion of melatonin

Involved in olfactory reflexes and emotional responses to odors

Which of the following is the only basicranial bone that is entirely preformed in cartilage?

ethmoid

Almost all infrahyoid muscles are characterized by which of the following innervation patterns? Hypoglossal Nerve Ansa Cervicalis C2 C2-C3

Ansa Cervicalis

Which of the following structures/spaces is associated with the spinal cord but not the brain? Arachnoid membrane Pia mater Subdural space Epidural space

Epidural space