Anatomy IA Flashcards
4 bursae shoulder
Subscapular
Subacromial
Infraspinatous
Supraspinatous
4 ligaments of shoulder,
Strongest to weakest
Coracoacromial
Coracohumeral
Transverse humeral
Glenohumeral
Nerve supply shoulder
Sub scapular
Su capsular
Axillary
Floor bicipital groove
Lats
Medial lip bicipital groove
Teres major
Lateral lip bicipital groove
Pectoralis major
Flexion shoulder
Pectoralis major
Anterior fibres deltoid
Biceps
Corachobrachialis
PABC
Extension shoulder
Teres major
Posterior fibres deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Medial rotation shoulder
Subscapularis Teres major Pectoralis major Tendon of LD Anterior fibres deltoid
Origin and insertion teres major
Origin- lower 1/3 lateral scapula
Insertion- medial lip bicipital groove
Lateral rotation shoulder
Teres minor
Infraspinatous
Posterior fibres deltoid
Adduction shoulder
MAJOR
teres major
Pectoralis major
Abduction shoulder first 40 degrees
Supraspinatous
90 degrees abduction shoulder
Deltoid
Abduction before vertical
Trapezius
Serratus anterior
Abduction shoulder to vertical
Infrapsonatous
Muscles of anterior compartment atm
BBC
Biceps
Brachialis
Corachobrachialis
Biceps O and I
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle scapula
Short head: apex coracoid
–> radial tuberosit
Brachialis O and I
Anterior humerus
–> tuberosity ulna
Corachobrachialis O and I
Coracoid process
–> linear mid shaft medial humerus
Function biceps
Flexion elbow
Supination
Flexion arm
Triceps O and I
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
Medial head: medial humerus
Lateral head: lateral humerus
–> olecranon
Posterior wall axilla
Subscapularis
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Anterior wall axilla
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor in clavipectoral fascia
Medial wall axilla
Serratus anterior to 4th rib
Lateral wall axilla
Inter tubercular groove
Biceps tendon
Apex of axilla
Clavicle
Scapula
Outer first rib
Contents of axilla
Muscles Long head biceps LD Teres major Pectoralis minor Corachobrachialis Short head biceps Long thoracic nerve Axillary nvbundle Lymph nodes
Cubital fossa boundaries
Intercondylar line
Lateral-brachoradialis
Medial-pronator teres
Lateral-medial cubital fossa
Tendon biceps
Artery- brachial
Nerve- median
Floor cubital fossa
Brachialis
Sulpinator
Roof cubital fossa
Deep fascia forearm
Bicipital aponeurosis
Median cubital vein
Medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of forearm
Axillary lymph nodes
Lateral/posterior/anterior–> central
Central–> apical
Infra navicular–> apical
Superficial layer anterior comp forearm
Pronator teres
Flexor Carpi radialis
Palmaris lingus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Intermediate layer anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep layer anterior compartment forearm
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundis
Pronator teres
Humeral head- medial epicondyle
Ulnar head- coronoid process
Flexor carpi radialis
Medial epi–> base of metacarpals 2 and 3
Palmaris longus
Medial epi–> palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Humeral head- medial epicondyle
Ulnar head- olecranon
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Humeroulnar head- medial epi and coronoid
Radial head- oblique line
–> MIDDLE phalanx
Pronator quadratus
Radius to ulna
Flexor pollicis longus
Radius/ iom
–> DISTAL phalanx thumb
Flexor digitorum profundis
Ulna/iom
–> DISTAL phalanx
Innervation anterior comp forearm
MEDIAN nerve
(Anterior interosseous for deep layer)
Except flexor carpi ulnaris, medial 1/2 FDP
Wrist flexion
FCU
FCR
Finger flexion
FDS
FDP
Thumb flexion
FPL
Pronation
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
9 tendons of the carpal tunnel
FDS
FDP
FPL
Extensor of forearm= posterior compartment nerve supply
Radial nerve
And posterior interosseous nerve of radial
Superficial comp posterior forearm 7 muscles
Brachoradialis ECRL ECRB Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi ECU Anconeus
Brachoradilis
Supracondylar ridge–> distal radius
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Supra condylar ridge
– base meta 2
Extensor carpi radialis breaks
Lateral epicondyle
– base of meta 2 and 3
Extensor digitorum
Lateral epicondyle
– extensor hood (middle and distal phalanx)
Extensor digiti minimi
Lateral epicondyle
– eh of little finger
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Lateral epicondyle
– base meta 5
Anconeus
Lateral epicondyle
– olecranon
Deep muscles of posterior forearm
Supinator Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus
Supinator
Superficial head– lateral epicondyle
Deep head– supinator crest ulna
–> lateral radius
Extensor indicis
Posterior ulna
–> eh index finger
Extensor pollicis longus
Posterior ulna–> distal phalanx
Extensor pollicis brevis
Posterior radius
–> proximal phalanx
Abductor pollicis longus
Posterior radius and ulna
–> metacarpal 1
Bones of snuff box
Scaphoid
Trapezium
Contents of snuff box
Radial artery
Superficial branch radial nerve
Cephalic vein
Edges of snuff box
Extensor pollicis longus, brevis, abductor pollicis longus
Extensor retinaculum
Radial styloid–> pisiform and triquetrum
Intrinsic muscles of hand
Palamaris brevis Dorsal interossei Palmar interossei Adductor pollicis Lumbricals Thenar muscles Hypothenar muscles
Thenar muscles
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Hypothenar muscles
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digit minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Fracture surgical neck humerus
Humerus anterior dislocation
Axillary nerve damage
Flattened deltoid
Loss abduction
Loss sensation lateral arm and regimental patch
Axillary nerve damage
Axillary nerve
Motor: deltoid and teres minor
Sensory: upper lateral arm
Compression of upper trunk
MusculocutNeous nerve damage
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
Axillary nerve
Cannot flex or supinate forearm
Cannot feel lateral forearm
Musculcutaneous nerve damage
Musculocutaneous nerve
Motor: anterior comp arm
Sensory-lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
Musculocutaneous
Midshaft humerus fracture
Axilla compression– crutches or Saturday night palsy
Radial nerve damage
Radial nerve
Motor:
Posterior comp arm and forearm
Sensory:
Posterior arm and forearm
Lower lateral arm
Dorsolateral hand (except ulnar and median nail beds)
Wrist drop
Loss of extension of elbow, wrist, fingers
Radial nerve problem
Depending on damage to ECRL
Reduction in grip strength
Radial nerve
Artery associated with axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex
Nerve associated with profunda brachii
Radial nerve in spiral groove
Supra condylar fracture humerus
Median nerve proximal lesion
Which artery associated with supra condylar humerus fracture?
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Motor:
Anterior comp forearm except FCU and medial 1/2 FDP
LOAF
Sensory:
Palmar lateral 3.5 fingers and nail beds and lateral Palm and middle wrist
Apes hand
Median nerve
Popes blessing
Median nerve
Superficial Palm laceration
Recurrent branch of median nerve
Ape hand loss of LOAF but sparing of what in which clinical scenario?
Sparing of median nerve sensation
Superficial Palm laceration
Anterior interosseous nerve
Branch of median nerve
Posterior interosseous nerve
Branch of radial nerve
Claw hand
Ulnar nerve
Fracture of medial epicondyle humerus
Ulnar nerve
Fracture of hook of hamate
Distal ulnar nerve lesion
Ulnar nerve
Motor: all intrinsic muscles of hand except LOAF
And FCU
And medial 1/2 FDP
Sensory:
Medial 1.5 fingers palmar and dorsal and associated Palm
Atrophy of hypothenar eminence
Ulnar nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboidal
Long thoracic nerve
Serratus anterior
Axillary lymph node dissection injure which nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Supra scapular nerve
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Nerve to subclavius
Subclavius
Lateral pectoral nerve
Pectoralis major
Medial pectoral nerve
Pectoralis major AND minor
Thoracodorsal nerve
LD
Superior subscapular
Subscapularis
Inferior subscapular nerve
Subscapularis
Teres major
Golfers elbow
Repetitive F
Medial epicondylitis
Tennis elbow
Repetitive E
Lateral epicondylitis
Most commonly fractured wrist bone
Scaphoid
Which wrist bone most susceptible to AVN
Scaphoid
Retrograde blood flow
Cyclists likely to get
Guyon canal syndrome– ulnar nerve
Upper trunk C5,6 palsy
Erbs palsy
Arm at side
Medially rotated
Extended and pronated
Erbs palsy
Deltoid and supraspjnatous
Infraspinatous
Deltoid
Lateral neck traction infant
Erbs palsy
Upward force on arm infant
Klumpke palsy
Total claw hand
Klumpke palsy
Klumpke palsy
All intrinsic hand muscles gone
All intrinsic hand muscles gone plus pain and edema
Thoracic outlet syndrome:
Compression of lower trunk and subclavian vessels
4th and 5th fingers clawed
Distal ulnar
Proximal median
4th and 5th clawed with fingers extended/ at rest
Ulnar claw
Clawing of 4th and 5th when making a fist
Pope’s blessing
= proximal median
Clawing of 2nd and 3rd fingers
Distal median
Proximal ulnar
Clawing of 2nd and 3rd fingers when fingers extended/ at rest
Distal median– median claw
Clawing of 2nd and 3rd fingers when making a fist
Proximal ulnar-okay gesture
Muscles of gluteal region
Piriformis Obturator internus Gemellus superior Gemellus inferior Quadratus Femoris Tensor fascia lata Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius Gluteus Maximus
Nerve to obturator internus
L5, S1,2
Obturator internus
Gemellus superior
Inferior gluteal nerve
L5, S1,2
Gluteus Maximus
Nerve to quadratus Femoris
L4,5 S1
Quadratus Femoris
Gemellus inferior
Superior gluteal nerve
L4,5 S1
Gluteus medius and minimus
Piriformis
Anterior sacral for foramina– greater trochanter
i= nerve to piriformis
Obturator internus
Anterolateral pelvis and ob men– greater trochanter
Gemellus superior
Ischial spine and ob tendon–greater trochanter
Gemellus inferior
Ischial tuberosity– greater trochanter
Quadratus femoris
Lateral ischium– intertrochanteric crest
Gluteus minimus
Anterior and inferior gluteal lines– greater trochanter
Gluteus medius
Anterior and posterior gluteal lines– greater trochanter
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteal ilium/sacrum/lumbar fascia/sacrotuberous lig– gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
Greater sciatic foramen
Superior gluteal nvb (above piri) Inferior gluteal nvb Sciatic nerve Perforating cutaneous Posterior cutaneous femoral Nerve to obturator internus Nerve to quadratus femoris Pudendal nvb
Lesser sciatic foramen
Tendon of obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus
Pudendal nvb
Sacrospinous lig –> foramen
Greater sciatic foramen
Sacrotuberous lig–> foramen
Lesser sciatic foramen
Sacral plexus
Piriformis nerve to- S1,2 (piri) Posterior femoral cutaneous- S1,2,3 Perforating cutaneous- S2,3 Pudendal- S2,3,4 Pelvic splanchnic / parasympathetic- s2,3,4 (pelvic organs) Perineal branch S4- S4 (levator ani)
Muscles of anterior compartment thigh
Psoas major Iliacus Rictus femoris Sartorius Vasti- medialis, intermedius, lateralis
Pectineus
What attaches to greater trochanter
Piriformis Obturator internus Gemelli superior and inferior Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus
What attaches to lesser trochanter
Psoas
Iliacus
What attaches into quadriceps tendon
Rectus femoris
Vasti
Psoas
Lumbar vert– lesser trochanter
Iliacus
Iliac fossa – lesser trochanter
Rectus femoris
Straight head- AIIS
reflected head- ilium above acetabulum
–> quadriceps tendon
Sartorius
ASIS– tibial tuberosity
Vastus medialis
Medial it line–> quads
Vastus inter medialis
In between–> quads
Vastus lateralis
Lateral it line–> quads
Innervation anterior compartment thigh
Femoral nerve
Pectineus
Medial compartment thigh
[pectineus
Gracilis
Adductor longus/brevis/Magnus
Obturator externus
Pectineus
Pectineal line –> linea aspera
Gracilis
External Ramus/pubis–> medial upper tibia shaft
Adductor longus
External pubis– middle 1/3 linea aspera
Adductor brevis
Inferior pubic ramus – upper 1/3 linea aspera
Adductor Magnus
Adductor part- ischiopubic ramus–> entire linea aspera
Hamstring part- ischial tuberosity–> adductor tubercle/supracondylar line
Obturator externus
Obturator membrane–> trochanteric fossa
Nerve supply medial comp thigh
Obturator nerve
[pectineus
[adductor Magnus
Muscles of posterior compartment thigh
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosous
Semimembranosus
Hamstring part of adductor Magnus
Nerve supply posterior compartment
Sciatic nerve
Biceps- long head= tibial
- short head= common fibulae
Biceps femoris
Long head= ischial tuberosity
Short head= linea aspera
–> head of fibula
Common origin of hamstrings
Ischial tuberosity (Except short head biceps)
Semitendinosous
Ischial tub–> upper medial tibia
Semimembranosus
Ischial tub– medial tibial epicondyle
Adductor hiatus / subsartorial canal/ hunters canal BORDERS
Upper- sartorious
Lateral- vastus medialis
Medial-adductor longus and Magnus
Contents of hunters canal
Nerve to vastus medialis
Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve
Angles of hip
Kid-160
Male-120
Female-100
Capsule hip
Anterior– it line
Posterior– 1/2 way to intertrochanteric crest
MAIN BLOOD SUPPLY HIP
Medial circumflex artery
Trochanteric anastomosis
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
LCX MCX
Cruciate anastomosis
Inferior gluteal
LCX MCX
Ascending branch of first perforator
3 ligaments of hip joint
Olio femoral– AIIS–> it line
Pubofemoral- iliopubic eminence
Ischiofemoral=WEAKEST- posterior inferior ace tabular margin
AB hip
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
TFL
AD hip
Medial comp thigh
Ilapsoas
F hip
Anterior comp thigh
TFL
Extension thigh
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
ER thigh
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteal region
IR thigh
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Location of cruciate ligaments
Outside sunovium
Inside capsule
Medial collateral ligament
Broad/thick
Attaches to medial meniscus
Abnormal passive AB
MCL
LCL
Thin/cord
Doesn’t attach to lateral meniscus
Abnormal passive AD
LCL
Medial meniscus
Wider
Medial lip slopes up
Attaches to ACL
Lateral meniscus
Smaller C
Lateral lip slopes down
Doesn’t attach to LCL
LIGHTLY ATTACHES TO POPLITEUS
Oblique collateral lig
Upward extension of semimembranosous
Bursae of knee
SUPRA
PRE
INFRA- superficial and deep
Housemaids knee
Prepatellar
Clergy mans knee
Superficial infrapatellar
Internal ligaments of knee
Short internal ligament
Arcuate popliteal
Medial and lateral patellar retinacular fibres
Blood supply knee joint
Genicular branches popliteal (SIM) and femoral (descending branch from profunda)
F knee
Hamstrings
Gracilis
Sartorius
( gastro, plantaris, popliteus)
E knee
Quads
Iliotibial tract– gluteus Maximus and TFL
IR knee
Semi tendinosus
Semi membranous
Gracilis
Sartorius
ER knee
Biceps
Q angle
Deviation from tibia to femur
Borders of popliteal fossa
Medial superior: semi tendinosus and semimembranosous
Medial inferior: medial head gastro
Lateral superior: biceps
Lateral inferior: lateral head gastro
Superficial to deep contents of popliteal fossa
Tibial nerve-- sural Popliteal vein-- short saphenous Popliteal artery Femur Capsule POPLITEUS
Posterior compartment of leg superficial
Gastro
Plantaris
Soleus
Gastro
Medial head- medial epicondyle
Lateral head- lateral epicondyle
Plantaris
Lateral supracondylar line
Sole us
Tibia fibula arch
Deep muscles of posterior compartment leg
POPLITEUS
FHL
FDL
Tibial is posterior
POPLITEUS
Lateral condyle– tibia
Stabilizes knee in extension
Unlocks knee
FHL
Posterior fibula– distal phalanx
FDL
Posterior tibia– distal phalanges
Tibial is posterior
Iom–> navicular tuberosity and medial cuneiform
Inverts and plantarflexes
Nerve supply posterior comp leg
Tibial nerve
Nerve supply of lateral leg
Superficial fibulae
Nerve supply anterior comp leg
Deep fibular nerve
Lateral compartment leg muscles and nerve
Fibularis longus
Fibular is brevis
Superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis longus
Fibular head/upper fibula–> medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1
Plantar flexion
Eversion
Arch support
Fibularis brevis
Lower fibula– metatarsal 5
Eversion foot
Anterior compartment leg and nerve
Tibialis anterior
Fibularis tertius
EHL
EDL
Deep fibular nerve
Tibialis anterior
Lateral tibia/ iom–> medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1
Dorsi flexion
Inversion
Arch support
Fibular is tertius
Distal fibula –> base metatarsal 5
EHL
Middle fibula – distal phalanx big toe
Eversion and dorsi flexion
EDL
Proximal fibula – distal and MIDDLE phalanges
Extension
Dorsi flexion
Insert into medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1
Tibialis posterior
Fibularis longus
Tibialis anterior
Inversion foot
TIBIALIS
Tibialis posterior
Tibial is anterior
Reversion foot
FIBULARIS
longus brevis tertius
Plantarflexion
Superficial post compartment
TIBIALIS posterior
FIBULARIS longus
Dorsiflexion
TIBIALIS anterior
EHL
EDL
FIBULARIS tertius
Medial ankle structures– flexor retinaculum
Tom Dick and very nervous Harry TIBIALIS posterior FDL Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial vein Tibial nerve FHL
Anterior ankle structures – extensor retinaculum
Timothy has a very nasty diseased foot TIBIALIS anterior EHL Dorsalis pedis Deep fibular nerve EDL
Way to remember tarsal bones
The circus needs more interesting little clowns
Loss sensation inner thigh
Obturator
Loss adduction thigh
Obturator
Pelvic surgery
Loss sensation anterior thigh and anterior/posterior medial leg
Femoral nerve
Pelvic surgery
Reduced thigh flexion and leg extension
Femoral nerve
Foot drop- inverted and plantarflexes
Common peroneal
Lateral leg
Fibular neck fracture
Loss sensation dorsum foot
Common peroneal
Common peroneal
Superficial
M: lateral leg
S: lower lateral leg and dorsum
Deep
M: anterior leg
S: first web space
Lateral cutaneous calf
Tibial
Sensory:
Sural nerve
Medial calcaneal branches
Can’t walk on tip toes
Tibial nerve
Loss sensation sole foot
Tibial nerve
Superomedial injection but
Superior gluteal
Can’t go up stairs or rise from seat
Inferior gluteal nerve injury– glut maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve-injury
Posterior hip dislocation
Ischial spines- landmark for …
Pudendal nerve
Weak knee extension with reduced patellar reflex
L3-4
Weak dorsi flexion and difficulty heel walking
L4-5
Weak plantar flexion and difficulty toe walking and reduced Achilles reflex
L5-S1
Sural nerve comes from
Tibial nerve
Short saphenous vein comes joins
Popliteal vein