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Comprehensive Anatomy > Anatomy I Comprehensive > Flashcards

Anatomy I Comprehensive Flashcards

1
Q

Longitudinal
Medial/lateral rotation - pronation/supination
Upper/lower half (transverse)

A

Cranio-caudal axis

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2
Q

Dorso-ventral
Abduction/adduction
Frontal coronal plane

A

Anterior posterior axis

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3
Q

Flexion/extension

Median saggital plane

A

Left-right axis

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4
Q

Diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends)

A

Long bone

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5
Q

Carpals, tarsals, talus, and calcaneus

A

Short bone

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6
Q

Skull/calvaria

A

Flat bone

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7
Q

Vertebrae/facial bones

A

Irregular bone

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8
Q

Patella

A

Sesamoid

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9
Q

Desired action

A

Agonist

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10
Q

Opposing desired action

A

Antagonist

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11
Q

Eliminates agonist unwanted action

A

Synergist

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12
Q

Stabalizes base of attachment of agonist

A

Fixator

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13
Q

Active insufficiency via
Passive insufficiency via

(agonist/antagonist)

A

Agonist

Antagonist

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14
Q

Length of muscle doesn’t change

A

Isometric

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15
Q

Length of muscle does change

A

Isotonic

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16
Q

Muscle gets shorter

A

Concentric

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17
Q

Muscle gets longer

A

Eccentric

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18
Q

Base of axilla boundaries:

A:
P:
M:
L:

Lat dorsi, clavicle, superior scapula, pec major, humerus, first rib, thoracic wall

A

Pectoralis major
Lat dorsi
Thoracic wall
Humerus

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19
Q

Apex of axilla:

A:
P:
M:

Lat dorsi, clavicle, superior scapula, pec major, humerus, first rib, thoracic wall

A

Clavicle
Superior scapula,
First rib

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20
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervated by

A

Thoracodorsal N

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21
Q

4 rotator cuffs

Tendons form cuff around head of humerus for snubbing/rotation

A

S
I
T
S

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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22
Q

Rotator cuff for first few degrees of arm elevation

A

Supraspinatus

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23
Q

All rotator cuff muscles except this one attach to the greater tubercle of humerus - this one attaches to the lesser tubercle

A

Subscapularis

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24
Q

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus are innervated by

A

Suprascapular nerve

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25
Q

The teres minor and subscapularis rotator cuffs both hold the humerus head in place

The teres minor however _ rotates
Subscapularis minor _ rotates

A

Laterally

Medially

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26
Q

Dendrites/nerve bodies of:
CNS:
PNS:

Bundle of axon fibers of:
CNS:
PNS:

A

Nucleus
Ganglion

Tract
Nerve

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27
Q

Main landmark of thoracic wall that marks location of 2nd rib (bc 1st rib is not palpable)

A

Sternal angle of louis

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28
Q

Vertebrae of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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29
Q

Between what 2 muscles is the origin of the brachial plexus

A

Scalaneus anterior and medius

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30
Q

Direct branch at C5

Direct branch at C5-7

A

Dorsal scapular

Long thoracic

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31
Q

Muscle of dorsal scapular nerve in brachial plexus

A

Rhomboids

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32
Q

Muscle of long thoracic nerve in brachial plexus

A

Serratus anterior

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33
Q

Muscle that fixes scapula to thoracic wall and prevents winging

A

Serratus anterior

Innervated by thoracodorsal nerve

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34
Q

Superior trunk vertebrae:
Middle trunk vertebrae:
Inferior trunk vertebrae:

A

C5-6
C7
C8-T1

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35
Q

Nerve to superior trunk of brachial plexus - innervates the supraspinatus/infraspinatus too of rotator cuffs

A

Suprascapular nerve

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36
Q

The subclavian nerve below the suprascapular nerve innervates which muscle

A

Subclavius

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37
Q

Cords of branchial plexus formed by the anterior and posterior divisions accompany which artery

A

Axillary artery

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38
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve innervates

A

Pectoralis major

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39
Q

Upper scapular nerve innervates

A

Subscapularis muscle

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40
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve innervates

A

Latissimus dorsi

41
Q

Lower scapular nerve innervates (2 muscles)

A

Subscapularis and teres major

42
Q

Axillary nerve innervates

A

Deltoid/teres minor

43
Q

Radial nerve innervates

2

A

Posterior compartment of arm/forearm

Brachioradialis

44
Q

Medial pectoral nerve innervates (2)

A

Pectoralis major and minor

45
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve to arm innervates

A

Brachium

46
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve to forearm innervates

A

Antebrachium

47
Q

The lateral colrd is made from which division (A or P)?

Which trunks? (2) (superior, inferior, or middle)

A

Anterior division

Superior and middle

48
Q

The posterior cord is formed by which division of all trunks

A

Posterior

49
Q

The medial cord is formed from which division

A

Anterior

50
Q

Terminal nerves of lateral cords

A

Musculocutaneous and median nerve

51
Q

Terminal branches of medial cords

A

Ulnar And median nerves

52
Q

Subclavian artery passes between the 1st rib and clavicle and is renamed the _

A

Axillary artery

53
Q

The third part of the subclavian artery divides into the _ and _ arteries

A

Radial

Ulnar

54
Q

Radial artery forms _ palmar arch

Ulnar artery forms _ palmar arch

A

Deep

Superficial

55
Q

Ulnar artery gives of _ artery

A

Common interosseous

56
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment innervated by musculocutaneous nerve:

(3)

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

57
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment

Coracobrachialis and biceps brachii cross the glenohumeral joint whereas the brachialis crosses the

A

Elbow joint

58
Q

Muscle of posterior compartment

A

Triceps brachii

59
Q

Boundaries of cubital fossa

Lateral 
Medial 
Superior 
Floor 
Roof

Pronator teres, Brachioradialis, humoral epicondyles, biciptal aponeurosis, brachialis

A 
Brachioradialis 
Pronator teres 
2 humoral epicondyles 
Brachialis 
Bicpital aponeurosis
60
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

A

T (biceps tendon)
A (brachial artery)
N (median nerve)

61
Q

What type of joint is the elbow complex

A

Uniaxial hinge

62
Q

What muscle does the elbow complex primarily works with

A

Antebrachium

63
Q

What 3 joints make the elbow complex

A

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Radioulnar

64
Q

What nerve runs behind the elbow at the funny bone?

Ulnar, thoracodorsal, radial, median, bicipital aponeurosis, musculocutaneous

A

Ulnar

65
Q

What nerve is at the head of the pronator teres

Ulnar, thoracodorsal, radial, median, bicipital aponeurosis, musculocutaneous

A

Median

66
Q

Nerve that innervates supinator muscle

Ulnar, thoracodorsal, radial, median, bicipital aponeurosis, musculocutaneous

A

Radial

67
Q

The bicipital aponeurosis makes up what artery and vein

A

Brachial artery

Median vein

68
Q

What tendons define the anatomical snuff box

3 pollices

A

Extensor pollices longus (dorsal medial)
Extensor pollicis brevis (palmar)
Abductor pollices longus (runs with extensor polllicis brevis)

69
Q

What bone is the most fractured in the snuff box

A

Scaphoid

70
Q

Avulsion by long extensor tendon resulting in hyperflexion of DIP

Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid

A

Mallet finger

71
Q

Progressive fibrosis of palmar aponeurosis resulting in marked flexion of fingers of MP joints

Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

72
Q

Fracture in distal end of radius more common in ppl over 50

Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid

A

Colle’s fracture

73
Q

Loss of thumb opposition, atrophy on thenar muscles, ape hand

Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid

A

Median nerve injury

74
Q

Paralysis of atrophy of interosseous (guttering), loss of hand adduction, clawhand

Mallet, colle’s fracture, ulnar nerve injury, dupuytren’s, median nerve injury, fracture of scaphoid

A

Ulnar nerve injury

75
Q

Primary curvature at birth, ocnvex, thoracic or sacral

A

Kyphosis

76
Q

Secondary curvature acquired later, concave, cervical/lumbar

A

Lordosis

77
Q

How many vertebrae

Cervical
Thracic 
Lumbar 
Sacral 
Coccygeal
A 
7 (8 nerves)
12
5
5
3-4
78
Q

Vertebrae for plexuses:

Cervical:
Brachial:
Lumbosacral:

A

C1-4
C5-T1
L1-S4

79
Q

Conus medullaris of spinal cord ends at what vertebrae

A

L2

80
Q

Lumbar region goes from

A

L1-S2

81
Q

Cervical enlargements occur between what vertebrae

A

C3-T1

82
Q

Vagus nerve _ recurrent hooks around arc of aorta to ligamentum arteriosum

_ recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around _ subclavian artery and arises in neck instead of thorax

A

Left

Right

83
Q

The thymus is located in which portion of the mediastinum

  • Superior or inferior
  • Retrosternal, prevertebral, anterior, posterior, or middle
A

Inferior, anterior

84
Q

The pericardium is located in which part of the mediastinum

  • Superior or inferior
  • Retrosternal, prevertebral, anterior, posterior, or middle
A

Inferior, middle

85
Q

Moderator bands that carry info to papillary muscles are found in what ventricle

A

Right

86
Q

Respiratory diaphragm openings:

3

A

Caval foramen
Esophageal hiatus
Aortic hiatus

87
Q

Caval foramen

Vertebrae:

IVC accomapied by _ nerve

A

T8

Right phrenic

88
Q

Esophageal hiatus

Vertebrae:

Esophagus accompanied by _ nerve

A

T10

Vagus

89
Q

Aortic hiatus

Vertebrae:

Aorta accompanied by _ nerve

A

T12

Greater splanchnic

90
Q

Lobes of lung

_ on R, _ on L

A

3

2

91
Q

Ligament that is remnant of embryonic urachus

A

Median umbilical fold

92
Q

Remnant of umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical fold

93
Q

Remnant of left umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum teres

94
Q

Ligamentum teres is located within what ligament

This ligament attaches liver to anterior abdomen/inferor diaphragm

A

Falciform ligament

95
Q

3 arteries of ciliac trunk

A

Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic

96
Q

Veins of portal system (2)

A

Superior mesenteric

Splenic vein

97
Q

Artery of celiac trunk that supplies pancreas/greater curvature of stomach

Splenic artery
Common hepatic
Left gastric

A

Splenic artery

98
Q

Branch of celiac trunk that travels to lesser omentum and anastomosis with artery from hepatic

Splenic artery
Common hepatic
Left gastric

A

Left gastric artery

99
Q

Branch of celiac trunk that supplies the stomach, liver, gallbladder

Splenic artery
Common hepatic
Left gastric

A

Common hepatic artery

Comprehensive Anatomy (3 decks)

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