Anatomy High-Yield

Question 1

What is located in the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Answer 1

The portal triad consisting on the proper hepatic artery, common bile duct, and portal vein. When performing a cholecystectomy and lose the cystic artery, want to compress this ligament to stop it from bleeding profusely.

Question 2

What is the duodenal papillae?

Answer 2

Where the sphincter of Oddi opens into the duodenum

Question 3

What is the duodojejunal junction?

Answer 3

Where the ligament of Treitz is located. When the ligament contracts, it will increase the lumen of the intestine to make it easier for food to pass through

Question 4

What covers the posterior surface of the rectus abdomens muscle above the arcuate line?

Answer 4

The rectus sheath

Question 5

What covers the posterior surface of the rectus abdomens muscle below the arcuate line?

Answer 5

Transversalis fascia

Question 6

What is contained in the gastrosplenic ligament?

Answer 6

The ligament runs from the stomach to the hilum of the spleen and contains the short gastric and left gastro-omental arteries

Question 7

Where do the SMA and IMA anastomose in the colon?

Answer 7

Via the marginal artery of Drummond in the transverse colon

Question 8

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

Answer 8

Protrusion of the stomach into the thorax through the esophageal hiatus which only contains the cardia of the stomach

Question 9

What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

Answer 9

Pouch of peritoneum that protrudes usually includes part of the fundus

Question 10

What is contained in the splenorenal ligament?

Answer 10

The tail of the pancreas and splenic vessels

Question 11

Summarize the dual blood supply of the liver.

Answer 11

70% comes from the portal vein and 30% comes from the hepatic artery.

Question 12

Where should the needle be inserted for a liver biopsy?

Answer 12

The 10th ICS

Question 13

Where will pain be located in cholecystitis?

Answer 13

In the epigastric region to the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen

Question 14

Where does fluid drain in peritonitis if the infection originates due to a perforated ulcer on the posterior part of the stomach?

Answer 14

Omental bursa -> subphrenic recess -> pericolic gutter
Want to sit them up so that it remains in the pelvic region which is not as heavily vascularized to prevent the infection from spreading

Question 15

What is the ligamentum trees a remnant of?

Answer 15

The umbilical vein

Question 16

What is the ligamentum venous a remnant of?

Answer 16

Ductus venosus

Question 17

What is the reason you have haustra?

Answer 17

Because the teniae coli is shorter than the length of the colon - so want to pull up on the colon

Question 18

Where is the primary place you get volvulus?

Answer 18

The cecum

Question 19

What is the subphrenic recess?

Answer 19

Located between the liver and the diaphragm

Question 20

What branch of the facial nerve innervates the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands?

Answer 20

Chorda tympani

Question 21

What is the iliohypogastric nerve?

Answer 21

Provides sensory innervation to skin of the lower abdomen; a branch of the lumbar plexus that can be injured in appendectomy

Question 22

What provides blood flow to the rectus abdominus muscle if the internal thoracic artery is cut for heart bypass?

Answer 22

The inferior epigastric artery; if the internal thoracic was ligated, blood would no longer flow to superior epigastric which normally supplies the rectus abdominus
However, the superior and inferior epigastric anastomose and thus blood can flow in a collateral direction as follows: external iliac -> inferior epigastric -> superior epigastric -> rectus abdominus

Question 23

Where does the gastroduodenal artery descend?

Answer 23

Behind the first part of the duodenum - thus it can be injured if a duodenal ulcer eats through the duodenum

Question 24

Why is occlusion of the IMA seldom symptomatic?

Answer 24

Because the middle colic artery also supplies the transverse colon and can supply collateral flow to the area of the IMA through the marginal artery of Drummond

Question 25

What dermatome is supplied around the area of the umbilicus?

Answer 25

T10 - important landmark to remember!

Question 26

What provides parasympathetic innervation distal to the end of the transverse colon?

Answer 26

Pelvic nerves - the vagus nerves supply the parasympathetic innervation proximal to this

Question 27

What area of the heart if enlarged can compress the esophagus?

Answer 27

The left atrium - the left atrium is located directly in front of the esophagus and enlargement here can lead to dysphagia.
Left atrial enlargement can be a result of mitral stenosis or left ventricular failure

Question 28

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 28

Pancreas (except tail), kidneys, adrenals, 2-4 parts of duodenum, descending and ascending colon, rectum, ureters, and bladder