Anatomy GI Flashcards by Jenna Goff

The superior epigastric artery is a continuation of what?

internal thoracic (mammary) arteries

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The internal thoracic arteries are branches of what?

The internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) is a long, paired vessel that originates from the proximal part of the

subclavian artery.

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Subclavian artery branches: Mnemonic:

‘Very Tired Individuals Sip Strong Coffee Served Daily’. It covers the following structures:

Vertebral artery

Thyrocervical trunk

Inferior thyroid artery

Superior cervical artery

Suprascapular artery

Costocervical trunk

Supreme intercostal artery

Deep cervical artery

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What is the motor and sensory nerve of the diaphragm?

phrenic nerves

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What nerve provides PNS to the organs of the thorax and abdomen?

vagus nerves

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At what level is the oesophageal hiatus?

T10

Remeber:

aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10

Vena cava = 8 letters = T8

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What level is the IVC opening

Remeber:

aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10

Vena cava = 8 letters = T8

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What level is the aortic hiatuus

T12

Remeber:

aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10

Vena cava = 8 letters = T8

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When does the primordial gut tube develop?

4th week of human development

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What is the primordial gut tube derived from?

Endoderm lining the yolk sac

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Name the parts the primordial gut tube is divided into?

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

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What is the artery of the foregut?

celiac trunk

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Name the Foregut Structures

Primordial pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Liver

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Where is the duodenum proximal to?

The opening of bile gut

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Name the constrictions of the oesophagus

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

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Where is the cervical constriction of the oesophagus found?

15cm from incisor teeth C6

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What is the cervical constriction of the oesophagus called?

Pharyngo-esophageal

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Where is the thoracic constriction of the oesophagus found?

Crossed by arch of aorta and left main bronchus T4

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Where does the diaphragmatic constriction of the oesophagus pass?

Though the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragmatic t10

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What is the thoracic constriction of the oesophagus called?

Broncho-aortic

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Name the parts of the stomach?

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part

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How many curvatures are in the stomach?

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Define pyloric sphincter

Ring of smooth muscle that connects the stomach and small intestine

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What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

Control discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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What artery is apart of the stomach bed?

Splenic artery

Name the organs of the stomach bed

Spleen Left kidney Pancreas Transverse mesocyclone Colon

Name the muscles of the stomach bed

Diaphragm

Name the gland of the stomach bed

Adrenal gland

How much bile can the gallbladder hold?

50ml

What is the function of biliary ducts?

Carry bile from the liver to gallbladder

What is the artery of the gallbladder?

cystic artery

Where is bile produced and stored?

produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Where does the cystic artery lie?

In triangle of calot

What is the triangle of calot?

Triangle between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver

Name the parts of the pancreas

Head Neck Body Tail

Where does the pancreas lie?

Along the transpyloric plane - L1/L2

What vein is formed behind the neck of the pancreas?

Portal vein

Where is the origin of the celiac trunk

Abdominal aorta - T12

Name the branches of the celiac trunk

Left gastric artery Hepatic artery Splenic artery

Where does the left gastric artery run?

lesser curvature of stomach

What does the hepatic artery supply?

Liver and gallbladder

Where does the left gastric artery run?

lesser curvature of stomach

What does the hepatic artery supply?

Liver and gallbladder

Where does the splenic artery run?

Retroperitoneally along the superior margin of the pancreas

Name the midgut structures

Small intestine Cecum Appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon

What does the second part of the duodenum receive?

Bile duct and pancreatic duct

What is a duodenal ulcer?

Inflammatory erosions of the duodenal wall

What is the duodenum?

The shortest, widest and most fixed part of the small intestine

Which part of the intestine has more fat in the mesentery

Ileum

Name the parts of the small intestine

duodenum jejunum ileum

Compare the colour of the jejunum and ileum

Jejunum is deeper red Ileum is pale pink

Compare the wall of the jejunum and ileum

Jejunum wall is thick and heavy Ileum wall is thin and light

Which part of the intestine has greater vascularity?

Jejunum

Which part of the intestine has more lymphoid nodules?

Ileum

What is the blood supply of the midgut?

superior mesenteric artery

What is the origin of the superior mesenteric artery?

Branch of abdominal aorta - L1

What are the main branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

Jejunal and ileal arteries

Describe the relations of the superior mesenteric artery

Crossed anteriorly by splenic vein and neck of the pancreas

What is the artery of the hindgut?

inferior mesenteric artery

Name the hindgut structures?

Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal canal Urethra

How can the large intestine be distinguished from the small intestine?

Haustra Omental appedices Tendinae coli

define omental appendices

Small fatty, peritoneal like projections

Define teniae coli

Thickened bands of smooth muscle

What is the most common appendix position?

Retrocecal

what is haustra

Semilunar folds arise in the inner surface through muscle contractions. These are merely caused functionally and therefore movable. These folds form pouches on the **external surface (haustra).**

what is macburney's point?

Site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis

What is the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Anterior branch of abdominal aorta - L3

What are the parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs?

Vagus nerve Pelvic splanchnic nerves - S2,S3,S4

What are the sympathetic innervation of abdominal organs?

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia Abdominal aortic plexus

What is the function of the portal vein?

Transport venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and abdominal part of GI tract

How is the portal vein formed?

By the union of splenic vein with the superior mesenteric vein

What are portocaval shunts?

Venous enlargements during portal obstruction

Where are the sites of portocaval shunts?

Anorectal junction Gastroesophageal junction Umbilicus

What receives most of the lymph from the abdominal organs?

Thoracic duct

Name the terminal groups of the lumbar nodes?

**Pre-aortic Lateral aortic** **Retro-aortic**: *smallest group of left/lumbar aortic nodes. no defined set of areas that drain to this set of nodes, they occasionally receive tributaries from the paraspinal posterior abdominal wall*