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Anatomy: several systems (Jenna Goff) > Anatomy GI > Flashcards

Anatomy GI Flashcards

1
Q

The superior epigastric artery is a continuation of what?

A

internal thoracic (mammary) arteries

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2
Q

The internal thoracic arteries are branches of what?

A

The internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) is a long, paired vessel that originates from the proximal part of the

subclavian artery.

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3
Q

Subclavian artery branches: Mnemonic:

A

‘Very Tired Individuals Sip Strong Coffee Served Daily’. It covers the following structures:

Vertebral artery

Thyrocervical trunk

Inferior thyroid artery

Superior cervical artery

Suprascapular artery

Costocervical trunk

Supreme intercostal artery

Deep cervical artery

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4
Q

What is the motor and sensory nerve of the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerves

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5
Q

What nerve provides PNS to the organs of the thorax and abdomen?

A

vagus nerves

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6
Q

At what level is the oesophageal hiatus?

A

T10

Remeber:

aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10

Vena cava = 8 letters = T8

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7
Q

What level is the IVC opening

A

T8

Remeber:

aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10

Vena cava = 8 letters = T8

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8
Q

What level is the aortic hiatuus

A

T12

Remeber:

aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10

Vena cava = 8 letters = T8

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9
Q

When does the primordial gut tube develop?

A

4th week of human development

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10
Q

What is the primordial gut tube derived from?

A

Endoderm lining the yolk sac

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11
Q

Name the parts the primordial gut tube is divided into?

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

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12
Q

What is the artery of the foregut?

A

celiac trunk

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13
Q

Name the Foregut Structures

A

Primordial pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Liver

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14
Q

Where is the duodenum proximal to?

A

The opening of bile gut

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15
Q

Name the constrictions of the oesophagus

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

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16
Q

Where is the cervical constriction of the oesophagus found?

A

15cm from incisor teeth C6

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17
Q

What is the cervical constriction of the oesophagus called?

A

Pharyngo-esophageal

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18
Q

Where is the thoracic constriction of the oesophagus found?

A

Crossed by arch of aorta and left main bronchus T4

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19
Q

Where does the diaphragmatic constriction of the oesophagus pass?

A

Though the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragmatic t10

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20
Q

What is the thoracic constriction of the oesophagus called?

A

Broncho-aortic

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21
Q

Name the parts of the stomach?

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part

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22
Q

How many curvatures are in the stomach?

A

2

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23
Q

Define pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of smooth muscle that connects the stomach and small intestine

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24
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A

Control discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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25
Q

What artery is apart of the stomach bed?

A

Splenic artery

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26
Q

Name the organs of the stomach bed

A

Spleen
Left kidney
Pancreas
Transverse mesocyclone
Colon

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27
Q

Name the muscles of the stomach bed

A

Diaphragm

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28
Q

Name the gland of the stomach bed

A

Adrenal gland

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29
Q

How much bile can the gallbladder hold?

A

50ml

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30
Q

What is the function of biliary ducts?

A

Carry bile from the liver to gallbladder

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31
Q

What is the artery of the gallbladder?

A

cystic artery

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32
Q

Where is bile produced and stored?

A

produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

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33
Q

Where does the cystic artery lie?

A

In triangle of calot

An extension of the L hepatic a.
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34
Q

What is the triangle of calot?

A

Triangle between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver

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35
Q

Name the parts of the pancreas

A

Head
Neck
Body
Tail

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36
Q

Where does the pancreas lie?

A

Along the transpyloric plane - L1/L2

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37
Q

What vein is formed behind the neck of the pancreas?

A

Portal vein

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38
Q

Where is the origin of the celiac trunk

A

Abdominal aorta - T12

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39
Q

Name the branches of the celiac trunk

A

Left gastric artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery

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40
Q

Where does the left gastric artery run?

A

lesser curvature of stomach

41
Q

What does the hepatic artery supply?

A

Liver and gallbladder

42
Q

Where does the left gastric artery run?

A

lesser curvature of stomach

43
Q

What does the hepatic artery supply?

A

Liver and gallbladder

44
Q

Where does the splenic artery run?

A

Retroperitoneally along the superior margin of the pancreas

45
Q

Name the midgut structures

A

Small intestine
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

46
Q

What does the second part of the duodenum receive?

A

Bile duct and pancreatic duct

47
Q

What is a duodenal ulcer?

A

Inflammatory erosions of the duodenal wall

48
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

The shortest, widest and most fixed part of the small intestine

49
Q

Which part of the intestine has more fat in the mesentery

A

Ileum

50
Q

Name the parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

51
Q

Compare the colour of the jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum is deeper red
Ileum is pale pink

52
Q

Compare the wall of the jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum wall is thick and heavy
Ileum wall is thin and light

53
Q

Which part of the intestine has greater vascularity?

A

Jejunum

54
Q

Which part of the intestine has more lymphoid nodules?

A

Ileum

55
Q

What is the blood supply of the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery

56
Q

What is the origin of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Branch of abdominal aorta - L1

57
Q

What are the main branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Jejunal and ileal arteries

58
Q

Describe the relations of the superior mesenteric artery

A

Crossed anteriorly by splenic vein and neck of the pancreas

59
Q

What is the artery of the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

60
Q

Name the hindgut structures?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal
Urethra

61
Q

How can the large intestine be distinguished from the small intestine?

A

Haustra
Omental appedices
Tendinae coli

62
Q

define omental appendices

A

Small fatty, peritoneal like projections

63
Q

Define teniae coli

A

Thickened bands of smooth muscle

64
Q

What is the most common appendix position?

A

Retrocecal

65
Q

what is haustra

A

Semilunar folds arise in the inner surface through muscle contractions. These are merely caused functionally and therefore movable.

These folds form pouches on the external surface (haustra).

66
Q

what is macburney’s point?

A

Site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis

67
Q

What is the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Anterior branch of abdominal aorta - L3

68
Q

What are the parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs?

A

Vagus nerve
Pelvic splanchnic nerves - S2,S3,S4

69
Q

What are the sympathetic innervation of abdominal organs?

A

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
Abdominal aortic plexus

70
Q

What is the function of the portal vein?

A

Transport venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and abdominal part of GI tract

71
Q

How is the portal vein formed?

A

By the union of splenic vein with the superior mesenteric vein

72
Q

What are portocaval shunts?

A

Venous enlargements during portal obstruction

73
Q

Where are the sites of portocaval shunts?

A

Anorectal junction
Gastroesophageal junction
Umbilicus

74
Q

What receives most of the lymph from the abdominal organs?

A

Thoracic duct

75
Q

Name the terminal groups of the lumbar nodes?

A

Pre-aortic
Lateral aortic
Retro-aortic: smallest group of left/lumbar aortic nodes. no defined set of areas that drain to this set of nodes, they occasionally receive tributaries from the paraspinal posterior abdominal wall

76
Q

What do pre-aortic lumbar nodes drain?

A

Organs supplied by the anterior branches of aorta

77
Q

What do lateral aortic lumbar nodes drain?

A

Organs supplied by lateral aortic branches

78
Q

What do retro-aortic lumbar nodes drain?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

79
Q

What layers of the spermatic cord is found in the internal oblique?

A

Cremasteric fascia
Cremaster muscl

80
Q

What layer of the spermatic cord is found in the transversalis fascia?

A

Internal spermatic fascia

81
Q

What layer of the spermatic cord is found in the external oblique?

A

External spermatic fascia

82
Q

Where does the iliohypogastric nerve run?

A

To iliac crest, across the quadratic lumborum to transverus abdominis

83
Q

What are the motor functions of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?

A

Innervates the internal oblique and trans versus abdominis

84
Q

What are the sensory function of the iliohypogastric ?

A

Innervates the posterolateral gluteal skin in pubic region

85
Q

What is the root value of the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

L1

86
Q

What is the root value of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

L1

87
Q

What nerve passes though the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

88
Q

What are the sensory functions of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

Innervates the skin on the superior antero-medial thigh

89
Q

What is the root value of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

L1-L2

90
Q

What does the gentiofemoral nerve branch into?

A

Genital and femoral branch

91
Q

What are the motor functions of the gentiofemoral nerve?

A

Innervates cremasteric muscle

92
Q

What is the root value of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

L2, L3

93
Q

Where does the lateral cutaneous nerve enter the thigh?

A

Lateral aspect of inguinal ligament

94
Q

What is the sensory function of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

Innervates the anterior and lateral thigh down to the level of the knee

95
Q

What is the root value of the obturator nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4

96
Q

What is the motor function of the obturator nerve?

A

Innervates the muscles of medial thigh

97
Q

What is the root value of the femoral nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4

98
Q

What are the motor functions of the femoral nerve?

A

Iervates the muscles of the anterior thighnn

Anatomy: several systems (Jenna Goff) (23 decks)

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