Anatomy - Foregut

Question 1

Digestive organs are _____

Answer 1

unpaired

Question 2

All venous return from digestive organs must pass through the ____ via what vein?

Answer 2

the liver via the hepatic portal vein

Question 3

what muscle is the esophagus made up of

Answer 3

skeletal (proximal 1/3)
smooth

Question 4

where does the esophagus begin and end

Answer 4

begins at pharynx and ends at stomach

Question 5

where does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm

Answer 5

Esophageal hiatus at T10

Question 6

the esophagus is usually flattened how at rest

Answer 6

anteroposteriorly

Question 7

where are the 3 potential constrictions the esophagus contracts

Answer 7

arch of aorta
left main bronchus
diaphragm

Question 8

vagus nerves blend to form what plexus and where ?

Answer 8

the esophageal plexus in the inferior thorax

Question 9

the esophageal plexus comes together and forms

Answer 9

anterior and posterior vagal trunks

Question 10

where is the posterior vagal trunk

Answer 10

on the posterior side of the esophagus

Question 11

the short distal portion of the esophagus passes through the

Answer 11

esophageal hiatus

Question 12

Caval foramen is where

Answer 12

T8 of inferior vena cava

Question 13

esophageal hiatus is where

Answer 13

T10 of esophagus

Question 14

aortic hiatus is where

Answer 14

T12 of abdominal aorta

Question 15

stomach receives bolus from

Answer 15

esophagus

Question 16

the stomach is anchored by the ?

Answer 16

greater and lesser omenta
esophagus

Question 17

what is anterior to the stomach

Answer 17

Diaphragm
Left lobe of Liver
Anterior Abdominal wall

Question 18

what is posterior to the stomach

Answer 18

Omental bursa
Neck of pancreas

Question 19

What is inferior to the stomach

Answer 19

Transverse mesocolon
Colon

Question 20

what is posterolateral to the stomach

Answer 20

Spleen

Question 21

what is the blood supply to the stomach?

Answer 21

multiple branches of celiac trunk

Question 22

multiple branches of the celiac trunk do what for the stomach

Answer 22

encircle stomach and provide redundant supply

Question 23

where can you find the spleen

Answer 23

tucked posterolateral to the body of the stomach

between ribs 9-11

Question 24

the spleen typically does NOT descend

Answer 24

inferior to costal margin

Question 25

what is anteromedial to the spleen

Answer 25

stomach

Question 26

what is posterior to the spleen

Answer 26

left part of diaphragm

Question 27

what is medial to the stomach

Answer 27

left kidney pancreas

Question 28

what is inferior to the spleen

Answer 28

colon

Question 29

what does the liver receive

Answer 29

all digestive blood and from the spleen

Question 30

what does the liver do

Answer 30

produces and secretes bile

Question 31

the liver is deep to which ribs on the right side

Answer 31

7-11

Question 32

what is anterior to the liver

Answer 32

diaphragm abdominal wall

Question 33

what is posterior to the liver

Answer 33

diaphragm posterior wall right kidney right adrenal gland

Question 34

what is medial to the liver

Answer 34

portions of stomach

Question 35

what is inferior to the liver

Answer 35

gallbladder superior portion of duodenum lesser omentum right colic flexure transverse colon

Question 36

what is the blood supply to the liver and what does it branch off of

Answer 36

proper hepatic artery branches off of the common hepatic artery

Question 37

most blood into liver is from

Answer 37

the hepatic portal vein

Question 38

what are the major unpaired veins from the foregut

Answer 38

splenic vein gastric veins

Question 39

what is the major unpaired vein from the midgut

Answer 39

superior mesenteric vein

Question 40

what is the major unpaired vein from the hindgut

Answer 40

inferior mesenteric vein

Question 41

blood drains from the liver directly into the ____ via which vein

Answer 41

the inferior vena cava via the hepatic veins

Question 42

which surface does venous drainage of the liver empty

Answer 42

through the posterior surface

Question 43

bile is produced by

Answer 43

hepatocytes

Question 44

bile exits the portal hepatis via

Answer 44

bile ducts

Question 45

what does the gallbladder do

Answer 45

stores and releases bile in response to chyme in the duodenum

Question 46

what are the lymphatic nodes of the foregut

Answer 46

Celiac nodes Gastric nodes Splenic nodes Hepatic nodes Pyloric nodes

Question 47

innervation to the foregut is from which splanchnic nerve

Answer 47

greater thoracic splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

Question 48

innervation of foregut goes where after the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

Answer 48

celiac --> vagus nerve (anterior vagal trunk)

Question 49

foregut visceral sensory reflex does what

Answer 49

motility and mucosal secretion reflexes

Question 50

foregut visceral sensory pain does what

Answer 50

stretch and distension limited pain sensation poorly localized

Question 51

visceral sensory pain of the foregut hitchhikes on sympathetics how ?

Answer 51

greater thoracic splanchnic nerves return via dorsal roots (sensory fibers)

Question 52

preganglionic parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers travel together as ?

Answer 52

blended peri-arterial plexuses

Question 53

where does the blended peri-arterial plexus travel along

Answer 53

branches of the celiac trunk to target organs

Question 54

the pyloric sphincter is densely innervated by

Answer 54

autonomic plexus

Question 55

the pyloric sphincter is constricted by what innervation and nerves

Answer 55

sympathetic greater thoracic splanchnic nerve to celiac ganglia

Question 56

the pyloric sphincter relaxes by what innervation and nerve

Answer 56

parasympathetic anterior vagal trunk