Anatomy For Repro Flashcards
What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis
Secondary cartilaginous
Which muscle is present on the posterior wall of the pelvis
The piriformis
Which nerve network lies on the piriformis
The sacral plexus
What divides the pelvis from the perineum
Pelvis floor/diaphragm
Borders of the pelvic outlet
Posterior - tip of coccyx
Lateral - ischial tuberosities and inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligament
- anterior - pubic arch
What type of joint is the sacroiliac
Synovial …
Which part of the rectum drains into the portal circulation
The superior
Which part of the rectum drains to the systemic circulation
Middle and inferior
Why may haemorrhoids be associated with liver cirrhosis
Sign of portal hypertension
Which venous plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate on its posterior side
The internal vertebral venous plexus
Where does prostate cancer commonly spread and why
Bones (vertebrae) because the prostatic venous plexus communicates on its posterior side with the internal vertebral venous plexus
Innervation of the penis
Pudendal nerve (S1-S2)
What does the hypogastric plexus supply
Sympathetic supply to vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and epididymis
Parasympathetic supply to erectile tissues of both males and females - corpora cavernosa and spongiosa
After surgery why are some men unable to ejaculate
Spermatic cord damage
Where does the internal iliac lymph nodes drain from
Gluteal region, deep perineum and inferior pelvic viscera
Where do the common iliac lymph nodes drain from
External, Internal and Sacral lymph nodes
Why are the male gonads located outside the abdominopelvic cavity
Keep cooler than the rest of the body
what are the main contents of the spermatic cord
Vans deferens, testicular artery, pamniform plexus, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
What is the tough fibrous outer coating of the testis
Tunica albugina
What is external covering of the testis
Tunica vaginalis - parietal and visceral layer
Where is fluid located in a hydrocele
Within the tunica vaginalis
What is the name for blood in the tunica vaginalis
Haematocele
How could you differentiate between a hydrocele and a haematocele
Light can’t pass through haematocele but transiluminates hydrocele
What is the blood supply of the testes and where does this artery arise from the abdominal aorta
Testicular artery from L2
What is the venous drainage of the testis
What is their function
Pampiniform plexus
Cool down arterial blood before it reaches the testicles
Where does the right testicular vein drain to
IVC
Where does the left testicular vein drain to
Left renal vein
What is a varicocele
Gross dilatation of the veins draining the testis
Which 2 lymph node groups receive lymph from the testicles
Lumbar and preaortic
Where does the vas deferens terminate
Joining the duct of the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct
Where is seminal fluid produced
Seminal glands/vesicles
Where is sperm produced
The seminiferous tubules of the testes
What secretions are produced by the prostate gland
Proteolytic enzymes which break down clotting factor in ejaculate
Where do bulbourethral glands empty their secretions
Empty into the proximal spongy urethra
What do bulbourethral glands secrete
Lubricating mucus secretion
What type of muscle is the internal anal sphincter
Smooth
Where does the prostate lymph drain to
Pre-aortic lymph nodes
Name of the space between the uterus and rectum
Recto-uterine pouch
Peritonisation of the rectum
Top = anterior and lateral Middle = anterior Bottom = extraperitoneal
Sections of the male urethra
Pre-prostatic
Prostatic part
Membranous part
Spongy part
Which structures combine to form the ejacutlatory duct
Vas deferens and seminal vesicle
Thick outer covering of the testis
Tunica vaginalis
What form the inferior pelvic aperture
Sacrotuberous
Ischiopubic rami
Attachment of the piriformis
Through the greater sciatic foramen to greater trochanter of the femur
Attachment of obturator internus
Through lesser sciatic foramen to insert into greater trochanter of the femur
Action of piriformis and obturator internus on hip joint
Lateral rotators
Action of the levator anii muscle
Maintain position of rectum, urethra and vagina/maintain continence
In a state of tonic contraction
Also move the posterior anterior and up
Innervation of levator anii
S2,3,4 –> keeps poo off the floor
Internal pudendal artery path
Out through greater sciatic foramen, around the sacrospinous ligament to then enter the lesser sciatic foramen
Major branches of the internal iliac artery
Superior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal Internal pudendal Obturator Umbilical (obliterated)
Root value of pudendal nerve
S2, 3, 4
