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Genitourinary Women > Anatomy Female > Flashcards

Anatomy Female Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the Female reproductive system?

A
  • Ovaries
  • Uterine (fallopian tubes)
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
  • External organs (Vulva or pudendum)
  • Mammary glands
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2
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

Paired organs that produce secondary oocytes and hormones

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3
Q

What are the hormones produced by the ovaries?

A
  • Progesterone
  • Estrogen
  • Inhibin
  • Relaxin
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4
Q

What is the ovarian cortex?

A

A region of dense connective tissue that contains ovarian follicles
- Located deep to the germinal epithelium

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5
Q

What does each ovarian follicle consist of?

A
  • Oocyte

- Varying number of cells that nourish the oocyte and secrete estrogen as follicle grows

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6
Q

What is a Graafian follicle?

A

A mature ovarian follicle

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7
Q

What are mature (Graafian) ovarian follicles?

A

A large, fluid-filled follicle that is preparing to rupture and expel a secondary oocyte

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8
Q

What is the Corpus Luteum?

A
  • Remnants of the ovulated follicle
  • Produces the 4 hormones of the ovaries
  • Also called Yellow body
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9
Q

What is the Corpus Albicans?

A
  • Fibrous tissue degenerated from corpus luteum

- Also called White body

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10
Q

What part of the ovaries contains the blood/lymphatic vessels, nerves and consists of loose connective tissue?

A
  • Ovarian medulla

- Region deep to the ovarian cortex

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11
Q

What do the fallopian (uterine) tubes transport?

A

Secondary oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus

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12
Q

What is the open, funnel-shaped end of each fallopian tube that is open to the pelvic cavity?

A

Infundibulum

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13
Q

What is fimbriae?

A

Fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes

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14
Q

After ovulation, what sweeps the secondary oocyte into the uterine tube?

A

Local currents produced by the movements of the fimbriae

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15
Q

How is the oocyte moved through the fallopian tube?

A
  • Cilia in the tube’s mucosa lining

- Peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle layer

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16
Q

What is the usual site of fertilization of a secondary oocyte by a sperm cell?

A

Uterine tube

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17
Q

Within what time frame must fertilization occur after ovulation?

A

24 hours

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18
Q

What is a fertilized ovum called?

A

Zygote

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19
Q

What happens to a fertilized ovum or an unfertilized secondary oocyte?

A
  • Fertilized: descends to uterus within 7 days

- Unfertilized: disintegrates

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20
Q

What purpose does the uterus(womb) serve?

A
  • Pathway for sperm to uterine tube
  • Implantation of a fertilized ovum
  • Source of menstrual flow
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21
Q

Where is the uterus situated and what is its shape?

A
  • Between bladder and rectum

- Shaped like a pear

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22
Q

What are the portions of the uterus?

A
  • Fundus (superior portion)
  • Uterine cavity (Interior body)
  • Body (central portion)
  • Myometrium (Middle muscular layer)
  • Endometrium (Innermost part of uterine wall)
  • Cervix (Opening to vagina)
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23
Q

What is the purpose of the endometrium?

A

A mucous membrane that nourishes a growing fetus or is shed during menstruation

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24
Q

What does the endometrium contain?

A

Endometrial glands whose secretions nourish sperm and zygote

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25
Q

What is the purpose of the vagina?

A
  • Receptacle for the penis
  • Outlet for menstrual flow
  • Passageway for childbirth
26
Q

What is the recess that surrounds the cervix?

A

Fornix

27
Q

The mucosa of the vagina contains large stores of what?

A

Glycogen

28
Q

What does the decomposition of glycogen produce?

A

Organic acids

29
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Diamond-shaped area between the thighs and buttocks of both male and females that contains the external genitalia and anus

30
Q

What is the Mons Pubis?

A

Elevation of adipose tissue covered by coarse pubic hair, which cushions the pubic symphysis

31
Q

What does the labia majora contain?

A

Adipose tissue and sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands

32
Q

What is the difference of the labia minor from the labia majora?

A
  • Does not contain pubic hair/fat
  • Has few sudoriferous glands
  • Does not contain sebaceous glands
33
Q

What is a cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves located at the anterior junction of labia minora?

A
  • Clitoris

* covered by prepuce

34
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

Region between the labia minora

35
Q

What is contained within the vestibule?

A
  • Hymen (if present)
  • Vaginal orifice
  • External urethral orifice
  • Openings of the ducts of the paraurethral glands ( on either side of urethral orifice)
36
Q

What do the paraurethral glands do?

A
  • Secrete mucus

- Also called Skene glands

37
Q

What are Bartholin glands?

A

Produce small quantities of mucus during sexual arousal and intercourse that adds to cervical mucus and provides lubrication

38
Q

What are the modified sudoriferous glands that secrete milk?

A

Mammary glands

39
Q

How many lobes are there in a mammary glands and how are they situated?

A
  • 15 to 20 lobes

- Arranged radially and separated by adipose tissue and Cooper’s ligaments

40
Q

What are Cooper’s ligaments?

A

Strands of connective tissue

- Also called suspensory ligaments

41
Q

What influence the development of female breasts during the onset of puberty?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

42
Q

What are the functions of mammary glands?

A
  • Synthesis, secretion, and ejection of milk
43
Q

Milk production is stimulated by the production of what hormone?

A

Prolactin from the anterior pituitary

44
Q

Ejection of milk is stimulated by what hormone?

A

Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary

45
Q

The female reproductive cycle lasts how long and what?

A
  • About a month

- Involves both oogenesis and preparation of uterus changes to receive a zygote

46
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Formation and development of gametes in females

47
Q

What controls the main events of oogenesis?

A

Hormones secreted by hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and ovaries

48
Q

What hormones control the uterine (menstrual) cycle?

A

Steroid hormones from the ovaries

49
Q

What does the general term female reproductive cycle encompass?

A
  • Ovarian and Uterine cycle
  • Hormonal changes that regulate cycles
  • Cyclical changes in breasts and cervix
50
Q

What controls the ovarian and uterine cycles?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone secreted by hypothalamus

51
Q

What does GNRH stimulate the release of in the anterior pituitary?

A
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

- Luteinizing hormone (LH)

52
Q

What does FSH initiate?

A
  • Follicular growth

- Secretion of estrogen by growing follicles

53
Q

What does LH stimulate?

A
  • Further development of ovarian follicles

- Full secretion of estrogen

54
Q

Mid-cycle, what does LH trigger?

A
  • Ovulation

- Promotes formation of corpus luteum

55
Q

Once stimulated by LH, what does the corpus luteum do?

A

Produces and secretes estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin

56
Q

What are several important functions of estrogen?

A
  • Development/maintenance of reproductive structures, secondary sex characteristics, and mammary glands
  • Stimulate protein synthesis
  • Lower blood cholesterol level
57
Q

Progesterone acts with estrogen for what function?

A
  • Prepare and maintain the endometrium for implantation of fertilized ovum
  • Prepare mammary glands for milk secretion
58
Q

Where is relaxin produced and what does it do?

A
  • Corpus luteum

- Relaxes the uterus by inhibiting contractions of the myometrium

59
Q

What produces majority of relaxin during pregnancy?

A

Placenta

60
Q

What does relaxin do at the end of pregnancy?

A
  • Increases flexibility of pubic symphysis

- Dilate the uterine cervix

61
Q

What secretes inhibin?

A
  • Growing follicles

- Corpus luteum

62
Q

What does inhibin do?

A

Inhibits the secretion of FSH, and to lesser extent LH

Genitourinary Women (7 decks)

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