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A Spring 2024 > Anatomy exam 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest organ?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What is the epidermis made up of?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What is the dermis made up of?

A

connective tissue

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4
Q

What is the hypodermis made up of?

A

Adipose tissue

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5
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A
  • Resistance to trauma, pathogens, and infections due to keratin
  • Barrier to water, prevents the body from absorbing excess water from its surrounds
  • Vitamin D synthesis, process completed by liver or kidneys
  • sensation by nerve endings
  • Thermoregulation by sweating, shivering, dilatation or constriction of blood vessels in the dermis
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6
Q

What is achondroplastic dwarfism?

A
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7
Q

What is pituitary dwarfism?

A
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8
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A
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9
Q

What do osteocytes do?

A
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10
Q

What do osteogenic cells do?

A
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11
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A
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12
Q

Which cell is only found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum?

A

Dendritic cells

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13
Q

What are tactile cells?

A

Receptors for touch

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14
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

immune cells that originate from bone marrow and travel to the epidermis and epithelia of oral cavity, esophagus and vagina

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15
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

only occur in stratum basale, synthesize melanin,

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16
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Undifferentiated cells, divide and give rise to keratinocytes, in stratum basale

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17
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

Majority of the epidermis, synthesize keratin,

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18
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

Close to the basement membrane, simple cuboidal, includes melanocytes, stem cells, and tactile cells, bottom layer

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19
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

several layers of keratinocytes, the thickest stratum, produces more keratin filaments, 4th layer

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20
Q

What is the order of the epidermis

A

corneum, ludium, granulosum, spinosum, and basale

21
Q

What is stratum granulosum?

A

made of keratinocytes, 3-5 layers

22
Q

What is the stratum ludium?

A

Only in thick skin, its cells have no nucli or organelles,

23
Q

What is the stratum corneum

A

many layers of dead, keratinized cells, abrasion resistant.

24
Q

What are fingerprints caused by?

A

Friction ridges from the dermis

25
Q

What are dermal papillae?

A

A bump or ridge of dermis that extends upward to interdigitate with the epidermis and create a wavy boundary that resists stress and slippage of the epidermis.

26
Q

What are epidermal rigdes?

A

downward epidermal waves btw the palliate

27
Q

What is a reddish birthmark made of benign tumors of capillaries?

A

hemangioma

28
Q

When you move your fingers, where do your finger joints move?

A

flexion creases

29
Q

What do we call elevated patches of melanized skin?

A

moles

30
Q

What do we call flat, melanized patches that vary with heredity and sun exposure?

A

Freckles

31
Q

What is the papillary layer

A

the top layer of the dermis that is a thin zone of areolar tissue, allows for WBC mobility and is rich in blood vessels

32
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

Under the paplliary layer of dermis, lower layer of dermis, deeper and thicker, dense irregular tissue,

33
Q

What is another name for the hypodermis

A

subcutaneous tissue

34
Q

What is the hypodermis

A

More adipose and areolar tissue, binds skin to underlying tissue,

35
Q

What is subcutaneous fat

A

hypodermis with mostly adipose tissue

36
Q

What is pallor skin?

A

pale or ash-colored skin

37
Q

What are the accessory organs of the skin?

A

Hair, nails, cutaneous glands

38
Q

What is the other work for hair

A

pilus

39
Q

What is downy hair

A

fine, unpigmented hair, appears in last 3 months of fetal development

40
Q

What is vellus hair

A

hair that replaces downy, makes up most of the hair in women,

41
Q

what is terminal hair

A

heavily pigmented, longer, and coarse hair, eyebrows and eyelashes, pubic and auxillary hair

42
Q

What is the shaft of a hair?

A

the portion of hair above the skin

43
Q

what is the root of the hair?

A

the portion of hair beneath the surface

44
Q

What is the follicle called

A

the bulb

45
Q

What is the medulla?

A
46
Q

What is sebum?

A

an oily secretion that helps keep hair and skin moisterized

47
Q

What is the first class level system

A
48
Q

What is the second class level system

A
49
Q
A

A Spring 2024 (7 decks)

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