Anatomy exam 2

Question 1

what is the largest organ?

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

What is the epidermis made up of?

Answer 2

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 3

What is the dermis made up of?

Answer 3

connective tissue

Question 4

What is the hypodermis made up of?

Answer 4

Adipose tissue

Question 5

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 5

• Resistance to trauma, pathogens, and infections due to keratin
• Barrier to water, prevents the body from absorbing excess water from its surrounds
• Vitamin D synthesis, process completed by liver or kidneys
• sensation by nerve endings
• Thermoregulation by sweating, shivering, dilatation or constriction of blood vessels in the dermis

Question 6

What is achondroplastic dwarfism?

Question 7

What is pituitary dwarfism?

Question 8

What do osteoclasts do?

Question 9

What do osteocytes do?

Question 10

What do osteogenic cells do?

Question 11

What do osteoblasts do?

Question 12

Which cell is only found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum?

Answer 12

Dendritic cells

Question 13

What are tactile cells?

Answer 13

Receptors for touch

Question 14

What are dendritic cells?

Answer 14

immune cells that originate from bone marrow and travel to the epidermis and epithelia of oral cavity, esophagus and vagina

Question 15

What are melanocytes?

Answer 15

only occur in stratum basale, synthesize melanin,

Question 16

What are stem cells?

Answer 16

Undifferentiated cells, divide and give rise to keratinocytes, in stratum basale

Question 17

What are keratinocytes?

Answer 17

Majority of the epidermis, synthesize keratin,

Question 18

What is the stratum basale?

Answer 18

Close to the basement membrane, simple cuboidal, includes melanocytes, stem cells, and tactile cells, bottom layer

Question 19

What is the stratum spinosum?

Answer 19

several layers of keratinocytes, the thickest stratum, produces more keratin filaments, 4th layer

Question 20

What is the order of the epidermis

Answer 20

corneum, ludium, granulosum, spinosum, and basale

Question 21

What is stratum granulosum?

Answer 21

made of keratinocytes, 3-5 layers

Question 22

What is the stratum ludium?

Answer 22

Only in thick skin, its cells have no nucli or organelles,

Question 23

What is the stratum corneum

Answer 23

many layers of dead, keratinized cells, abrasion resistant.

Question 24

What are fingerprints caused by?

Answer 24

Friction ridges from the dermis

Question 25

What are dermal papillae?

Answer 25

A bump or ridge of dermis that extends upward to interdigitate with the epidermis and create a wavy boundary that resists stress and slippage of the epidermis.

Question 26

What are epidermal rigdes?

Answer 26

downward epidermal waves btw the palliate

Question 27

What is a reddish birthmark made of benign tumors of capillaries?

Answer 27

hemangioma

Question 28

When you move your fingers, where do your finger joints move?

Answer 28

flexion creases

Question 29

What do we call elevated patches of melanized skin?

Answer 29

moles

Question 30

What do we call flat, melanized patches that vary with heredity and sun exposure?

Answer 30

Freckles

Question 31

What is the papillary layer

Answer 31

the top layer of the dermis that is a thin zone of areolar tissue, allows for WBC mobility and is rich in blood vessels

Question 32

What is the reticular layer?

Answer 32

Under the paplliary layer of dermis, lower layer of dermis, deeper and thicker, dense irregular tissue,

Question 33

What is another name for the hypodermis

Answer 33

subcutaneous tissue

Question 34

What is the hypodermis

Answer 34

More adipose and areolar tissue, binds skin to underlying tissue,

Question 35

What is subcutaneous fat

Answer 35

hypodermis with mostly adipose tissue

Question 36

What is pallor skin?

Answer 36

pale or ash-colored skin

Question 37

What are the accessory organs of the skin?

Answer 37

Hair, nails, cutaneous glands

Question 38

What is the other work for hair

Answer 38

pilus

Question 39

What is downy hair

Answer 39

fine, unpigmented hair, appears in last 3 months of fetal development

Question 40

What is vellus hair

Answer 40

hair that replaces downy, makes up most of the hair in women,

Question 41

what is terminal hair

Answer 41

heavily pigmented, longer, and coarse hair, eyebrows and eyelashes, pubic and auxillary hair

Question 42

What is the shaft of a hair?

Answer 42

the portion of hair above the skin

Question 43

what is the root of the hair?

Answer 43

the portion of hair beneath the surface

Question 44

What is the follicle called

Answer 44

the bulb

Question 45

What is the medulla?

Question 46

What is sebum?

Answer 46

an oily secretion that helps keep hair and skin moisterized

Question 47

What is the first class level system

Question 48

What is the second class level system