Anatomy (digestive): Quiz 3

Question 1

6 nutrients that humans need

Answer 1

• Protein
• Fats (lipids)
• Carbs
• Water
• Vitamins
• Minerals

Question 2

Define metabolism

Answer 2

All the chemical reactions that occur in living organisms needed to maintain life

Question 3

Define catabolism

Answer 3

metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller subunits

Question 4

Define anabolism

Answer 4

metabolic reactions that us energy to produce larger molecules from smaller substances

Question 5

Define metabolic rate

Answer 5

rate at which body converts stored energy into working energy.
Depends on body size, physical activity, sex, age, hereditary

Question 6

Function of carbs

Answer 6

main energy source for body

Question 7

Composition of carbs

Answer 7

molecules containing atoms of CARBON, HYDROGEN + OXYGEN in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 8

Types of carbs

Answer 8

MONOSACCHARIDE: single sugar molecule (veggies/fruit/honey)

DISACCHARIDE: 2 sugar molecules joined together (milk+sugars)

POLYSACCHARIDE- complex carb made of many linked single sugars (rice/corn/wheat)

Question 9

Carbs make up how much of our daily energy needs?

Answer 9

55%

Question 10

Can humans digest fibre?

Answer 10

NO, but fibre helps in the elimination process

Question 11

How are carbs stored?

Answer 11

carbs stored in liver and muscle tissue as glycogen. If too much glycogen, stored as body fat

Question 12

Function of proteins

Answer 12

Key building blocks of cells. They do lots of things like…

• make up hormones
• help create bodily structures
• build hair, skin and nails

Question 13

Composition of proteins

Answer 13

Long chains of AMINO ACIDS

Question 14

Types of proteins

Answer 14

• 20 different types of amino acids
• human body can make 12
• 8 obtained from food (aka the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS)

Question 15

Proteins make up how much of our daily energy needs?

Answer 15

10-30%

Question 16

How are proteins stored?

Answer 16

-when eaten, body separates proteins into individual amino acids so they can be rearranged for use

• humans unable to store excess protein
• EXCESS stripped of nitrogen base + converted into glycogen ——> glucose for energy (excess glucose stored as body fat)

Question 17

Function of lipids

Answer 17

Concentrated energy source.

• helps absorb vitamins
• component of cell membrane
• insulation
• certain hormones are fats

Question 18

Composition of lipids

Answer 18

made of 3 FATTY ACID CHAINS bonded to GLYCEROL

whole molecule called a TRYGLYCERIDE

Question 19

Typed of lipids

Answer 19

SATURATED: usually solid @ room temp. Every carbon bonded to hydrogens, single bonds.

UNSATURATED: oils, usually liquid @ room temp. Some Cs not filled with Hs. Have carbon double bonds.

STEROID: sex hormones and cholesterol (essential for structure of cell membrane)

Question 20

Tell me about cholesterol

Answer 20

• good and bad types
• essential substance for body
• too much is harmful
• this lipid structure is essential for structure of cell membrane

Question 21

Lipids make up how much of our daily energy needs?

Answer 21

no more than 30%

Question 22

How are lipids stored?

Answer 22

as fat in body (adipose tissue)

Question 23

Digestion in mouth

Answer 23

Physical
-chewing

Chemical
-salivary glands release AMYLASE (digests carbs)

Question 24

Digestion in esophagus

Answer 24

Physical only

-peristalsis

Question 25

Digestion in stomach

Answer 25

Physical
-churning +peristalsis

Chemical

• GASTRIN HORMONE stimulated by food in stomach stimulates release of HCL and PEPSINOGEN
• HCL+ pepsinogen= PEPSIN (enzyme that digests proteins)
• only proteins are digested in stomach