Anatomy deck Flashcards
Where is the hypophysis located?
silla turca(sphenoid bone)
How is the hypothalamus connected to the pituitary gland?
connecting stalk or pituitary stalk
What is located on top of hypophysis?
optic chiasm and the thrid ventricle
What is located under the hypophysis?
sphenoid bone and the sphenoid caverns
What are the cranial nerves related to pituitary gland(hypophysis)?
3,4,6,7
Blood supply of the hypophysis is through?
Internal Carotid artery(coming through the sphenoid caverns to get to hypophysis)
Internal carotoid artery divides into:
superior hypophyseal artery=supplies adenohypophysis
inferior hypophyseal artery=supplies neurohypophyseal artery
Superior hypophyseal artery divides into:
medial and lateral branch(which creates anastosome)(arterial ring around infundibulum which leads to the portal system of the pituitary gland being made)
Which branch of the hypophyseal artery does the portal system start of?
superior branch(supplying to the adenohypophysis)
Where do the veins drain in the hypophysis(pituitary gland)?
into cavernous sinuses(sphenoid sinusses)
What is the venous supply of the hypophysis?
neurohypophysis= inferior hypophyseal vein
adenohypophysis=restricted and only few vessels go directly into systemic veins
Why do people with thyroid problems get hoarseness?
because thyroid gland is related to larynx muscles
Arterial blood supply of the thyroid gland is through?
external carotid artery. and divides into :
superior thyroid artery=anterior glandular branch(anastosome with same brach of the opposite side) and posterior glandular branch(anastosome with inferior thyroid artery)
thyrocervical trunk divides into:
-inferior thyroid artery=inferior branch(connects with posterior glandular branch) and ascending branch(supplies parathyroid glands)
Venous supply of thyroid gland?
-superior thyroid vein= drain into internal jugular vein
-middle thyroid vein=drain into internal jugular vein
-inferior thyroid vein= drain into brachiocephalic vein
Lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland?
through:
-deep cervical nodes(along internal jugular vein)
-paratracheal nodes(near trachea)
innervation of thyroid gland?
vagus nerve bracnches into recurrent laryngeal nerves(loop around subclavian artery on the right and aortic arch on the left)
Recurrent laryngeal nerves=are recurrent because ascend and then go down (are ascending between trachea and esophagus to get to thyroid gland)
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves innervate _______ besides the thyroid gland…
innervate also larynx muscles
Arterial supply of parathyroid gland is through?
ascending branch( of inferior thyroid gland)
Venous drainage of the parathyroid gland is through?
-superior thyroid vein=drain into internal jugular vein
-middle thyroid vein=drain into internal jugular vein
-inferior thyroid vein=drains into bracheocephalic vein
Lymphatic drainage of parathyroid gland?
deep cervical nodes
paratracheal nodes
Innervation of parathyroid gland?
thyroid branches of cervical ganglia (recurrent laryngeal nerves)
Adrenal glands are… retroperitoneal or peritoneal organs?
retroperitoneal
What is the fascia that separates the adrenal glands from the kidneys?
Renal fascia of gerota
Arterial supply of adrenal glands?
-superior adrenal artery=arise from inferior phrenic artery
-middle adrenal artery=arise from abdominal aorta
-inferior adrenal artery=arise from renal artery
Venous drainage of adrenal glands?
adrenal vein
divides into:
-right adrenal vein(drains into inferior vena cava)
-left adrenal vein(joins inferior phrenic vein and drains into renal vein)
Lymphatic drainage of adrenal glands?
-lateral aortic nodes
-nodes of posterior mediastinum
-renal hilar nodes
Innervation of adrenal glands?
Celliac plexus(can control blood flow)
Greater splanichic nerves
Innervation of medulla of adrenal gland is through…
Presynaptic mylenated fibers (T10-L1)
Innervation of medulla in adrenal glands stimulate the…
Chromaffin cells to release the catecholamins
Innervation in the cortex of adrenal glands stimulate production of …
steroid hormones
