Anatomy deck

Question 1

Where is the hypophysis located?

Answer 1

silla turca(sphenoid bone)

Question 2

How is the hypothalamus connected to the pituitary gland?

Answer 2

connecting stalk or pituitary stalk

Question 3

What is located on top of hypophysis?

Answer 3

optic chiasm and the thrid ventricle

Question 4

What is located under the hypophysis?

Answer 4

sphenoid bone and the sphenoid caverns

Question 5

What are the cranial nerves related to pituitary gland(hypophysis)?

Answer 5

3,4,6,7

Question 6

Blood supply of the hypophysis is through?

Answer 6

Internal Carotid artery(coming through the sphenoid caverns to get to hypophysis)

Internal carotoid artery divides into:
superior hypophyseal artery=supplies adenohypophysis
inferior hypophyseal artery=supplies neurohypophyseal artery

Question 7

Superior hypophyseal artery divides into:

Answer 7

medial and lateral branch(which creates anastosome)(arterial ring around infundibulum which leads to the portal system of the pituitary gland being made)

Question 8

Which branch of the hypophyseal artery does the portal system start of?

Answer 8

superior branch(supplying to the adenohypophysis)

Question 9

Where do the veins drain in the hypophysis(pituitary gland)?

Answer 9

into cavernous sinuses(sphenoid sinusses)

Question 10

What is the venous supply of the hypophysis?

Answer 10

neurohypophysis= inferior hypophyseal vein
adenohypophysis=restricted and only few vessels go directly into systemic veins

Question 11

Why do people with thyroid problems get hoarseness?

Answer 11

because thyroid gland is related to larynx muscles

Question 12

Arterial blood supply of the thyroid gland is through?

Answer 12

external carotid artery. and divides into :

superior thyroid artery=anterior glandular branch(anastosome with same brach of the opposite side) and posterior glandular branch(anastosome with inferior thyroid artery)

thyrocervical trunk divides into:
-inferior thyroid artery=inferior branch(connects with posterior glandular branch) and ascending branch(supplies parathyroid glands)

Question 13

Venous supply of thyroid gland?

Answer 13

-superior thyroid vein= drain into internal jugular vein
-middle thyroid vein=drain into internal jugular vein

-inferior thyroid vein= drain into brachiocephalic vein

Question 14

Lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland?

Answer 14

through:
-deep cervical nodes(along internal jugular vein)
-paratracheal nodes(near trachea)

Question 15

innervation of thyroid gland?

Answer 15

vagus nerve bracnches into recurrent laryngeal nerves(loop around subclavian artery on the right and aortic arch on the left)

Recurrent laryngeal nerves=are recurrent because ascend and then go down (are ascending between trachea and esophagus to get to thyroid gland)

Question 16

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves innervate _______ besides the thyroid gland…

Answer 16

innervate also larynx muscles

Question 17

Arterial supply of parathyroid gland is through?

Answer 17

ascending branch( of inferior thyroid gland)

Question 18

Venous drainage of the parathyroid gland is through?

Answer 18

-superior thyroid vein=drain into internal jugular vein
-middle thyroid vein=drain into internal jugular vein

-inferior thyroid vein=drains into bracheocephalic vein

Question 19

Lymphatic drainage of parathyroid gland?

Answer 19

deep cervical nodes
paratracheal nodes

Question 20

Innervation of parathyroid gland?

Answer 20

thyroid branches of cervical ganglia (recurrent laryngeal nerves)

Question 21

Adrenal glands are… retroperitoneal or peritoneal organs?

Answer 21

retroperitoneal

Question 22

What is the fascia that separates the adrenal glands from the kidneys?

Answer 22

Renal fascia of gerota

Question 23

Arterial supply of adrenal glands?

Answer 23

-superior adrenal artery=arise from inferior phrenic artery
-middle adrenal artery=arise from abdominal aorta
-inferior adrenal artery=arise from renal artery

Question 24

Venous drainage of adrenal glands?

Answer 24

adrenal vein

divides into:
-right adrenal vein(drains into inferior vena cava)
-left adrenal vein(joins inferior phrenic vein and drains into renal vein)

Question 25

Lymphatic drainage of adrenal glands?

Answer 25

-lateral aortic nodes
-nodes of posterior mediastinum
-renal hilar nodes

Question 26

Innervation of adrenal glands?

Answer 26

Celliac plexus(can control blood flow)
Greater splanichic nerves

Question 27

Innervation of medulla of adrenal gland is through…

Answer 27

Presynaptic mylenated fibers (T10-L1)

Question 28

Innervation of medulla in adrenal glands stimulate the…

Answer 28

Chromaffin cells to release the catecholamins

Question 29

Innervation in the cortex of adrenal glands stimulate production of …

Answer 29

steroid hormones