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4th year > Anatomy - CN > Flashcards

Anatomy - CN Flashcards

1
Q

Nuclei - medulla oblongata?

A

Sensory: spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5) + vestibular nuclei (CN8) + nucleus of solitari tract (CN7,9,10)

PS: dorsal nucleus of vagal nerve (CN10) + inferior salivatory nucleus (CN9)

Motor: nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (CN12) + nucleus ambiguus (CN9,10,11)

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2
Q

Nuclei - pons?

A

Sensory: principal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5) + vestibular nuclei (CN8) + anterior/posterior cochlear nuclei (CN8)

PS: superior salivatory nucleus (CN7)

Motor: motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5) + nucleus of abducens nerve (CN9) + nucleus of facial nerve (CN7)

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3
Q

Nuclei - mesencephalon?

A

Sensory: mesenchepalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5)

PS: accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve (CN3) (Edinger-Westphal)

Motor: motor nucleus of oculomotor nerve (CN3) + motor nucleus of trochlear nerve (CN4)

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4
Q

Which CN arise from which sulci in medulla oblongata?

A

Sulcus anterolateralis: CN12

Sulcus posterolateralis: CN9,10,11

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5
Q

Which nuclei arise from which sulcus/part of pons?

A

Lateral part of pons: CN5

Sulcus bulbopontinus: CN6,7,8

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6
Q

Which nuclei arise from which parts of mesencephalon?

A

Fossa interpeduncularis - between crura cerebri:
CN3

Fossa interpeduncularis - below crura cerebri: CN4

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7
Q

With which tract is dopamine associated?

A

Substantia nigra –> Striatum (pallidum) = Nigrostriatal tract

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8
Q

Pupillary light reflex is associated with which nucleus?

A

PS: accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve (CN3) (Edinger-Westphal)

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9
Q

What are the relations of thalamus?

A

Under thalamus: brainstem
Above thalamus: fornix + cerebral hemispheres
Separates thalamus: hypothalamic sulcus
Anterior end: tubercle
posterior end: pulvinar
two thalami connected by: interthalamic adhesion

Lateral surface:
Superolateral to thalamus - caudate nucleus

Superior surface:
stria terminalis + thalamostriate vein
taenia thalami + stria medullaris thalami
lamina afixa

Medial surface:
3rd ventricle + interthalamic adhesion
hypothalamic sulcus

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10
Q

Connection of ventral anterior/lateral nucleus?

A

Precentral gyrus = motoric nucleus

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11
Q

Connection of ventral posterolateral/posteromedial nucleus?

A

postcentral gyrus = sensory nucleus

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12
Q

Connections of medial thalamic nuclei?

A

afferents: frontal lobe + cingulate gyrus

efferents: thalamic nuclei + hypothalamus + globus pallidus

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13
Q

Connections of dorsal thalamic nuclei?

A

afferents: other thalamic nuclei

efferents: parietal/temporal/occipital lobes

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14
Q

functions of lateral geniculate body of metathalamus?

A

visual centre - occipital cortex

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15
Q

functions of medial geniculate body of metathalamus?

A

auditory centre - transverse temporal gyri

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16
Q

connections of habenular nuclei of epithalamus?

A

afferent: olfactory impulses

efferent: salivatory nuclei + cranial nerve nuclei + reticular formation

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17
Q

functions of anterior hypothalamic nuclei?

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei - production of oxytocin + ADH

preoptic nucleus - regulation of body temperature + blood pressure

suprachiasmatic nucleus - circadian rhythm + wake cycle + body temperature + blood pressure

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18
Q

names of nuclei and functions of intermediate hypothalamic nuclei?

A

tuberal nuclei + ventromedial/dorsomedial nuclei + nucleus arcuatus

functions: control secretion of adenohypophysis + regulation of food intake (appetite)

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19
Q

What do different commisural fibres of corpus callosum connect with?

A

rostrum: cortex –> frontal lobes (inferior surfaces)

genu: cortex –> frontal lobes (superolateral surfaces)

trunk: parietal cortex –> temporal cortex

splenium: occipital cortex –> occipital cortex

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20
Q

name the different parts of vertebral artery and what do they supply?

A
  1. prevertebral part
  2. cervical part: spinal branches + muscular branches
  3. atlantic part
  4. intracranial part: meningeal branches + inferior posterior cerebellar artery + posterior spinal arteries + anterior spinal artery + medial/lateral medullary branches
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21
Q

superior sagittal sinus - location and from where is blood received?

A

location: superior margin of falx cerebri

receives: cerebral veins + falx cerebri + diploic veins + emissary veins

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22
Q

inferior sagittal sinus - location and from where is blood received?

A

location: inferior margin of falx cerebri

receives: cerebral veins + falx cerebri

23
Q

from where does straight sinus receive blood from?

A

inferior sagittal sinus + great cerebral vein + posterior cerebral veins + superior cerebellar veins + falx cerebri

24
Q

confluence of sinuses - location and from where is blood received?

A

location: internal occipital protuberance

receives: superior sagittal sinus + straight sinus + occipital sinus

25
Q

transverse sinus - location and from where is blood received?

A

location: posterior/lateral parts of tentorium cerebelli

receives: confluence of sinuses + superior petrosal sinus + inferior cerebral vv. + cerebellar vv. + diploic vv. + emissary vv.

26
Q

sigmoid sinus - location and from where is blood received?

A

location: groove for sigmoid sinus

receives: transverse sinuses + cerebral vv. + cerebellar vv. + diploic vv. + emissary vv.

27
Q

cavernous sinus - location and from where is blood received?

A

location: lateral side of body sphenoid bone

receives: cerebral vv. + ophthalmic vv. + sphenoparietal sinuses + emissary veins from pterygoid plexus

28
Q

what can be seen from the superolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

frontal lobe - precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (orbital, triangular, opercular parts), precentral sulcus, superior/inferior frontal sulcus

parietal lobe - postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobulus inferior parietal lobulus (supramarginal + angular gyri), postcentral sulcus, intraparietal sulcus

occipital lobe - occipital gyrus

temporal lobe - superior temporal gyrus (transverse temporal gyri), middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, superior/inferior temporal sulcus

insular lobe - short/long gyri of insula

29
Q

function of archicerebellum/vestibulocerebellum?

A

oldest part

maintenance of balance + fine-tuning eye movement

30
Q

function of paleocerebellum/spinocerebellum?

A

muscle tone + posture

proprioception (current/change position of limb)

31
Q

function of neocerebellum/pontocerebellum?

A

newest part

coordination of more complex movements

32
Q

difference of middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles?

A

cerebral cortex –> middle cerebellar peduncle –> contralateral cerebellar cortex –> dentate nucleus

cerebral cortex –> inferior cerebellar peduncle –> cerebellar cortex

33
Q

afferent tracts of archicerebellum?

A

direct vestibulocerebellar tract

indirect vestibulocerebellar tract

34
Q

afferent tracts of spinocerebellum?

A

passive proprioception:
- posterior spinocerebellar tract
- cuneocerebellar tract
- bulbocerebellar tracts

active proprioception:
- anterior spinocerebellar tract
- spinoolivary tract - olivocerebellar tract
- nucleocerebellar tract

35
Q

afferent tracts of neocerebellum?

A

corticopontine + pontocerebellar tract

corticoolivary + olivocerebellar tract

corticoreticular + reticulocerebellar tract

36
Q

efferent tracts of paleocerebellum?

A

fastigial nuclei:
- cerebellovestibular tract
- cerebelloreticular tract

emboliform and globose nuclei:
- cerebellorubral tract

dentate nuclei:
- cerebellothalamic tract

37
Q

which fissure divides anterior lobe with posterior lobe?

which fissure divides posterior lobe?

A

primary fissure

horizontal fissure

38
Q

what does anterior cerebral artery supply?

A
  • inferior surface of frontal lobe
  • medial surface of frontal/parietal lobes
  • small part of superolateral surface around superomedial margin of frontal/parietal lobes
  • thalamus, BG
39
Q

what does middle cerebral artery supply?

A
  • insula, internal capsule, BG
  • superolateral surface of frontal/parietal/temporal lobes
  • inferior surface of frontal/temporal lobes (uncus gyri hippocampi)
40
Q

what does posterior cerebral artery supply?

A
  • inferior/medial surfaces of occipital/temporal lobes
  • small caudal part of superolateral surface of occipital and temporal lobes
  • brain stem
41
Q

what innervates dura mater?

A

anterior cranial fossa:
V1- trigeminal nerve

middle cranial fossa:
V2/V3 - trigeminal nerve

posterior cranial fossa:
vagus nerve
cervical spinal nerves (C1-C2)

42
Q

what is the blood supply of dura mater?

A

anterior meningeal artery (cribriform plate)

middle meningeal arteries (foramen spinosum)

accessory meningeal arteries (foramen ovale)

posterior meningeal artery

meningeal branches of posterior cranial fossa (jugular foramen + foramen magnum)

43
Q

what forms lentiform nucleus?

A

putamen + globus pallidus

44
Q

difference of striatum and pallidum?

A

striatum = caudate nucleus + putamen

pallidum = medial + lateral globus pallidus

45
Q

relation of structures in horizontal section of brain - caudate nucleus + internal capsule + thalamus + lentiform nucleus + claustrum

A

https://www.google.com/search?q=horizontal+section+of+brain+claustrum+caudate+nucleus&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwivgLb43OmCAxX97LsIHT3OBhsQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=horizontal+section+of+brain+claustrum+caudate+nucleus&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJ1C2BljAIWDqI2gBcAB4AIABlQKIAdEUkgEGMjQuNC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=0nNnZa_PGf3Z7_UPvZyb2AE&bih=715&biw=1440#imgrc=xP2zKeiVSQHXQM

46
Q

pathway of CSF?

A

lateral ventricle –> interventricular foramen –> third ventricle –> cerebral aqueduct –> fourth ventricle –> central canal –> median/lateral apertures of fourth ventricle –> subarachnoid space –> venous system

47
Q

relations - lateral ventricle - anterior horn?

A

roof: corpus callosum
medial wall: septum pellucidum
lateral wall: head of caudate nucleus

48
Q

relations - lateral ventricle - central part?

A

roof: corpus callosum
floor: thalamus
medial wall: tela choroidea of lateral ventricle
lateral wall: body of caudate nucleus

49
Q

relations - lateral ventricle - inferior horn?

A

roof: corpus callosum
medial wall: hippocampus
inferior wall: collateral eminence

50
Q

relations - lateral ventricle - posterior horn?

A

roof: corpus callosum
medial wall: calcar avis
inferior wall: collateral eminence

51
Q

relations - 3rd ventricle?

A

roof: tela chroioidea of 3rd ventricle
floor: hypothalamus
lateral wall: thalamus + interventricular foramen

anterior wall: terminal plate, columns of fornix, anterior commissure

posterior wall: pineal + suprapineal recesses

52
Q

relations - 4th ventricle?

A

floor: rhomboid fossa
roof: cerebellar peduncles (superior,middle,inferior) + suprior/inferior medullary velum + cerebellum

53
Q

relations of cisterns:
1. basal cistern
2. cerebellomedullary cistern

A
  1. 3rd ventricle
  2. 4th ventricle

4th year (7 decks)

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