Anatomy - CN Flashcards
Nuclei - medulla oblongata?
Sensory: spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5) + vestibular nuclei (CN8) + nucleus of solitari tract (CN7,9,10)
PS: dorsal nucleus of vagal nerve (CN10) + inferior salivatory nucleus (CN9)
Motor: nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (CN12) + nucleus ambiguus (CN9,10,11)
Nuclei - pons?
Sensory: principal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5) + vestibular nuclei (CN8) + anterior/posterior cochlear nuclei (CN8)
PS: superior salivatory nucleus (CN7)
Motor: motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5) + nucleus of abducens nerve (CN9) + nucleus of facial nerve (CN7)
Nuclei - mesencephalon?
Sensory: mesenchepalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve (CN5)
PS: accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve (CN3) (Edinger-Westphal)
Motor: motor nucleus of oculomotor nerve (CN3) + motor nucleus of trochlear nerve (CN4)
Which CN arise from which sulci in medulla oblongata?
Sulcus anterolateralis: CN12
Sulcus posterolateralis: CN9,10,11
Which nuclei arise from which sulcus/part of pons?
Lateral part of pons: CN5
Sulcus bulbopontinus: CN6,7,8
Which nuclei arise from which parts of mesencephalon?
Fossa interpeduncularis - between crura cerebri:
CN3
Fossa interpeduncularis - below crura cerebri: CN4
With which tract is dopamine associated?
Substantia nigra –> Striatum (pallidum) = Nigrostriatal tract
Pupillary light reflex is associated with which nucleus?
PS: accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve (CN3) (Edinger-Westphal)
What are the relations of thalamus?
Under thalamus: brainstem
Above thalamus: fornix + cerebral hemispheres
Separates thalamus: hypothalamic sulcus
Anterior end: tubercle
posterior end: pulvinar
two thalami connected by: interthalamic adhesion
Lateral surface:
Superolateral to thalamus - caudate nucleus
Superior surface:
stria terminalis + thalamostriate vein
taenia thalami + stria medullaris thalami
lamina afixa
Medial surface:
3rd ventricle + interthalamic adhesion
hypothalamic sulcus
Connection of ventral anterior/lateral nucleus?
Precentral gyrus = motoric nucleus
Connection of ventral posterolateral/posteromedial nucleus?
postcentral gyrus = sensory nucleus
Connections of medial thalamic nuclei?
afferents: frontal lobe + cingulate gyrus
efferents: thalamic nuclei + hypothalamus + globus pallidus
Connections of dorsal thalamic nuclei?
afferents: other thalamic nuclei
efferents: parietal/temporal/occipital lobes
functions of lateral geniculate body of metathalamus?
visual centre - occipital cortex
functions of medial geniculate body of metathalamus?
auditory centre - transverse temporal gyri
connections of habenular nuclei of epithalamus?
afferent: olfactory impulses
efferent: salivatory nuclei + cranial nerve nuclei + reticular formation
functions of anterior hypothalamic nuclei?
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei - production of oxytocin + ADH
preoptic nucleus - regulation of body temperature + blood pressure
suprachiasmatic nucleus - circadian rhythm + wake cycle + body temperature + blood pressure
names of nuclei and functions of intermediate hypothalamic nuclei?
tuberal nuclei + ventromedial/dorsomedial nuclei + nucleus arcuatus
functions: control secretion of adenohypophysis + regulation of food intake (appetite)
What do different commisural fibres of corpus callosum connect with?
rostrum: cortex –> frontal lobes (inferior surfaces)
genu: cortex –> frontal lobes (superolateral surfaces)
trunk: parietal cortex –> temporal cortex
splenium: occipital cortex –> occipital cortex
name the different parts of vertebral artery and what do they supply?
- prevertebral part
- cervical part: spinal branches + muscular branches
- atlantic part
- intracranial part: meningeal branches + inferior posterior cerebellar artery + posterior spinal arteries + anterior spinal artery + medial/lateral medullary branches
superior sagittal sinus - location and from where is blood received?
location: superior margin of falx cerebri
receives: cerebral veins + falx cerebri + diploic veins + emissary veins
inferior sagittal sinus - location and from where is blood received?
location: inferior margin of falx cerebri
receives: cerebral veins + falx cerebri
from where does straight sinus receive blood from?
inferior sagittal sinus + great cerebral vein + posterior cerebral veins + superior cerebellar veins + falx cerebri
confluence of sinuses - location and from where is blood received?
location: internal occipital protuberance
receives: superior sagittal sinus + straight sinus + occipital sinus
transverse sinus - location and from where is blood received?
location: posterior/lateral parts of tentorium cerebelli
receives: confluence of sinuses + superior petrosal sinus + inferior cerebral vv. + cerebellar vv. + diploic vv. + emissary vv.
sigmoid sinus - location and from where is blood received?
location: groove for sigmoid sinus
receives: transverse sinuses + cerebral vv. + cerebellar vv. + diploic vv. + emissary vv.
cavernous sinus - location and from where is blood received?
location: lateral side of body sphenoid bone
receives: cerebral vv. + ophthalmic vv. + sphenoparietal sinuses + emissary veins from pterygoid plexus
what can be seen from the superolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere?
frontal lobe - precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (orbital, triangular, opercular parts), precentral sulcus, superior/inferior frontal sulcus
parietal lobe - postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobulus inferior parietal lobulus (supramarginal + angular gyri), postcentral sulcus, intraparietal sulcus
occipital lobe - occipital gyrus
temporal lobe - superior temporal gyrus (transverse temporal gyri), middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, superior/inferior temporal sulcus
insular lobe - short/long gyri of insula
function of archicerebellum/vestibulocerebellum?
oldest part
maintenance of balance + fine-tuning eye movement
function of paleocerebellum/spinocerebellum?
muscle tone + posture
proprioception (current/change position of limb)
function of neocerebellum/pontocerebellum?
newest part
coordination of more complex movements
difference of middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles?
cerebral cortex –> middle cerebellar peduncle –> contralateral cerebellar cortex –> dentate nucleus
cerebral cortex –> inferior cerebellar peduncle –> cerebellar cortex
afferent tracts of archicerebellum?
direct vestibulocerebellar tract
indirect vestibulocerebellar tract
afferent tracts of spinocerebellum?
passive proprioception:
- posterior spinocerebellar tract
- cuneocerebellar tract
- bulbocerebellar tracts
active proprioception:
- anterior spinocerebellar tract
- spinoolivary tract - olivocerebellar tract
- nucleocerebellar tract
afferent tracts of neocerebellum?
corticopontine + pontocerebellar tract
corticoolivary + olivocerebellar tract
corticoreticular + reticulocerebellar tract
efferent tracts of paleocerebellum?
fastigial nuclei:
- cerebellovestibular tract
- cerebelloreticular tract
emboliform and globose nuclei:
- cerebellorubral tract
dentate nuclei:
- cerebellothalamic tract
which fissure divides anterior lobe with posterior lobe?
which fissure divides posterior lobe?
primary fissure
horizontal fissure
what does anterior cerebral artery supply?
- inferior surface of frontal lobe
- medial surface of frontal/parietal lobes
- small part of superolateral surface around superomedial margin of frontal/parietal lobes
- thalamus, BG
what does middle cerebral artery supply?
- insula, internal capsule, BG
- superolateral surface of frontal/parietal/temporal lobes
- inferior surface of frontal/temporal lobes (uncus gyri hippocampi)
what does posterior cerebral artery supply?
- inferior/medial surfaces of occipital/temporal lobes
- small caudal part of superolateral surface of occipital and temporal lobes
- brain stem
what innervates dura mater?
anterior cranial fossa:
V1- trigeminal nerve
middle cranial fossa:
V2/V3 - trigeminal nerve
posterior cranial fossa:
vagus nerve
cervical spinal nerves (C1-C2)
what is the blood supply of dura mater?
anterior meningeal artery (cribriform plate)
middle meningeal arteries (foramen spinosum)
accessory meningeal arteries (foramen ovale)
posterior meningeal artery
meningeal branches of posterior cranial fossa (jugular foramen + foramen magnum)
what forms lentiform nucleus?
putamen + globus pallidus
difference of striatum and pallidum?
striatum = caudate nucleus + putamen
pallidum = medial + lateral globus pallidus
relation of structures in horizontal section of brain - caudate nucleus + internal capsule + thalamus + lentiform nucleus + claustrum
https://www.google.com/search?q=horizontal+section+of+brain+claustrum+caudate+nucleus&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwivgLb43OmCAxX97LsIHT3OBhsQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=horizontal+section+of+brain+claustrum+caudate+nucleus&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJ1C2BljAIWDqI2gBcAB4AIABlQKIAdEUkgEGMjQuNC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=0nNnZa_PGf3Z7_UPvZyb2AE&bih=715&biw=1440#imgrc=xP2zKeiVSQHXQM
pathway of CSF?
lateral ventricle –> interventricular foramen –> third ventricle –> cerebral aqueduct –> fourth ventricle –> central canal –> median/lateral apertures of fourth ventricle –> subarachnoid space –> venous system
relations - lateral ventricle - anterior horn?
roof: corpus callosum
medial wall: septum pellucidum
lateral wall: head of caudate nucleus
relations - lateral ventricle - central part?
roof: corpus callosum
floor: thalamus
medial wall: tela choroidea of lateral ventricle
lateral wall: body of caudate nucleus
relations - lateral ventricle - inferior horn?
roof: corpus callosum
medial wall: hippocampus
inferior wall: collateral eminence
relations - lateral ventricle - posterior horn?
roof: corpus callosum
medial wall: calcar avis
inferior wall: collateral eminence
relations - 3rd ventricle?
roof: tela chroioidea of 3rd ventricle
floor: hypothalamus
lateral wall: thalamus + interventricular foramen
anterior wall: terminal plate, columns of fornix, anterior commissure
posterior wall: pineal + suprapineal recesses
relations - 4th ventricle?
floor: rhomboid fossa
roof: cerebellar peduncles (superior,middle,inferior) + suprior/inferior medullary velum + cerebellum
relations of cisterns:
1. basal cistern
2. cerebellomedullary cistern
- 3rd ventricle
- 4th ventricle
