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Y1 - Cardiovascular > Anatomy: Clinically Relevant Anatomy of the Heart > Flashcards

Anatomy: Clinically Relevant Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

MUST review PPT as well

1
Q

Describe the positioning of the phrenic nerve in the thoracic cavity

A

Anterior to the hilum of the lung

Phrenic = infront

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2
Q

Describe the positioning of the vagus nerve in the thoracic cavity

A

Posterior to the hilum of the lung

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3
Q

Describe the layers of the pericardium going from the outside in to the heart

A 
Fibrous pericardium
-->
parietal serous pericardium
-->
pericardial cavity
-->
visceral pericardium (endocardium)
-->
 heart
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4
Q

Describe the fibrous pericardium

A

Fibrous, tough outer layer of the pericardium

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5
Q

Describe the serous pericardium

A

Is very thin

It has 2 sections:-

Parietal serous pericardium:
- innerling of the fibrous pericardium

Visceral serous pericardium:
- Outer lining of the heart

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6
Q

Define a haemocardium

A

The pericardial cavity fills with fluid

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7
Q

Define cardiac tamponade

A

When pressure from abnormal fluid in the pericardial cavity disrupts heart contraction

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8
Q

Describe a pericardiocentesis

A
  • Fluid from the pericardial cavity is drained

- Needle is inserted via the left infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly

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9
Q

Describe the transverse pericardial sinus

A
  • In the posterosuperior pericardial cavity

- Posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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10
Q

Describe how the great vessels meet the pericardium

A

The most proximal parts are enclosed within the pericardium, but then the pericardium merges with the tunica adventitia of the vessels

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11
Q

Name 3 surfaces of the heart

A
  • anterior (sternocostal) surface
  • base (posterior) surface
  • inferior (diaphragmatic) surface
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12
Q

Name 4 borders of the heart

A
  • right (lateral) border
  • left (lateral) border
  • Inferior border
  • Superior border
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13
Q

Where is the apex of the heart usually, with reference to the surface anatomy?

A

5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line

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14
Q

What conditions can change the location of the heart apex

A

Cardiomegaly

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15
Q

Name the bifurcations of the aorta in order of appearance

A

1) Right and left coronary arteries
2) brachiocephalic trunk
3) Left COMMON carotid artery
4) right subclavian artery

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16
Q

What are the right and left auricles of the heart?

A

Extensions of the right and left atria

17
Q

What is indicated by the coronary groove?

A
  • Placement of the right carotid artery
  • Tricuspid valve
  • right atrioventricular boundry
18
Q

What is indicated by the anterior interventricular groove?

A
  • Left anterior descending artery

- left atrioventricular boundry

19
Q

What is indicated by the interatrial groove?

A

The boundary between the 2 atria

Visible on the posterior surface

20
Q

What is indicated by the posterior interventricular groove?

A
  • posterior interventricular artery

- boundary between the 2 ventricles on the diaphragmatic surface

21
Q

Name the branches of the right coronary artery

A
  • right marginal artery

- posterior interventricular artery

22
Q

Name the branches of the left coronary artery

A
  • circumflex artery
  • left anterior descending artery
  • left marginal artery
  • lateral (diagonal) branch
23
Q

Describe the coronary sinus

A
  • Short venous conduit in the atrioventricular groove posteriorly
  • receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins
  • drains into the right atrium
24
Q

Name the 2 regions of the cardiac septum, and give their locations

A
  • Interatrial septum (in the interatrial groove)

- Interventricular septum (in the anterior interventricular groove)

25
Q

Describe the danger of a septal defect

A
  • Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood can mix
  • Decreased PaO2
  • Causes hypoxaemia
26
Q

Describe the crista terminalis

A

The border between the right atrium and its auricle

27
Q

List the venous openings in the right atrium

A
  • Inferior vena cava
  • superior vena cava
  • coronary sinus
28
Q

Describe the inner wall of the right atrial auricle

A

Not smooth, has muscular bands

29
Q

Name the 2 semilunar valves

A
  • Aortic valve

- Pulmonary valve

30
Q

Name the 2 atrioventricular valves

A
  • Tricuspid (3 cusps)
  • Bicuspid/mitral (2 cusps)

*(tri before you bi)

31
Q

Describe the AV valves

A

Have leaflets attached to tendinous chords

These chords are attached to papillary muscles on the chamber wall

32
Q

Describe the semilunar valves

A

Have 3 cusps

Backpressure causes the cusps to fill with blood and thus closes the valves

Y1 - Cardiovascular (19 decks)

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