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Anatomy exam 3 > Anatomy chapter 16 quiz > Flashcards

Anatomy chapter 16 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Conscious awareness of incoming sensory information is called

sensation.

receptor.

a stimulus.

adaptation.

transducer.

A

sensation.

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2
Q

The type of receptor that readily adapts to a stimulus is known as a ________ receptor.

phasic

tonic

transducer

multimodal

A

phasic

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3
Q

Which statement accurately describes the merits of different receptive field properties?

Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, but because more receptors are needed it increases overall energy costs.

Having large receptive fields allows for more precision, but because the area of responsiveness is larger, it increases the body’s energy costs.

Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, smaller body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall.

Having large receptive fields allows for more precision, larger body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall.

A

Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, but because more receptors are needed it increases overall energy costs.

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4
Q

The entire area through which the sensitive ends of the receptor cells are distributed is the

sensory field.

receptive field.

stimulus area.

adaptative radius.

transducer field.

A

receptive field.

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5
Q

A reduction in sensitivity to a continually applied stimulus is called

sensation.

tonicity.

conscious awareness.

adaptation.

transduction.

A

adaptation.

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6
Q

The classification of a receptor as a photoreceptor or a mechanoreceptor depends on

the location of origin of the stimulus it perceives.

the modality of the stimulus it perceives.

its location in the body.

whether it is a somatic or visceral receptor.

A

the modality of the stimulus it perceives.

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7
Q

These receptors detect specific molecules in our external and internal environments.

Chemoreceptors

Thermoreceptors

Photoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

Baroreceptors

A

Chemoreceptors

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8
Q

Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from internal organs?

Interoceptors

Exteroceptors

Proprioceptors

Nociceptors

Thermoreceptors

A

Interoceptors

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9
Q

These receptors detect changes in the color, intensity, and movement of light.

Chemoreceptors

Thermoreceptors

Photoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

Baroreceptors

A

Photoreceptors

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10
Q

These receptors detect changes in pressure within the body caused by the stretch or distention of internal structures.

Chemoreceptors

Thermoreceptors

Photoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

Baroreceptors

A

Baroreceptors

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11
Q

The most numerous type of receptor in the body is the

chemoreceptor.

tactile receptor.

thermoreceptor.

nociceptor.

photoreceptor.

A

tactile receptor.

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12
Q

The battery of your electric toothbrush is running down and so you feel a low-frequency vibration in your oral cavity. Which receptors detect this stimulus?

Root hair plexus

Free nerve ending

Bulbous corpuscle

End bulbs

All of the choices are correct.

A

End bulbs

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13
Q

The receptors responsible for detecting deep pressure and high-frequency vibration are

Krause bulbs.

lamellated corpuscles.

arrector pili corpuscles.

Ruffini corpuscles.

tactile corpuscles.

A

lamellated corpuscles.

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14
Q

Phasic receptors for light touch and texture are

Krause bulbs.

lamellated corpuscles.

arrector pili corpuscles.

Ruffini corpuscles.

tactile corpuscles.

A

tactile corpuscles.

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15
Q

The papillae located mainly on the tip and sides of the tongue that contain only a few taste buds each are the _______ papillae.

papiform

filiform

fungiform

vallate

foliate

A

fungiform

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16
Q

Because numerous cutaneous and visceral sensory neurons conduct signals on _______ ascending tracts of the spinal cord, the brain sometimes falsely localizes the location of a pain stimulus.

the same

very different

A

the same

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17
Q

The least developed of the papilla types are the ______ papillae, which house only a few taste buds during infancy and early childhood.

papiform

filiform

fungiform

vallate

foliate

A

foliate

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18
Q

Gustatory cells within a taste bud are specialized neuroepithelial cells that have a _________ life span.

7–10 hour

7–10 day

7–10 week

7–10 month

7–10 year

A

7–10 day

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19
Q

Caffeine and unsweetened chocolate both taste bitter, as they are

alkaloids.

acids.

amino acids.

ions of heavy molecular weight.

carbohydrates.

A

alkaloids.

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20
Q

The route that the sensation of taste follows is
a: Primary axons pass along cranial nerves VII and IX.
b: Primary neurons synapse in the nucleus solitarius.
c: Secondary neurons synapse in the thalamus.
d: Tertiary neurons travel to the primary gustatory cortex.

a, b, c, d

b, c, a, d

a, d, b, c

d, c, b, a

c, d, a, b

A

a, b, c, d

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21
Q

Which is not a cell type found in the olfactory epithelium?

Olfactory receptor cell

Supporting cell

Basal cell

Fungiform cell

A

Fungiform cell

22
Q

Certain odors can initiate behavioral and emotional reactions because

the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the medulla oblongata.

there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system.

olfactory sensations are interpreted at the prefrontal cortex.

the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the occipital lobe.

the sense of olfaction occurs immediately at the olfactory epithelium.

A

there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system.

23
Q

Olfactory glomeruli are located in the

thalamus.

olfactory epithelium.

olfactory bulbs.

hypothalamus.

A

olfactory bulbs.

24
Q

What molecules help concentrate odorants at the olfactory receptor cells?

Sustentacularin

Odorant-binding proteins

Volatile molecules

G-proteins

Tastants

A

Odorant-binding proteins

25
Q

The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the _____ conjunctiva.

palpebral

retinal

ocular

epithelial

visceral

A

palpebral

26
Q

Eyelids serve two purposes: one is to protect the eye and the other is to

help distribute blood to the eye surface.

help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface.

help spread antiviral solution.

help to control the transmission of the nerve impulse to the retina.

prevent excess mucus from obscuring vision.

A

help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface.

26
Q

The eye measures about ________ in diameter.

2.5 mm

12.5 mm

2.5 cm

12.5 cm

22.5 cm

A

2.5 cm

26
Q

The fibrous tunic of the eye is composed of two parts. What are they?

The cornea and the sclera

The conjunctiva and the cornea

The conjunctiva and the sclera

The sclera and the retina

The sclera and the uvea

A

The cornea and the sclera

27
Q

The vascular tunic of the eye has three distinct regions. From anterior to posterior what are they?
a: Ciliary body
b: Choroid
c: Iris

a, b, c

b, a, c

c, a, b

c, b, a

b, c, a

A

c, a, b

28
Q

If you were to cut a cross section of the retina and examine it under a microscope, what would be the order of features from the choroid to the posterior cavity?
a: Rods and cones
b: Ganglionic axons progressing to the optic nerve
c: Bipolar cells
d: Ganglion cells’ bodies
e: Pigmented retina

a, b, c, d, e

e, a, c, d, b

c, a, e, d, b

d, e, a, b, c

e, d, c, b, a

A

e, a, c, d, b

29
Q

What part of the retina lacks photoreceptors?

Optic disc

Macula lutea

Fovea centralis

Posterior retina

All of the choices are correct.

A

Optic disc

30
Q

Where is the greatest concentration of cones located?

In the optic disc

In the ora serrata

In the fovea centralis

In the posterior retina

In the optic nerve

A

In the fovea centralis

30
Q

The lens of the eye flattens when

ciliary muscles contract.

ciliary muscles relax.

extrinsic eye muscles contract.

extrinsic eye muscles relax.

intrinsic muscles of the iris contract.

A

ciliary muscles relax.

31
Q

A flattened lens

is necessary for near vision.

is necessary for distant vision.

is necessary for both near and far vision.

functions only with color vision.

reflects light rays.

A

is necessary for distant vision.

32
Q

The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the

lacrimal secretion.

mucoid body.

vitreous humor.

hyaloid mass.

scleroid humor.

A

vitreous humor.

33
Q

Which photoreceptor cells function in dim light?

Rods

Cones

A

Rods

34
Q

Sharp, color vision is a result of the function of

rods.

cones.

A

cones.

35
Q

Phototransduction is the process in which

retinal ganglion cells signal changes in the color of light.

bipolar cells signal the presence of contrast in a visual scene.

photoreceptors convert light energy to changes in membrane potential.

primary visual cortex recognizes and identifies a stimulus.

A

photoreceptors convert light energy to changes in membrane potential.

35
Q

The “dark current” of photoreceptors refers to

the exit of Na+ and Ca2+ out of the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

the entry of Na+ and Ca2+ into the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

the entry of K+ into the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

the exit of K+ out of the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

A

the entry of Na+ and Ca2+ into the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

36
Q

When light strikes a photoreceptor it

deporlarizes and releases more neurotransmitter.

depolarizes and releases less neurotransmitter.

hyperpolarizes and releases more neurotransmitter.

hyperpolarizes and releases less neurotransmitter.

A

hyperpolarizes and releases less neurotransmitter.

37
Q

Most axons within the optic tract terminate in the

temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.

lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

A

lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

38
Q

At the optic chiasm

all axons from each optic nerve cross to the opposite side of the brain.

none of the axons actually cross to the opposite side of the brain.

ganglion cell axons from the medial region of each retina cross to the opposite side of the brain.

ganglion cell axons from the lateral region of each retina cross to the opposite side of the brain.

A

ganglion cell axons from the medial region of each retina cross to the opposite side of the brain.

39
Q

What is the function of the auditory tube?

To transmit sound waves to the inner ear

To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

To prevent the invasion of microorganisms into the inner ear

To provide a passageway for fluid from the middle to the inner ear

To provide an airway between the middle and inner ear

A

To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

40
Q

Where is the saccule located?

Within the middle ear

Lateral to the auditory ossicles

Within the cochlea

Within the vestibule

In the auditory tube

A

Within the vestibule

41
Q

The function of the ossicles is to

detect acceleration of the head.

amplify sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear.

determine static head position.

support the tympanic membrane and protect hair cells of the inner ear.

initiate action potentials that propagate to the inner ear.

A

amplify sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear.

42
Q

The part of the cochlea that converts pressure waves (from sounds) into changes in membrane potentials is the

modiolus.

scala tympani.

spiral organ.

scala vestibuli.

helicotrema.

A

spiral organ.

43
Q

The _______ of a sound stimulus is interpreted as its pitch and measured in hertz, whereas its _______ is the amplitude of the sound waves and is measured in decibels.

frequency, timbre

frequency, loudness

timbre, loudness

loudness, frequency

A

frequency, loudness

44
Q

After causing vibrations of the maleus, sound waves pass (in sequence) through the

stapes, round window, scala externa perilymph, scala media endolymph, and oval window.

incus, stapes, oval window, scala vestibuli perilymph, and cochlear duct endolymph.

oval window, scala tympani perilymph, scala vestibuli endolymph, and spiral organ.

incus, stapes, oval window, scala tympani endolymph, scala vestibuli, and helicotrema.

stapes, incus, round window, scala media perilymph, and scala vestibuli endolymph.

A

incus, stapes, oval window, scala vestibuli perilymph, and cochlear duct endolymph.

44
Q

What inner ear structure detects acceleration and deceleration movements of the head?

Tensor tympani and stapedius

Spiral organ

Maculae

Ossicles

Scala vestibule

A

Maculae

45
Q

The otolithic membrane is part of the

maculae of the inner ear.

tympanic cavity of the middle ear.

semicircular canals of the inner ear.

cochlea of the inner ear.

A

maculae of the inner ear.

Anatomy exam 3 (4 decks)

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