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Anatomy exam 3 > Anatomy chapter 14 & 15 quiz > Flashcards

Anatomy chapter 14 & 15 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

A typical spinal cord in an adult is

24–26 inches long.

12–14 inches long.

8–10 inches long.

16–18 inches long.

20–24 inches long.

A

16–18 inches long.

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2
Q

What is the thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

Conus medullaris

Cervical enlargement

Terminus coccyx

Filum terminale

Coccygeal tendon

A

Filum terminale

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3
Q

Each side of the spinal cord gives rise to _____ cervical nerves.

two

six

seven

eight

twelve

A

eight

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4
Q

Which space associated with the spinal cord meninges contains areolar connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose connective tissue?

Subarachnoid space

Epidural space

Central canal

Subdural space

Epiarachnoid space

A

Epidural space

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5
Q

The most delicate of the meninges consists of elastic and collagen fibers and is known as the

pia mater.

dura mater.

falx cerebri.

arachnoid mater.

A

pia mater.

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6
Q

This structure contains unmyelinated axons and serves as a communication route between the right and left sides of the gray matter in the spinal cord.

Gray commissure

White commissure

Lateral commissure

Posterior commissure

Denticulate ligaments

A

Gray commissure

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7
Q

These nuclei are located in the lateral horns and innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Sensory nuclei

Autonomic motor nuclei

Visceral sensory nuclei

Somatic sensory nuclei

Somatic motor nuclei

A

Autonomic motor nuclei

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8
Q

Which of the following accurately compares sections of spinal white matter?

A fasciculus is smaller than a funiculus.

A fasciculus is larger than a funiculus.

A fasciculus is smaller than a tract.

A fasciculus is larger than a tract.

A

A fasciculus is smaller than a funiculus.

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9
Q

Because most pathways decussate, each side of the brain processes information from the _________ side of the body.

contralateral

ipsilateral

A

contralateral

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10
Q

Information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and muscles is conveyed by

somatomotor pathways.

visceromotor pathways.

somatosensory pathways.

viscerosensory pathways.

A

somatosensory pathways.

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11
Q

The medial lemniscus is

gray matter in the spinal cord that processes information about proprioception and touch.

gray matter in the spinal cord that processes information about pain and temperature.

white matter in the brainstem that conducts information about proprioception and touch.

white matter in the brainstem that conducts information about pain and temperature.

A

white matter in the brainstem that conducts information about proprioception and touch.

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12
Q

The anterior spinocerebellar tract conducts signals about

pain from the upper limbs.

pain from the lower limbs.

proprioception from the upper limbs.

proprioception from the lower limbs.

A

proprioception from the lower limbs

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13
Q

The direct motor pathway originates in the

motor cortex of the cerebral cortex.

superior colliculus of the midbrain.

vestibular nuclei of the brainstem.

reticular formation of the brainstem.

A

motor cortex of the cerebral cortex.

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14
Q

Motor pathways are _________ tracts that control _________.

ascending, affectors

ascending, effectors

descending, affectors

descending, effectors

A

descending, effectors

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15
Q

A posterior root contains

sensory axons only.

motor axons only.

a mix of sensory and motor axons.

autonomic nervous system axons.

A

sensory axons only.

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16
Q

The second thoracic spinal nerve exits the spinal column through the

vertebral canal of vertebrae T1, T2, and T3.

sacral hiatus.

intervertebral foramen between vertebrae T2 and T3.

intervertebral foramen between vertebrae T1 and T2.

A

intervertebral foramen between vertebrae T2 and T3.

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17
Q

The plexuses that lie on either side of the neck are the _____ plexuses.

cervical

branchial

lumbar

radial

mandibular

A

cervical

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17
Q

The anterior ramus of a typical spinal nerve innervates the

deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back.

major thoracic and abdominal organs.

abdominal wall.

anterior and lateral trunk and the limbs.

special senses.

A

anterior and lateral trunk and the limbs.

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18
Q

The plexus that supplies the upper limbs is the _________ plexus.

cervical

brachial

bronchiole

lumbar

sciatic

A

brachial

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19
Q

Following an injury to his arm, a patient complains that he has lost the ability to flex his elbow and supinate his forearm. Which nerve do you suspect he has damaged?

Median nerve

Radial nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

Ulnar nerve

Axillary nerve

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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20
Q

A reflex arc in which both the receptor and the effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord is

monosynaptic.

polysynaptic.

ipsilateral.

contralateral.

None of the choices is correct.

A

ipsilateral.

20
Q

The largest and longest nerve in the body is the _________ nerve.

femoral

radial

sciatic

obturator

saphenous

A

sciatic

21
Q

For many reflexes, including the stretch reflex, the excitation of a muscle leads to

excitation of all motorneurons that are contralateral.

inhibition of motor neurons of its antagonist.

inhibition of motor neurons of its synergist.

excitation of motor neurons of the antagonist.

inhibition of sensory neurons that initiate the reflex.

A

inhibition of motor neurons of its antagonist.

22
Q

The embryonic feature that gives rise to the anterior and lateral horns of gray matter is the _____ plate.

basal

alar

ulnar

anterior

posterior

A

basal

23
Q

Motor impulses destined for skeletal muscle will leave the spinal cord through the _______ before passing through a spinal nerve.

posterior horn

anterior root

central canal

posterior root ganglion

A

anterior root

24
Q

We lack awareness of many of our bodies’ systems for maintaining homeostasis. The sensations, movements, and secretions of organs such as the heart and intestines are governed by the

autonomic nervous system.

somatic nervous system.

A

autonomic nervous system.

24
Q

In an autonomic motor pathway, the first cell in the two-neuron chain is the ______ neuron.

preganglionic

postganglionic

posterior

terminal

primary

A

preganglionic

25
Q

Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system

always excite effector organs.

always inhibit effector organs.

can either excite or inhibit effector organs.

do not excite effector organs but monitor their status of activity.

A

can either excite or inhibit effector organs.

26
Q

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle.

contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons.

are voluntary.

are composed of PNS structures only.

function only during sleep.

A

contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons.

27
Q

The circuitry of the autonomic system allows for control in activation. The characteristic that allows a small number of preganglionic cells to stimulate a large number of postganglionic cells is

convergence.

reverberation.

divergence.

reciprocal innervation.

A

divergence.

28
Q

The “fight-or-flight” system is the __________ nervous system.

parasympathetic

somatic

sympathetic

A

sympathetic

29
Q

Which system contains short preganglionic axons that branch extensively?

Parasympathetic nervous system

Somatic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Sympathetic nervous system

30
Q

Which is not characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Long postganglionic axons

Long preganglionic axons

No rami communicantes

Terminal ganglia close to the target organ

Craniosacral preganglionic neuron cell bodies

A

Long postganglionic axons

31
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the

parotid salivary gland.

large intestine.

lacrimal gland.

sublingual salivary gland.

ciliary muscle.

A

parotid salivary gland.

31
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
a: III
b: IV
c: V
d: VII
e: IX
f: X
g: XII

a, d, e, f

b, c, d, e

a, c, d, g

c, d, f, g

b, e, f, g

A

a, d, e, f

32
Q

Activation of parasympathetic fibers in pelvic splanchnic nerves leads to

inhibition of urinary bladder contractions.

erection of the male penis and female clitoris.

decreased secretions in the digestive tract.

an increase in the heart rate.

decreased secretion of adrenaline from the adrenal glands.

A

erection of the male penis and female clitoris.

33
Q

The cranial nerve that supplies parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organs is

CN II.

CN III.

CN VI.

CN IX.

CN X.

A

CN X.

34
Q

The sympathetic trunks are located

superior to the brachial plexus.

inferior to the sacral plexus.

immediately lateral to the vertebral column.

lateral to prevertebral ganglia.

in the craniosacral regions.

A

immediately lateral to the vertebral column.

35
Q

Which sympathetic pathway involves only a preganglionic axon going to the effector organ?

Splanchnic nerve pathway

Adrenal medulla pathway

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

Spinal nerve pathway

None of the choices is correct.

A

Adrenal medulla pathway

35
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the

white rami communicantes.

superior cervical ganglion.

gray rami communicantes.

splanchnic nerves.

pterygopalatine ganglion.

A

gray rami communicantes.

36
Q

Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the

effector organ stimulated by the postganglionic axon.

major abdominal arteries around which they are found.

vertebra from under which the preganglionic axon travels.

distance from the corresponding parasympathetic ganglion.

early anatomist who discovered and described them.

A

major abdominal arteries around which they are found.

37
Q

There are ________ prevertebral ganglia.

2

3

4

5

12

A

3

38
Q

Which sympathetic pathway is responsible for activating the esophagus, heart, lungs, and thoracic blood vessels?

Splanchnic nerve pathway

Adrenal medulla pathway

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

Spinal nerve pathway

None of the choices is correct.

A

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

39
Q

Which autonomic plexus innervates viscera within the pelvic region?

Esophageal plexus

Pulmonary plexus

Abdominal aortic plexus

Hypogastric plexus

Cardiac plexus

A

Hypogastric plexus

40
Q

When neurotransmitter binds to muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract,

motility increases.

motility decreases.

A

motility increases.

41
Q

The type of adrenergic receptor found on the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels in the skin is

α1

α2

β1

β2

A

α1

42
Q

In the heart, activation of these receptors increases heart rate.

α1

α2

β1

β2

A

β1

43
Q

Which type of innervation causes the heart rate to increase?

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

A

Sympathetic

44
Q

The centers for cardiac, digestive, and vasomotor functions are housed within the

brainstem.

hypothalamus.

spinal cord.

cerebral cortex.

cerebellum.

A

brainstem.

45
Q

The diameter of many blood vessels is controlled exclusively by the ________ nervous system, and decreases in the activity of this system result in _________.

parasympathetic, vasoconstriction

parasympathetic, vasodilation

somatic, vasoconstriction.

sympathetic, vasoconstriction.

sympathetic, vasodilation.

A

sympathetic, vasodilation.

Anatomy exam 3 (4 decks)

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