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Anatomy > Anatomy Ch. 6 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Anatomy Ch. 6 Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Organs are structures made of…?

A

two or more different tissue types

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2
Q

Largest organ of the body by weight

A

Skin

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3
Q

Accessory structures of the skin

A

hair, nails, glands, sensory receptors

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4
Q

Skin has how many layers

A

2, epidermis and dermis

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5
Q

Epidermis

A

Thin, outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Dermis

A

thicker, inner layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscle, nervous tissue

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7
Q

What does the basement membrane do in the integumentary system

A

separates epidermis and dermis and anchors layers together

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8
Q

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

A

Under dermis, binds skin to underlying tissues, is not skin, contains major blood vessels

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9
Q

name the muscle connected to the hair follicle in the dermis

A

Arrector Pili Muscle

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10
Q

Characteristics of the Epidermis

A

Stratified Squamous, lacks blood vessels, consists of 4 layers & 5 in thick skin

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11
Q

Stratum Basale

A

deepest layer, has dividing cells, dermal blood vessels

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12
Q

As Basal Cells divide what cells migrate to the skin surface

A

Keratinocytes

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13
Q

As Keratinocytes migrate outward, they harden, dehydrate, and die in a process called what?

A

Keratinization

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14
Q

What cells make up hair follicles

A

Epidermal cells

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15
Q

B S G C or B S G L C

A

Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

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16
Q

Melanocytes produce what pigment

A

Melanin

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17
Q

What does melanin do

A

protects cell nuclei from UV, provides skin & hair color

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18
Q

Melanin is transferred from melanocytes in what process

A

cytocrine secretions

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19
Q

two types of melanin

A

Eumelanin (brownish-black), Pheomelanin (reddish-yellow)

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20
Q

Do all people have same number of melanocytes

A

yes

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21
Q

Is skin color genetically determined

A

yes

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22
Q

Skin color results from a combination of…?

A

genetic, environmental, and physiological factors

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23
Q

When melanin is exposed to the sun or UV what happens

A

Skin darkens as more melanin is produced

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24
Q

Well-oxygenated blood has a pinkish color due to…?

A

Hemoglobin

25
Q

What is it called when poorly oxygenated blood looks blue…?

A

cynosis

26
Q

Who is most likely to get Skin Cancer?

A

Light skin, regularly exposed to sunlight for a long time, over forty

27
Q

How many get Skin Cancer

A

1 in 5

28
Q

What binds the epidermis to underlying tissue

A

the dermis

29
Q

Why is the border between the dermis and epidermis uneven

A

Epidermal Ridges and Dermal papillae

30
Q

Fingerprints are genetically determined patterns of…?

A

friction ridges formed by dermal papillae

31
Q

Name the cells that go with… Melanomas

A

mellanocytes

32
Q

Name two types of Cutaneous Carcinomas

A

Squamous cell Carcinomas and Basal cell carcinoma

33
Q

Melanocarcinomas or Malignant melanomas are what?

A

Cutaneous melanomas

34
Q

What do nails have

A

nail plate and nail bed

35
Q

What is the half-moon shaped structure at the base of the nail plate?

A

Lunula

36
Q

Keratin in nails is what compared to skin

A

harder

37
Q

Describe a pressure ulcer

A

when blood supply gets blocked from pressure cells die in necrosis and tissues break down causing the ulcer

38
Q

Where do pressure ulcers mostly form?

A

boney areas, hip, heel, elbow, or shoulder

39
Q

How do you prevent pressure ulcers

A

Frequently change body position or massage skin for blood flow

40
Q

Where can hair be found

A

nearly everywhere except the palms, soles, lips, nipples, and certain external genitalia

41
Q

Where does a hair develope

A

at the base of a tube-like depression called the hair follicle

42
Q

The deepest part of the hair root is called?

A

Hair bulb

43
Q

Where is a hair bulb located?

A

base of the hair follicle

44
Q

What forms the hair shaft?

A

when new cells form in the bulb, old cells get pushed out and become keratinized

45
Q

Hair is composed of…?

A

Dead keratinized epithelial cells

46
Q

What happens when you have a genetic lack of melanin?

A

Albinism

47
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine and apocrine

48
Q

Name the 2 modified sweat glands

A

Ceruminous (ear wax), mammary gland (milk)

49
Q

Functions of skin

A

waterproof, excretes waste, protection, helps make Vitamin D, body temp regulation through vasodilation and vasoconstriction

50
Q

Proper temp regulation is vital to maintaining what?

A

optimal metabolic reaction rates

51
Q

What controls the temp regulation in the skin (comes from brain)

A

Hypothalamus

52
Q

Response to hyperthermia

A

vasodilation, sweat glands activated

53
Q

Response to hypothermia

A

vasoconstriction, inactivation of sweat glands, shivering

54
Q

What happens when you get a cut and it becomes inflamed?

A

it becomes red and swollen, vasodilate, heat and pain

55
Q

explain the order of healing in a deeper wound

A

blood clot, forms a scab, Fibroblasts brings edges of cut together with collagen fibers, Phagocytic cells remove dead cells, scar

56
Q

Extensive collagen fiber production in the area may form an elevated area called a…?

A

scar

57
Q

Large wounds will scar and may be accompanied by…?

A

Granulations

58
Q

Describe granulations

A

new branch of blood vessels grows into area of large wound, vessels have fibroblasts with collagen fibers, leave scars of collagen fibers

59
Q

In one square inch of skin, you have what?

A

650 sweat glands, 20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes, 1,000 nerve endings

Anatomy (5 decks)

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