Anatomy Ch. 6 Integumentary System

Question 1

Organs are structures made of…?

Answer 1

two or more different tissue types

Question 2

Largest organ of the body by weight

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

Accessory structures of the skin

Answer 3

hair, nails, glands, sensory receptors

Question 4

Skin has how many layers

Answer 4

2, epidermis and dermis

Question 5

Epidermis

Answer 5

Thin, outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

Dermis

Answer 6

thicker, inner layer of connective tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscle, nervous tissue

Question 7

What does the basement membrane do in the integumentary system

Answer 7

separates epidermis and dermis and anchors layers together

Question 8

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Answer 8

Under dermis, binds skin to underlying tissues, is not skin, contains major blood vessels

Question 9

name the muscle connected to the hair follicle in the dermis

Answer 9

Arrector Pili Muscle

Question 10

Characteristics of the Epidermis

Answer 10

Stratified Squamous, lacks blood vessels, consists of 4 layers & 5 in thick skin

Question 11

Stratum Basale

Answer 11

deepest layer, has dividing cells, dermal blood vessels

Question 12

As Basal Cells divide what cells migrate to the skin surface

Answer 12

Keratinocytes

Question 13

As Keratinocytes migrate outward, they harden, dehydrate, and die in a process called what?

Answer 13

Keratinization

Question 14

What cells make up hair follicles

Answer 14

Epidermal cells

Question 15

B S G C or B S G L C

Answer 15

Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

Question 16

Melanocytes produce what pigment

Answer 16

Melanin

Question 17

What does melanin do

Answer 17

protects cell nuclei from UV, provides skin & hair color

Question 18

Melanin is transferred from melanocytes in what process

Answer 18

cytocrine secretions

Question 19

two types of melanin

Answer 19

Eumelanin (brownish-black), Pheomelanin (reddish-yellow)

Question 20

Do all people have same number of melanocytes

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

Is skin color genetically determined

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

Skin color results from a combination of…?

Answer 22

genetic, environmental, and physiological factors

Question 23

When melanin is exposed to the sun or UV what happens

Answer 23

Skin darkens as more melanin is produced

Question 24

Well-oxygenated blood has a pinkish color due to…?

Answer 24

Hemoglobin

Question 25

What is it called when poorly oxygenated blood looks blue...?

Answer 25

cynosis

Question 26

Who is most likely to get Skin Cancer?

Answer 26

Light skin, regularly exposed to sunlight for a long time, over forty

Question 27

How many get Skin Cancer

Answer 27

1 in 5

Question 28

What binds the epidermis to underlying tissue

Answer 28

the dermis

Question 29

Why is the border between the dermis and epidermis uneven

Answer 29

Epidermal Ridges and Dermal papillae

Question 30

Fingerprints are genetically determined patterns of...?

Answer 30

friction ridges formed by dermal papillae

Question 31

Name the cells that go with... Melanomas

Answer 31

mellanocytes

Question 32

Name two types of Cutaneous Carcinomas

Answer 32

Squamous cell Carcinomas and Basal cell carcinoma

Question 33

Melanocarcinomas or Malignant melanomas are what?

Answer 33

Cutaneous melanomas

Question 34

What do nails have

Answer 34

nail plate and nail bed

Question 35

What is the half-moon shaped structure at the base of the nail plate?

Answer 35

Lunula

Question 36

Keratin in nails is what compared to skin

Answer 36

harder

Question 37

Describe a pressure ulcer

Answer 37

when blood supply gets blocked from pressure cells die in necrosis and tissues break down causing the ulcer

Question 38

Where do pressure ulcers mostly form?

Answer 38

boney areas, hip, heel, elbow, or shoulder

Question 39

How do you prevent pressure ulcers

Answer 39

Frequently change body position or massage skin for blood flow

Question 40

Where can hair be found

Answer 40

nearly everywhere except the palms, soles, lips, nipples, and certain external genitalia

Question 41

Where does a hair develope

Answer 41

at the base of a tube-like depression called the hair follicle

Question 42

The deepest part of the hair root is called?

Answer 42

Hair bulb

Question 43

Where is a hair bulb located?

Answer 43

base of the hair follicle

Question 44

What forms the hair shaft?

Answer 44

when new cells form in the bulb, old cells get pushed out and become keratinized

Question 45

Hair is composed of...?

Answer 45

Dead keratinized epithelial cells

Question 46

What happens when you have a genetic lack of melanin?

Answer 46

Albinism

Question 47

2 types of sweat glands

Answer 47

Eccrine and apocrine

Question 48

Name the 2 modified sweat glands

Answer 48

Ceruminous (ear wax), mammary gland (milk)

Question 49

Functions of skin

Answer 49

waterproof, excretes waste, protection, helps make Vitamin D, body temp regulation through vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 50

Proper temp regulation is vital to maintaining what?

Answer 50

optimal metabolic reaction rates

Question 51

What controls the temp regulation in the skin (comes from brain)

Answer 51

Hypothalamus

Question 52

Response to hyperthermia

Answer 52

vasodilation, sweat glands activated

Question 53

Response to hypothermia

Answer 53

vasoconstriction, inactivation of sweat glands, shivering

Question 54

What happens when you get a cut and it becomes inflamed?

Answer 54

it becomes red and swollen, vasodilate, heat and pain

Question 55

explain the order of healing in a deeper wound

Answer 55

blood clot, forms a scab, Fibroblasts brings edges of cut together with collagen fibers, Phagocytic cells remove dead cells, scar

Question 56

Extensive collagen fiber production in the area may form an elevated area called a...?

Answer 56

scar

Question 57

Large wounds will scar and may be accompanied by...?

Answer 57

Granulations

Question 58

Describe granulations

Answer 58

new branch of blood vessels grows into area of large wound, vessels have fibroblasts with collagen fibers, leave scars of collagen fibers

Question 59

In one square inch of skin, you have what?

Answer 59

650 sweat glands, 20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes, 1,000 nerve endings