Anatomy Bones

Question 1

WHAT IS ANATOMY?

Answer 1

SCIENCE OF BODY STRUCTURES
& RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN THEM.

Question 2

WHAT DOES ANATOMY MEAN?

Answer 2

GREEK “TO CUT” OR
“CUTTING BACKWARDS”
PUT TOGETHER FROM SLICES

Question 3

6 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM & BONE

Answer 3

S.P.A.M.B.(o)T. S.
SUPPORT - a structural framework for the body
PROTECTS - internal organs from injury
ASSIST IN MOVEMENT - skeletal muscle attachments
MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS - especially calcium and phosphorus
BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION - certain bones have bone marrow producing red and white blood cells and platelets
TRIGLYCERIDE STORAGE - yellow bone marrow, adipose cells store triglycerides

Question 4

5 TYPES OF BONE

Answer 4

L.I.F.T.S.S.
LONG - longer, wider, slight curve weight bearing. leg, arm, hands, feet.
IRREGULAR - complex shape, vertebrae & some facial.
FLAT - 2 thin, compact plates, centre spongy. cranium, ribs, sternum, scapula, clavicle.
TRAPEZOID (short) - cube, wrist & ankle.
SESAMOID - protect tendons, patella, and fractures from friction, tension &stress.

Question 5

What Are Flat Bones Adapted For

Answer 5

Skull Scapula Sternum
Protection
Broad Surface Attachment
Mineral Storage
Blood Cell Production

Question 6

LONG BONE STRUCTURE

Answer 6

ARTICULAR hyaline CARTILAGE
PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS
METAPHYSIS
DIAPHYSIS - main section
METAPHYSIS
DISTAL EPIPHYSIS
ARTICULAR hyaline CARTILAGE

Question 7

BONE HISTOLOGY (cell types)

Answer 7

OSTEO PROGENITOR - develops into a
OSTEO BLAST - forms bone.
OSTEO CYTE - maintains bone.
OSTEO CLAST - reabsorption & breakdown

Question 8

SKELETAL SYSTEM DIVISION

Answer 8

AXIAL - 80 bones
APPENDICULAR - 126 bones

Question 9

AXIAL SKELETON is made up of?

Answer 9

SKULL BONES
VERTEBRAL COLUMN + sacrum
STERNUM
RIBS

Question 10

APPENDICULAR SKELETON consists of?

Answer 10

UPPER & LOWER LIMBS
PELVIC GIRDLES
connecting to axial,
concerned with movement

Question 11

VERTEBRAL COLUMN consists of

Answer 11

33 BONES IN TOTAL
CERVICAL - 7 C1 to C7
THORACIC - 12 T1 TO T12
LUMBAR - 5 L1 TO L5
SACRUM - 5
COCCYX - 4

Question 12

THORAX BONES

Answer 12

SUPERIOR top
INFERIOR bottom
7 PAIRS OF TRUE RIBS

Question 13

SHOULDER GIRDLE, ARM, FOREARM BONES

Answer 13

SHOULDER PECTORAL GIRDLE
SCAPULA & CLAVICLE
HUMERUS
RADIUS lateral widens laterally
ULNA medial thinner

Question 14

WRIST & HAND BONES

Answer 14

WRIST (carpus) 8 CARPAL BONES IN 2 ROWS
PALM 5 METACARPALS
FINGER 3 PHALANGES

Question 15

WRIST & HAND JOINTS

Answer 15

CARPO METACARPAL
METACARPO PHALANGEAL
INTER PHALANGEAL

Question 16

MALE PELVIS

Answer 16

LARGER
HEAVIER
SMALLER INLET & OUTLET
PUBIC ARCH LESS THAN 90*

Question 17

FEMALE PELVIS

Answer 17

ROUNDER
FLARED ILIAC CREST
WIDER PELVIC OPENING
PUBIC ARCH MORE THAN 90*
MOVEABLE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
MORE FLEXIBLE COCCYX

Question 18

THIGH BONE

Answer 18

FEMUR
LONGEST
HEAVIEST
STRONGEST

Question 19

KNEE CAP

Answer 19

PATELLA
LARGEST SESAMOID BONE

Question 20

LOWER LEG

Answer 20

TIBIA medial larger
weight bearing
FIBULA lateral smaller

Question 21

FOOT BONES

Answer 21

SOLE HAS 5 BONES
METATARSALS
3 PHALANGES
HALLUX BIG TOE

Question 22

BONE DISORDERS

Answer 22

MECHANICAL STRESS INCREASES STRENGTH
by increased deposition of mineral salts & production of collagen fibres
ABSENCE weakens bone by decreasing mineral deposition & collagen
LOW-LEVEL SEX HORMONES IN WOMEN with smaller bones
menopause
reduced bone mass loss of calcium
osteoporosis osteomalacia
brittleness & fractures increased by the lower level of protein synthesis
lower collagen fibres reduce tensile strength