Anatomy Bones Flashcards
WHAT IS ANATOMY?
SCIENCE OF BODY STRUCTURES
& RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN THEM.
WHAT DOES ANATOMY MEAN?
GREEK “TO CUT” OR
“CUTTING BACKWARDS”
PUT TOGETHER FROM SLICES
6 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM & BONE
S.P.A.M.B.(o)T. S.
SUPPORT - a structural framework for the body
PROTECTS - internal organs from injury
ASSIST IN MOVEMENT - skeletal muscle attachments
MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS - especially calcium and phosphorus
BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION - certain bones have bone marrow producing red and white blood cells and platelets
TRIGLYCERIDE STORAGE - yellow bone marrow, adipose cells store triglycerides
5 TYPES OF BONE
L.I.F.T.S.S.
LONG - longer, wider, slight curve weight bearing. leg, arm, hands, feet.
IRREGULAR - complex shape, vertebrae & some facial.
FLAT - 2 thin, compact plates, centre spongy. cranium, ribs, sternum, scapula, clavicle.
TRAPEZOID (short) - cube, wrist & ankle.
SESAMOID - protect tendons, patella, and fractures from friction, tension &stress.
What Are Flat Bones Adapted For
Skull Scapula Sternum
Protection
Broad Surface Attachment
Mineral Storage
Blood Cell Production
LONG BONE STRUCTURE
ARTICULAR hyaline CARTILAGE
PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS
METAPHYSIS
DIAPHYSIS - main section
METAPHYSIS
DISTAL EPIPHYSIS
ARTICULAR hyaline CARTILAGE
BONE HISTOLOGY (cell types)
OSTEO PROGENITOR - develops into a
OSTEO BLAST - forms bone.
OSTEO CYTE - maintains bone.
OSTEO CLAST - reabsorption & breakdown
SKELETAL SYSTEM DIVISION
AXIAL - 80 bones
APPENDICULAR - 126 bones
AXIAL SKELETON is made up of?
SKULL BONES
VERTEBRAL COLUMN + sacrum
STERNUM
RIBS
APPENDICULAR SKELETON consists of?
UPPER & LOWER LIMBS
PELVIC GIRDLES
connecting to axial,
concerned with movement
VERTEBRAL COLUMN consists of
33 BONES IN TOTAL
CERVICAL - 7 C1 to C7
THORACIC - 12 T1 TO T12
LUMBAR - 5 L1 TO L5
SACRUM - 5
COCCYX - 4
THORAX BONES
SUPERIOR top
INFERIOR bottom
7 PAIRS OF TRUE RIBS
SHOULDER GIRDLE, ARM, FOREARM BONES
SHOULDER PECTORAL GIRDLE
SCAPULA & CLAVICLE
HUMERUS
RADIUS lateral widens laterally
ULNA medial thinner
WRIST & HAND BONES
WRIST (carpus) 8 CARPAL BONES IN 2 ROWS
PALM 5 METACARPALS
FINGER 3 PHALANGES
WRIST & HAND JOINTS
CARPO METACARPAL
METACARPO PHALANGEAL
INTER PHALANGEAL
MALE PELVIS
LARGER
HEAVIER
SMALLER INLET & OUTLET
PUBIC ARCH LESS THAN 90*
FEMALE PELVIS
ROUNDER
FLARED ILIAC CREST
WIDER PELVIC OPENING
PUBIC ARCH MORE THAN 90*
MOVEABLE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
MORE FLEXIBLE COCCYX
THIGH BONE
FEMUR
LONGEST
HEAVIEST
STRONGEST
KNEE CAP
PATELLA
LARGEST SESAMOID BONE
LOWER LEG
TIBIA medial larger
weight bearing
FIBULA lateral smaller
FOOT BONES
SOLE HAS 5 BONES
METATARSALS
3 PHALANGES
HALLUX BIG TOE
BONE DISORDERS
MECHANICAL STRESS INCREASES STRENGTH
by increased deposition of mineral salts & production of collagen fibres
ABSENCE weakens bone by decreasing mineral deposition & collagen
LOW-LEVEL SEX HORMONES IN WOMEN with smaller bones
menopause
reduced bone mass loss of calcium
osteoporosis osteomalacia
brittleness & fractures increased by the lower level of protein synthesis
lower collagen fibres reduce tensile strength
