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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Anatomy: Basic Chemistry Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy: Basic Chemistry Ch. 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Elements

A

Substances that cannot be broken down to simpler substances with different properties.

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

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2
Q

How many naturally occurring elements serve as building blocks of all matter?

A

92

Other elements have been human made and are not biologically important.

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3
Q

What elements make up 95% of living organisms (by weight)?

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
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4
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged, found in nucleus, heavy mass

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5
Q

Neutrons

A

Uncharged, found in nucleus, heavy mass.

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6
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged, move around nucleus, light mass

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7
Q

What determines an atoms stability?

A

Orbital and charge.

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8
Q

Atomic mass

A

protons + # neutrons

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9
Q

Atomic Number

A

protons in the nucleus.

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10
Q

If i have 6 protons, how many electrons will I have?

A

6 electrons

protons = # electrons

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11
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with a differing number of neutrons.

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12
Q

Radioactive Isotopes

A

Emit various types of energy as they decay.

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13
Q

What is the Octet Rule?

A

Energy levels for electron orbitals
1st orbital contains 2 electrons
Every one after that contain 8 or more electrons

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14
Q

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Hydrogen have?

A

1 electron

1 Proton

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15
Q

How many protons does carbon have?

A

4

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16
Q

How many protons does nitrogen have?

A

7

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17
Q

How many protons are in oxygen?

A

8

18
Q

How many protons are in phosphorus?

A

15

19
Q

How many protons are in sulfur?

A

16

20
Q

What are the 6 Nobel gasses?

A 
Helium
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Xenon
Radon
21
Q

Molecules

A

Form when two or more atoms bond together.

22
Q

Compound molecules

A

Form when two or more different atomic elements bond together.

23
Q

Ions

A

Form when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons, so that the total number of electrons and protons are not equal.
Ions form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

24
Q

Cation

A

The chemical that loses electrons, has an excess of protons, and is a positive ion.

25
Q

Anion

A

The chemical that gains electrons, has an excess of electrons, and is a negative ion.

26
Q

A double covalent bond

A

Results from sharing two pairs of electrons.

27
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

Results when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has a stable arrangement of electrons in the outer orbit. More stable in water, can be arranged in sequences to form large molecules.

28
Q

Nonpolar covalent bond

A

If the sharing between two atoms is fairly equal, the covalent bond is described as nonpolar.

29
Q

Polar Covalent Bonds

A

If the sharing between two atoms is unequal, the covalent bond is described as polar.

30
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

Polarity within a water molecules cause the hydrogen atoms in one molecule to be attracted to the oxygen atoms in other water molecules. Weak bonds individually but quite strong collectively.

31
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Strong attraction between ions, but can dissolve in water because many (weak) hydrogen bonds between ions and water molecules can overcome the ionic bond.

32
Q

What percentage of water makes up all living things?

A

70%-90%

33
Q

Cohesive

A

Water molecules cling together because of hydrogen bonding

34
Q

Adhesion

A

Water’s positive and negative poles allow it to adhere to polar substances.

35
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

36
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Repel water

37
Q

Calorie

A

is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water at 1 degree C.

38
Q

Acidic Solutions

A

High H+ Concentrations. Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions when they dissociate in water.

39
Q

Basic Solutions

A

Low H+ Concentrations.

40
Q

pH scale

A

Ranges from 0-14]
A pH below 7 is acidic
A pH above 7 is basic
A pH of 7 is neutral

41
Q

Buffer

A

A buffer is a chemical or combination of chemicals that keep pH within normal limits.

42
Q

What are the three forms of matter

A

Solids
liquids
and gasses

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (5 decks)

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