Anatomy and Pysiology Flashcards
Name the two ball and socket joints:
Hip, Shoulder
Name the hinge joints:
Knee, Ankle, Elbow
Name the condyloid joint:
Wrist
What are the articulating bones at the shoulder?
Scapula, Humorous
What are the articulating bones at the hip?
Pelvis, Femur
What are the articulating bones at the knee?
Femur, Tibia
What are the articulating bones at the elbow?
Humorous, Radius, Ulna
What are the articulating bones at the ankle?
Talus, Tibia, Fibula
What are the articulating bones at the wrist?
Carpals, Radius, Ulna
Define horizontal flexion:
Shoulder moves towards the midline of the body
Define horizontal extension
Shoulder moves away from the midline of the body
Define medial rotation:
Axis rotates inwards towards the body
Define lateral rotation:
Axis rotates outwards away from the body
Which two movements occur at the wrist, knee and elbow?
Flexion and extension
Which movements occur at the ankle?
Plantar flexion, Doris Flexion
Which movements occur at the shoulder?
Flexion, Extention, Adduction, Abduction, Horizontal Flexion, Horizontal Extension, Medial Rotation, Lateral Rotation
Which movements occur at the hip?
Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Medial Rotation, Lateral Rotation
What are the three planes of movement?
Transverse, Sagittal, Frontal
Which plane occurs across all three joint types?
The sagittal plane
Which movement occur across the sagittal plane?
Flexion, Extension
Which movements occur across the frontal plane?
Adduction, Abduction
Which movements occur across the transverse plane?
Horizontal Extension, Horizontal Flexion, Medial Rotation, Lateral Rotation
Give 2 sports examples of a movement across the sagittal plane:
Forward Roll, Kicking
Give 2 sports examples of movements which occur across the frontal plane:
Star jump, Cartwheel
Give 2 sports examples of movements which occur across the transverse plane:
Pirouette, Boxing Hook
Define agonist:
The muscle responsible for the movement of a joint
Define antagonist:
The muscle that has an action opposite to the agonist
Define fixative:
The muscle which stabilises the joint/ keeps it still
What is an isometric muscle contraction?
Where the muscle contracts but remains the same length
Give 4 sports examples of isometric muscle contractions:
Plank, crucifix, rugby scrum, handstand
What is an isotonic muscle contraction?
Where the muscle length changes when contracting
What does it mean if a muscle contracts concentrically?
The muscle contracts and shortens
Give a sports example of a concentric muscle contraction:
A bicep curl
What does it mean if a muscle contracts eccentrically?
The muscle relaxes and lengthens
Give a sporting example of an eccentric muscle contraction:
Running down a hill
What changes in the downward phase of a contraction?
The antagonist muscle becomes the agonist because it is the one working hard against gravity so the muscles switch and also the eccentric and concentric labels switch
